AUTOMOBILE WINDSCREEN DISPLAY

Abstract

The invention relates to electronic engineering, more specifically to displays on a car windshield, even more specifically to projection IA qui d crystal displays with biologically adequate backlighting based on semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for displaying augmented reality images on a car windshield. The display on the windshield of a car includes LED backlighting arranged in series along the optical axis, Consisting of at least one LED with a peak blue radiation wavelength of 475-490 nm, an optical film system including diffusely scattering and raster prismatic films designed to ensure uniformity illumination radiation, and a composite (zoned) composite photoluminescent film containing photoluminescent substances in a transparent base for converting blue LED radiation into green-blue radiation for the augmented reality display area and red radiation for the warning information display area, monochrome liquid crystal display, a Fresnel lens that magnifies the image formed on the liquid crystal display into the space in front of the windshield of the vehicle. The technical result consists in reducing the harmful effects of display radiation on the body of the driver and passengers of the car, simplifying the design, increasing the reliability and efficiency of the display on the windshield of the car.

Claims

1. An automotive display on the windshield, including LED illumination arranged in series along the optical axis a system of optical films, including diffuse scattering and raster prismatic films designed to ensure uniformity of illumination radiation, a liquid crystal imaging device and an optical lens that projects an image formed on liquid crystal display, into the space in front of the car windshield characterized in that the LED backlight consists of at least one LED with a peak blue wavelength of 475-490 nm, the system of optical films includes at the output a composite (zoned) composite photoluminescent film containing photoluminescent substances in a transparent base for converting blue LED radiation into green-blue radiation for the display zone of augmented reality of the display and red radiation for the display zone of warning information, and as an imaging device used monochrome liquid crystal display, and a plastic Fresnel lens is used as the lens.

2. The automotive display on the windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite photoluminescent film for illuminating the augmented reality display area contains a photoluminophore with a composition described by the stoichiometric formula Y.sub.3-y-z Lu.sub.yCe.sub.zAl.sub.5-x:Ga.sub.xO.sub.12, where 1.8<x<2, 1, 0≤y≤2.86, 0.12≤z≤0.15.

3. The automotive display on the windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite photoluminescent film for illuminating the area for displaying warning information contains a photoluminescent substance with a composition described by the stoichiometric formula (Ba, Ca, Zn, Eu) 2S4 with the following ratio of components (Ba: 0.9-1.4; Ca: 0.9-0.4; Zn: 0.05-0.15; Eu 0.02-0.05).

4. The automotive display on the windshield according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the composite photoluminescent film for illuminating the display areas of augmented reality and warning information is 50-200 microns, with the photoluminescent phosphor content in the range from 1:1 to 2:1 weight fractions in relation to a transparent basis.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] FIG. 1. The emission spectrum of a typical “blue” nitride chip LED-101, coated with a YAG: Ce photoluminophor with an emission spectrum of 102, and the spectrum of an incandescent lamp -103.

[0042] FIG. 2. Graphs of spectral dependences: acute UV-blue phototoxicity (Aλ) -201, sensitivity to suppression of melatonin generation (Mλ, Peak sensitivity, 459-464 nm) -202, spectral sensitivity of melanopsin (Mλ, maximum sensitivity, 479-483 nm) -203 and scotopic aphakic light sensitivity (Vλ) -204. In FIG. 2, indicated in [4], the subranges of wavelengths of the visible spectrum are indicated by numbers: 205 -UV<400 nm, 206 -violet 400-440 nm, 207 -blue 440-500 nm, 208 -green 500-570 nm, 209 -yellow 570-590 nm, 210 -orange 590-610 nm, 211 -red 610-700 nm.

[0043] FIG. 3. Schematic representation of the head-up display on the windshield;

[0044] FIG. 4. An enlarged schematic sectional view of a liquid crystal display on a car windshield with LED backlighting with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum;

[0045] FIG. 5. The spectrum of LED backlighting of the liquid crystal display on the windshield of a car with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum for the augmented reality display area;

[0046] FIG. 6. The spectrum of LED backlighting of the liquid crystal display on tic: windshield of a car with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum for the warning information display area.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0047] The proposed invention is based on the technical problem of creating a high-brightness automotive display on a windshield with LED backlight, using monochrome LCD with backlight for the formation of augmented reality images based on the conversion of nitride LEDs emitting in the biologically harmless spectral range of 475-490 nm using composite photoluminescent materials based on garnet photoluminophores, while the maximum intensity of illumination in the range of 445-475 inn does not exceed the minimum intensity in the range of 479-483 nm.

[0048] The declared display on the windshield includes LED backlighting with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum, including at least one or a group of LEDs emitting blue radiation in the spectral range of 475-490 nm, placed on a heat-conducting printed circuit board with electrical leads for connecting the LEDs to a power supply, and a well-known optical film system widely used in display technology, including a diffusely-scattering film and two raster microprismatic films; designed to create a uniform distribution of backlight radiation on the input surface of a monochrome LCD, moreover, in the immediate vicinity of the specified input surface of the LCD, completely overlapping the specified input surface, there is a composite (zoned) composite photoluminescent film that is absent in the known analogs, containing a photoluminescent material in a transparent base that converts the radiation of blue LEDs: [0049] for the zone of augmented reality display in green-blue radiation, the spectral maximum of which is located in the range of 510-530 nm, and the half-width of the spectral line is at least 105 nm. As a material used in the photoluminescent film of the claimed invention that meets the specified requirements, a new phosphor is proposed, the composition of which is described b′ the stoichiometric formula Y.sub.3-y-zLu.sub.yCe.sub.zAl.sub.5-xGa.sub.xO.sub.12, where 1.8<x<2.1, 0≤y≤2.86, 0.12≤z≤0.15; [0050] for the zone of displaying warning information in red radiation, the spectral maximum of which is located at 650 nm. As a material used in the photoluminescent film of the claimed invention that meets the specified requirements, a standard calcium sulfide photoluminescent phosphor FLS-650 is proposed.

[0051] The thickness of photoluminescent films can be 50-200 microns, with the photoluminescent phosphor content in the range from 1:1 to 2:1 weight fractions with respect to the transparent base.

[0052] The emission spectra of LEDs are in the excitation spectral region of the proposed photoluminophores with green-blue radiation, and the maximum of the blue LED emission spectrum falls within the spectral range with the boundary located at the short-wavelength edge of the photoluminophor emission at a distance equal to the half-width of the photoluminophor emission spectrum from the position of the maximum of its spectrum radiation. This allows, at certain thicknesses of photoluminescent films and photoluminescent phosphor concentrations in them, to ensure the fulfillment of the condition for the biological adequacy of the spectrum of the emitted light (the maximum spectral intensity of illumination radiation near 460 nm does not exceed the minimum intensity in the range 479-483 nm, the absence of a spectral dip at 480 nm) at a sufficiently high backlight efficiency.

[0053] The claimed invention is illustrated in detail by FIGS. 3-6.

[0054] In FIG. 3, a schematic representation of the structural-optical scheme of the claimed display on the windshield is shown, including a projection liquid crystal matrix display with LED backlighting with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum and a projection lens 301 located on one optical axis, which together form a virtual enlarged image 302, Which enters the eye of the driver 303 of the car after being reflected from the film 304 placed on the windshield 305 of the car, forming an intermediate image 6 located behind the windshield. The structural elements of the display are shown in detail below in FIG. 4

[0055] Film 304 is a transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, glued from the inside to the windshield of a car, and, if necessary, can be used to eliminate ghosting observed by the driver with a two-layer windshield structure. This film, which has become almost a standard attribute for car displays on the windshield, is placed in the area where light from the projector hits the windshield and allows you to get a dearer image, especially in the dark, while remaining almost invisible to the driver and without distracting him from control of road conditions.

[0056] FIG. 4 schematically shows in section (top view) a projection liquid crystal display device with LED backlighting with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum based on one of the embodiments of the display on the windshield of a car according to the invention, including a heat-conducting printed circuit board 401 with soldered to it a group (matrix) of LEDs 402 with radiation in the blue region of the spectrum (475-490 nm), a white diffusely reflecting screen 403 and a set of 404 prismatic compensatory and diffusely scattering films, designed to provide uniform illumination of the composite photoluminescent film in the augmented reality display area 405 and in the warning information display area 406, respectively, the liquid crystal display 407, the case 408, the projection plano-convex Fresnel lens 409 and the protective film 410. Conductors connecting the LEDs to the power driver and the printed circuit board are not shown.

[0057] The distance from the output surface of the liquid crystal display 407 to the Fresnel projection lens 409 determines the magnification of the image displayed on the windshield and its distance from the driver and must be less than the focal length of the Fresnel lens 409 to form a virtual magnified image according to the known laws of optics.

[0058] The use of thin large-format plastic Fresnel lenses made of modern technologies from optical plastic (PMMA) using ultra-precise injection molds that provide high optical efficiency of the lenses (more than 80%) can significantly improve the weight and size characteristics of the display on the windshield, providing a sufficiently high display resolution resistance to ultraviolet radiation and working, temperature up to 80° C.

[0059] In the backlight of the proposed display, LEDs with blue radiation in the spectral range of 475-490 nm are used, for example, SM-D LEDs of the type L135-B475003500001 manufactured by Lumileds, which, due to the emitted spectrum, provide maximum long-term constriction of the pupil of the eye in the evening and at night and, as a result, minimize requirements for the aberrations of the used Fresnel lens.

[0060] For the manufacture of the reflective screen 403, white diffusely reflecting films can be used, for example, White98 Film F-16 produced by WhiteOptics LLC, which has a high reflectance of 98%. These films are designed to be placed in LED mixing chambers and on top of LED PCBs to maximize the efficiency of LEI) light sources, improve lighting efficiency, diffuse light, and minimize LED hotspots.

[0061] In the combination of films 404, the well-known Vikuiti BEF microprismatic films manufactured by 3M, as well as any matte diffusing films, are used to homogenize the illumination radiation.

[0062] Protective film 410 with a micro-louver structure has a double function, protecting the working profiled surface of the Fresnel lens 409 from dust and mechanical influences accompanying wiping the display exit window on the windshield, as well as reducing the deterioration of the image contrast that occurs under high external sunlight due to the weakening of direct sunlight. light entering the inside of the housing 408 through the Fresnel lens 409 on the LCD 407. However, it is fundamentally important that the film 410 is not used in the specified standard position relative to the display surface, in which the film darkens when the viewing angle changes in the horizontal plane, but is positioned so that the darkening occurs when the viewing angle changes in the vertical plane.

[0063] As a protective film 410, for example, 3M High Clarity privacy filters manufactured by 3M can be used, which completely lose transparency, starting from a lateral angle of 30 °, while maintaining the resolution of the display.

[0064] The LED white light source with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum works as follows. The radiation of blue LEDs 402, including partially reflected by a white diffusely reflecting screen 403, passes through a set of 404 prismatic compensatory and diffusely scattering films, then a photoluminescent film passes with a partial transformation into green-blue radiation in the zone 405 of the augmented reality display and with a partial transformation into red radiation in the area of displaying warning information 406, then passes through the liquid crystal display 407 and the projection plano-cons ex Fresnel lens 409, forming an enlarged virtual image shown in FIG. 3, and after being reflected in the windshield, it enters the drivers eye, forming on the retina of the eye an enlarged image displayed by LCD, with increased sharpness due to constriction of the pupil by LED radiation of 475-490 nm, filling within the spectral region of maximum light absorption by melanopsin at 479-483 nm.

[0065] The claimed solution makes it possible to exclude or significantly reduce the harmful effect on the human body of intense LED radiation, as well as to simplify and lighten the optical part of the display on the windshield of a car, in connection with the use of at least two photoluminophores in the proposed display, the choice of photoluminophores is of great importance.

[0066] Photoluminophores for conversion layers are usually optical inorganic materials doped with rare earth (lanthanide) ions, or alternatively, ions such as chromium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt or neodymium. Lanthanide elements -lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium.

[0067] For excitation in or near the 475-490 nm wavelength range, typical optical inorganic photoluminophores include yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG or Y3Al5O12) terbium containing garnet, yttrium oxide (Y.sub.2O.sub.3), YVO.sub.4, SrGa.sub.2S.sub.4, (Sr, Mg, Ca, Ba) (Ga, Al, In).sub.2S.sub.4, SrS, and nitridosilicates. Typical photoluminophores for LED excitation in the 400-490 nm wavelength range include YAG: Ce.sup.3+, YAG: Ho.sup.3+, YAG: PR.sup.3+, SrGa.sub.2S.sub.4:Eu.sup.2+, SrGa.sub.2S.sub.4: Ce.sup.3+, SrS: Eu.sup.2+ and nitridosilicates doped with Eu.sup.2+; (Lu.sub.1-xya-bY.sub.xGd.sub.y).sub.3(Al.sub.1-zGa.sub.z).sub.5O.sub.12: Cea.sup.3+Pr.sub.b.sup.3+ where 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<z<=0.1, 0<a<=0.2 and 0<b<=0, 1 including, for example, Lu.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12: Ce.sup.3+ and Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12: Ce.sup.3+; (Sr.sub.1-a-bCa.sub.bBa.sub.c) Si.sub.xN.sub.yO.sub.z:Eu.sub.a.sup.2+(a=0.002-0.2, b=0.0-0.25, c=0.0-0.25, x=1.5-2.5, y=1.5-2.5, z=1.5-2.5), including, for example, SrSi.sub.2N.sub.2O.sub.2:Eu.sup.2+; (Sr.sub.1-u-v-xMg.sub.uCa.sub.vBa.sub.x) (Ga.sub.2-y-zAl.sub.yIn.sub.zS.sub.4):Eu.sup.2+, including, for example, SrGa.sub.2S.sub.4: Eu.sup.2+ and Sr.sub.1-xBa.sub.xSiO.sub.4: Eu.sup.2+.

[0068] The proposed display on the windshield uses specially designed green-blue photoluminophores with the general stoichiometric formula: Y.sub.2-y-zLu.sub.yCe.sub.zAl.sub.5-xGa.sub.xO.sub.12, where 1.8<x<2.1, 0≤y≤2.86.

[0069] FIG. 5 shows the spectrum of the created LED backlight with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum for the augmented reality display area of the liquid crystal display on the windshield of a car, formed by a film containing the photoluminophor SDL-4940 (Y.sub.2.79Ce.sub.0.12Lu.sub.0.09Al.sub.3.1Ga.sub.1.9O.sub.12).

[0070] FIG. 6 shows the spectrum of the created LED backlight with a biologically adequate radiation spectrum for the zone of displaying warning information of the liquid crystal display on the windshield of a car, formed by a film containing a red PLS-650 photoluminophor.

[0071] The red light emitting phosphor can be selected from a known group including (Sr.sub.1-a-b-c Ba.sub.bCa.sub.c).sub.2Si.sub.5N.sub.8: Eu.sub.a (a=0.002-0.2, b=0.0-1.0, c=0.0-1.0); (Ca.sub.1-x-aSr.sub.x)S:Eu.sub.a, (a=0.0005-0.01, x=0.0-1.0); Ca.sub.1-aSiN.sub.2:Eu.sub.a (a=0.002-0.2); and (Ba.sub.1-x-aCa.sub.x) Si.sub.7N.sub.10:Eu.sub.a(a=0002-0.2, x=0.0-0.25) (Ca.sub.1-xSr.sub.x)S:Eu.sup.2+, where 0<x<=1, including, for example, CaS: Eu.sup.2+ and SrS: Eu.sup.2+; (Sr.sup.1-x-y Ba.sub.xCa.sub.y).sub.2-zSi.sub.5-aAl.sub.nN.sub.8-aO.sub.a:Eu.sub.z .sup.2+ where 0<=a<5, 0<x<=1, 0<=y<=1 and 0<z<=1, including, for example, Sr.sub.2Si.sub.5N.sub.8: Eu.sup.2+.

[0072] The present invention uses a red glow photoluminophor FLS-650, manufactured by LAO Luminofor, which belongs to phosphors with the general formula (Ba, Ca, Zn, Eu).sub.2S.sub.4 with the following ratio of components (Ba: 0.9-1.4; Ca: 0.9-0.4; Zn: 0.05-0.15; Eu 0.02-0.05), by changing the ratio of which it is possible to change the position of the maximum and the half-width of the radiation spectrum within a fairly wide range.

[0073] Nanostructured organosilicon phosphors (NOL41, NOL42) manufactured by OOO Luminotech, which have a high quantum yield of photoluminescence up to 91% and a large pseudo-Stokes shift of 101 nm can also be used as red photoluminescent phosphors.

[0074] As photoluminophores can also be used quantum dot materials -small particles of inorganic semiconductors, having, a size of less than about 30 nm. Typical quantum dot materials include, but are not limited to, CdS, CdSe, ZnSe, InAs, GaAs, and GaN particles. Quantum point materials can absorb light of one wavelength and then re-emit light at different wavelengths, which depend on particle size, particle surface properties, and the inorganic semiconductor material.

[0075] Photoluminescent films can include either a single type of photoluminescent phosphor material or quantum dot material, or a mixture of photoluminescent phosphor materials and quantum dot materials.

[0076] Photoluminescent films are made in the form of a dispersion in a material that is optically transparent to LED and photoluminophor radiation.

[0077] Transparent materials can include polymeric and inorganic materials. Polymeric materials include, but are not limited to: acrylates, polycarbonate, fluoroacrylates perfluoroacrylates, fluorophosphinate polymers, fluorosilicones, fluoropolyimides, polytetrafluorethylene, fluorosilicones, sol-gels, epoxy resins, thermoplastics, and thermal plastics. Fluoropolymers are particularly useful in the ultraviolet wavelength ranges less than 400 nm and infrared wavelengths greater than 700 nm due to their low light absorption in these wavelength ranges. Typical inorganic materials include, but are not limited to: silicon dioxide, optical glasses, and chalcogenide glasses.

[0078] In some cases, it is preferable to incorporate a photoluminescent substance into a photoluminescent film material, for example, a transparent plastic such as polycarbonate, PET, polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylic, formed by extrusion. In this case, the photoluminescent film can be pre-fabricated in sheets. In this case, a suspension of photoluminophor, surfactants and polymer is prepared in an organic solvent. The slurry can then be formed into a sheet by extrusion or injection molding, or poured onto a flat substrate such as glass, followed by drying. The resulting sheet can be detached from the temporary backing and cut to size. In a specific case, from a suspension of particles of an experimental photoluminophor based on yttrium-gadolinium-cerium (Y, Gd, Ce) 3Al5O12 aluminogranate in a solution of polycarbonate in methylene chloride, sheets of different thicknesses were formed by extrusion. The film must be thick enough to achieve the desired spectral values for mixed white light. The effective thickness is determined by the optical scattering processes in the photoluminophores used and lies, for example, between 50 and 200 μm.

[0079] The photoluminescent films used in the examples of the present invention are made on the basis of a two-component silicone compound OE 6434 manufactured by Dow Corning (OE) with the addition of specially developed photoluminophores (LF) with the general stoichiometric formula: Y3-y-zLuyCezAl5-xGaxO12, where 1.8<2.1, 0≤y≤2.86, 0.12≤z≤0.15, and also commercially available calcium sulfide photoluminophor FLS-650.

[0080] In particular: [0081] LF-5870 [Lu.sub.2.85Ce.sub.0.15Al.sub.4Ga.sub.1O.sub.12] with λ.sub.p=510.8 nm; [0082] LF-4940 [Y.sub.2.79Ce.sub.0.12Lu.sub.0.09Al.sub.3.1Ga.sub.1.9O.sub.12] with λ.sub.p=528 nm; [0083] LF-5115 [Y.sub.2.88Ce.sub.0.12Al.sub.3Ga.sub.2O.sub.12] with λ.sub.p=525 nm; [0084] LF-5260 [Y.sub.2.88Ce.sub.0.12Al.sub.2.9Ga.sub.2.1O.sub.12] with λ.sub.p=525 nm.

[0085] Table 1 presents data on the weight ratios of the silicone base (OE) and phosphors (LF), as well as the thicknesses of the films used:

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 P/p Ratio Film thickness, No. LF OE:LF microns 1 LF-5870 1:1.5  50-180 2 -”- 1:1.8 120-140 3 LF-4940 1:1   50-60 4 -”- 1:1.5 170-200 5 -”- 1:1.3 130 6 -”- 1:1.8 120-130 7 -”- 1:2   130-140 8 LF-5115 1:1.8 120-140 9 LF-5260 1:1.8 120-130 10 FLS-650 1:1.5 140

[0086] Photoluminescent films were prepared by thoroughly stirring the corresponding weighed portions of photoluminescent phosphor in a preliminarily prepared mixture of two initial components of the silicone optical compound OE 6636, followed by applying a photoluminescent mixture of the required thickness to the lavsan film using an applicator and subsequent annealing in air for 1 hour at a temperature of 100° C. After annealing, the photoluminescent film is easily separated from the Mylar film and, after cutting, is installed in the LED backlight.

[0087] The surface of the photoluminescent film can be additionally covered with a transparent protective layer that prevents moisture and or oxygen from entering the film, increasing the reliability of the light source, since some types of photoluminescent phosphors, for example, sulphide ones, are susceptible to moisture damage. The protective layer can be made of any transparent material that retains moisture and oxygen, for example, inorganic materials such as silicon dioxide, silicon nitride or alumina, as well as organic polymer materials or a combination of polymer and inorganic layers. The preferred materials for the protective layer are silicon dioxide and silicon nitride.

[0088] The protective layer can also perform the function of optical clarification of the photoluminescent phosphor grain boundary with a transparent photoluminescent film base and reduce the reflection of the primary LED radiation and the secondary radiation of the photoluminescent phosphor grains at this boundary, reducing the absorption losses of the photoluminescent phosphor intrinsic radiation in its grains, and thereby increasing the efficiency of LED backlighting.

[0089] The protective layer can also be applied by finishing surface treatment of the photoluminescent phosphor grains, in which, for example, a nanosized zinc silicate film with a thickness of 50-100 nm is formed on the surface of the grains which antireflects the photoluminophor grain boundary. The composition and thickness of the films are selected empirically to obtain maximum light output.

Example 1

[0090] The car windshield display is made using a monochrome active matrix LCD type WF35NTVAJDNN0 # with a diagonal of 3.5″ with a resolution of 240×320 pixels manufactured by Winstar Display Co., LTD, a plastic (PMMA) Fresnel lens type MY-D112*73F100 2 mm thick with a focal length 100 mm manufactured by Shénzhen Meiying Teshnologu Co, Ltd. biologically adequate illumination spectrum is made on the basis of blue SMD LED type L135-B475003500001 manufactured by Lumileds. Photoluminescent films for the augmented reality display zone with a thickness of 130 microns are based on the optical silicone compound OE 6636 manufactured by Dow Corning with the addition of photoluminescent phosphor LF-4940 in a ratio of 1:1.3. Photoluminescent films for the area for displaying warning information with a thickness of 140 microns are also created on the basis of an optical silicone compound OE 6636 manufactured by Dow Corning with the addition of photoluminescent phosphor FLS-650 manufactured by LAO Luminofor in a ratio of 1:1.5. The printed circuit board and display housing are made of aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity. The white reflective screen is made of White98 Film F-16 diffusely reflective film with a reflectivity of 98% manufactured by WhiteOptics LLC. We used Vikuiti BEF prismatic expansion films and 3M High Clarity Privacy Filters. For the sticker on the windshield of the car, a standard transparent PET film with a size of 150*125 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm was used.

Example 2

[0091] The car windshield display is made using a monochrome active matrix LCD type LCD Module LS027B7DH01LCD with a diagonal of 2.7″ and a resolution of 240×400 pixels manufactured by Sharp Corporation LCD Group, plastic (PMMA) Fresnel lens type MY-DUO*90F90 2 mm thick with a focal length 90 mm manufactured by Shenzhen Meiying Teshnologu Co, Ltd. The rest of the display elements correspond to those of Example 1.

LITERATURE

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