LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSION DEVICES

Abstract

An occlusion device (210) is provided for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA), including a compliant balloon (230) defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber (232), and an actuating shaft (234), which is disposed at least partially within the balloon chamber (232) for setting a distance between distal and proximal end portions (236, 238) of the balloon (230). A proximal LAA-orifice cover (70) includes a frame (72) and a covering (74) fixed to the frame (72). An orifice-support stent (290) is fixed to and extends distally from the proximal LAA-orifice cover (70), and is generally cylindrical when in a radially-expanded state. Other embodiments are also described.

Claims

1. An occlusion device for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA), the occlusion device for use with a delivery system, the occlusion device comprising: a compliant balloon defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber; an actuating shaft, which is (a) disposed at least partially within the balloon chamber, (b) connected to a distal end portion of the balloon, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion of the balloon so as to set a distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon; a proximal LAA-orifice cover, which (a) is configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, (b) comprises a frame and a covering fixed to the frame, and (c) when in the radially-expanded state, is generally orthogonal to the actuating shaft and has a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to the actuating shaft, of between 10 and 50 mm; and an orifice-support stent, which (a) is fixed to and extends distally from the proximal LAA-orifice cover, (b) is configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, and (c) is generally cylindrical when in the radially-expanded state.

2. The occlusion device according to claim 1, wherein the orifice-support stent, when in the radially-expanded state, has (i) a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to the actuating shaft, of between 8 and 50 mm, and (ii) an axial length of between 4 and 30 mm.

3. The occlusion device according to claim 1, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a distal tip disposed at the distal end portion of the balloon, wherein the actuating shaft is connected to the distal tip.

4. The occlusion device according to claim 1, wherein the actuating shaft is shaped so as to define, at least in part, a distal tip disposed at the distal end portion of the balloon.

5. The occlusion device according to claim 1, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal base disposed at the proximal end portion of the balloon, wherein the actuating shaft is moveable with respect to the proximal base.

6. The occlusion device according to claim 1, for use with a guidewire, wherein the actuating shaft is shaped so as to define a guidewire lumen for slidingly receiving therein the guidewire.

7. The occlusion device according to claim 1, wherein the compliant balloon comprises a compliant material selected from the group consisting of: polycaprolactone (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polydioxanone (PDO or PDS), silicone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polymethylmethacrylate, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyamide, polyamide, and polyether block amide (PEBA).

8. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the orifice-support stent is not fixed to the balloon, such that a shape of the balloon can change independently of a shape of the orifice-support stent.

9. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that inflation of the balloon chamber transitions the orifice-support stent from its radially-compressed state to its radially-expanded state.

10. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal tube, which is axially fixed with respect to the proximal end portion of the balloon, and wherein the proximal LAA-orifice cover is fixed to the proximal tube radially surrounding the proximal tube, and is indirectly connected to the balloon via the proximal tube and is not directly connected to the balloon.

11. The occlusion device according to claim 10, wherein the actuating shaft is slidably disposed partially within the proximal tube.

12. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the occlusion device further comprises connecting struts fixed to the distal end portion of the balloon and to the proximal end portion of the balloon.

13. The occlusion device according to claim 12, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that inflation of the balloon chamber plastically deforms the connecting struts.

14. The occlusion device according to claim 12, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that shortening of the balloon plastically deforms the connecting struts.

15. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the balloon has an average wall thickness of between 100 and 5000 microns.

16. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the balloon has, at a thinnest portion of a wall of the balloon, a thinnest wall thickness of between 20 and 500 microns.

17. An occlusion system comprising the occlusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, the occlusion system further comprising an implant catheter, in which the occlusion device is releasably disposed in a radially-compressed state, in which a greatest distance between the proximal end portion of the balloon and the distal end portion of the balloon is between 8 and 80 mm.

18. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 1-7, further comprising a valve.

19. The occlusion device according to claim 18, wherein the occlusion device is shaped so as to define a fluid flow path, and wherein the valve is configured to selectively allow or block fluid flow between the fluid flow path and the balloon chamber when the valve is in open and closed states, respectively.

20. The occlusion device according to claim 19, wherein the occlusion device is shaped so as to define the fluid flow path along a portion of the actuating shaft, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a locking mechanism, which is configured to assume locked and unlocked states, and which is configured, when in the locked state, to maintain, between the distal end portion of the balloon and the proximal end portion of the balloon, the distance set using the actuating shaft, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that reduction of the distance, by proximal longitudinal movement of the actuating shaft: (a) to a first predetermined distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon automatically transitions the valve from the open state to the closed state, and (b) to a second predetermined distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon automatically transitions the locking mechanism from the unlocked state to the locked state.

21. The occlusion device according to claim 20, wherein the occlusion device is configured to be releasably connected to the delivery system, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that the fluid flow path is coupled in fluid communication with the delivery system when the occlusion device is releasably connected to the delivery system.

22. The occlusion device according to claim 1, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal connector that is configured to releasably connect the occlusion device to a correspondingly configured distal connector of the delivery system.

23. The occlusion device according to claim 22, wherein the proximal connector is shaped so as to define a thread.

24. An occlusion system comprising the occlusion device according to any one of claims 22-23, the occlusion system for use with a guidewire and further comprising the delivery system cooperating therewith, the delivery system comprising an implant catheter connected to an operating handle, the implant catheter comprising a longitudinal passageway for the guidewire, a distal connector for releasably connecting the implant catheter to the correspondingly configured proximal connector of the occlusion device, and an inflation tube channel releasably connectable to the fluid flow path of the occlusion device.

25. An occlusion device for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA), the occlusion device for use with a delivery system, the occlusion device comprising: a compliant balloon defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber; an actuating shaft, which is (a) disposed at least partially within the balloon chamber, (b) connected to a distal end portion of the balloon, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion of the balloon so as to set a distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon; a locking mechanism, which is configured to assume locked and unlocked states, and which is configured, when in the locked state, to maintain, between the distal end portion of the balloon and the proximal end portion of the balloon, the distance set using the actuating shaft; and a valve, wherein the occlusion device is shaped so as to define a fluid flow path along a portion of the actuating shaft, wherein the valve is configured to selectively allow or block fluid flow between the fluid flow path and the balloon chamber when the valve is in open and closed states, respectively, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that reduction of the distance, by proximal longitudinal movement of the actuating shaft: (a) to a first predetermined distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon automatically transitions the valve from the open state to the closed state, and (b) to a second predetermined distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon automatically transitions the locking mechanism from the unlocked state to the locked state.

26. The occlusion device according to claim 25, wherein the first predetermined distance does not equal the second predetermined distance.

27. The occlusion device according to claim 26, wherein the first predetermined distance is less than the second predetermined distance.

28. The occlusion device according to claim 25, wherein the first predetermined distance equals the second predetermined distance.

29. The occlusion device according to claim 25, wherein the occlusion device is configured to be releasably connected to the delivery system, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that the fluid flow path is coupled in fluid communication with the delivery system when the occlusion device is releasably connected to the delivery system.

30. The occlusion device according to claim 25, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a distal tip disposed at the distal end portion of the balloon, wherein the actuating shaft is connected to the distal tip.

31. The occlusion device according to claim 25, wherein the actuating shaft is shaped so as to define, at least in part, a distal tip disposed at the distal end portion of the balloon.

32. The occlusion device according to claim 25, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal base disposed at the proximal end portion of the balloon, wherein the actuating shaft is moveable with respect to the proximal base.

33. The occlusion device according to claim 25, for use with a guidewire, wherein the actuating shaft is shaped so as to define a guidewire lumen for slidingly receiving therein the guidewire.

34. The occlusion device according to claim 25, wherein the compliant balloon comprises a compliant material selected from the group consisting of: polycaprolactone (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polydioxanone (PDO or PDS), silicone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polymethylmethacrylate, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyamide, polyamide, and polyether block amide (PEBA).

35. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, wherein the occlusion device is shaped so as to define the fluid flow path alongside the portion of the actuating shaft.

36. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, wherein the valve is disposed along the actuating shaft.

37. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal tube, which is axially fixed with respect to the proximal end portion of the balloon, wherein the actuating shaft is slidably disposed partially within the proximal tube.

38. The occlusion device according to claim 37, wherein the occlusion device is shaped so as to define the fluid flow path along the portion of the actuating shaft radially between an external surface of the actuating shaft and an internal surface of the proximal tube.

39. The occlusion device according to claim 38, wherein the valve is disposed along the actuating shaft.

40. The occlusion device according to claim 39, wherein the valve comprises a seal around at least a portion of the external surface of the actuating shaft, and wherein the valve is configured to assume the open state when the seal is disposed at one or more first axial positions with respect to the proximal tube, and the closed state when the seal is disposed at one or more second axial positions with respect to the proximal tube, the one or more second axial positions proximal to the one or more first axial positions.

41. The occlusion device according to claim 40, wherein the seal, the actuating shaft, and the proximal tube are arranged such that the seal blocks fluid flow out of a distal end of the proximal tube at least when the seal is disposed at the one or more first axial positions with respect to the proximal tube.

42. The occlusion device according to claim 38, wherein a wall of the proximal tube is shaped so as to define one or more tabs through the wall, wherein the one or more tabs are biased to flex radially inward, and wherein, when the valve is in the open state, the fluid flow path passes through the wall between respective proximal ends of the one or more tabs and a non-tabbed portion of the wall axially adjacent the one or more tabs.

43. The occlusion device according to claim 42, wherein the non-tabbed portion of the wall is disposed proximal to the one or more tabs.

44. The occlusion device according to claim 42, wherein the external surface of the actuating shaft is shaped so as to define one or more protrusions around at least a portion of the actuating shaft, and wherein the proximal ends of the one or more tabs are shaped so as to prevent distal movement of the one or more protrusions when the one or more protrusions are disposed proximal to the proximal ends of the one or more tabs, thereby causing the locking mechanism to assume the locked state.

45. The occlusion device according to claim 37, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal LAA-orifice cover, which (a) is fixed to the proximal tube radially surrounding the proximal tube, (b) is configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, (c) comprises a frame and a covering fixed to the frame, (d) when in the radially-expanded state, is generally orthogonal to the proximal tube and has a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to the proximal tube, of between 10 and 50 mm, and (e) is indirectly connected to the balloon via the proximal tube and is not directly connected to the balloon.

46. The occlusion device according to claim 45, wherein the occlusion device further comprises an orifice-support stent, which (a) is fixed to and extends distally from the proximal LAA-orifice cover, (b) is configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, and (c) is generally cylindrical when in the radially-expanded state.

47. The occlusion device according to claim 46, wherein the orifice-support stent, when in the radially-expanded state, has (i) a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to the actuating shaft, of between 8 and 50 mm, and (ii) an axial length of between 4 and 30 mm.

48. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, wherein the occlusion device further comprises connecting struts fixed to the distal end portion of the balloon and to the proximal end portion of the balloon.

49. The occlusion device according to claim 48, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that inflation of the balloon chamber plastically deforms the connecting struts.

50. The occlusion device according to claim 48, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that shortening of the balloon plastically deforms the connecting struts.

51. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, wherein the balloon has an average wall thickness of between 100 and 5000 microns.

52. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, wherein the balloon has, at a thinnest portion of a wall of the balloon, a thinnest wall thickness of between 20 and 500 microns.

53. An occlusion system comprising the occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, the occlusion system further comprising an implant catheter, in which the occlusion device is releasably disposed in a radially-compressed state, in which a greatest distance between the proximal end portion of the balloon and the distal end portion of the balloon is between 8 and 80 mm.

54. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal connector that is configured to releasably connect the occlusion device to a correspondingly configured distal connector of the delivery system.

55. The occlusion device according to claim 54, wherein the proximal connector is shaped so as to define a thread.

56. An occlusion system comprising the occlusion device according to any one of claims 25-34, the occlusion system for use with a guidewire and further comprising the delivery system cooperating therewith, the delivery system comprising an implant catheter connected to an operating handle, the implant catheter comprising a longitudinal passageway for the guidewire, a distal connector for releasably connecting the implant catheter to the correspondingly configured proximal connector of the occlusion device, and an inflation tube channel releasably connectable to the fluid flow path of the occlusion device.

57. An occlusion device for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA), the occlusion device for use with a delivery system, the occlusion device comprising: a compliant balloon defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber; an actuating shaft, which is (a) disposed at least partially within the balloon chamber, (b) connected to a distal end portion of the balloon, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion of the balloon so as to set a distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon; and connecting struts fixed to the distal end portion of the balloon and to the proximal end portion of the balloon, wherein the connecting struts include: first lateral portions arranged along a lateral surface of the balloon, second distal-end portions arranged on a distal surface of the balloon, third proximal-end portions arranged on a proximal surface of the balloon, and distal end portions that join the second distal-end portions of the struts to the distal end portion of the balloon, respectively, and have a serpentine shape, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that upon inflation of the balloon chamber, the distal end portions are curved.

58. The occlusion device according to claim 57, wherein the connecting struts include proximal end portions that join the third proximal-end portions of the struts to the proximal end portion of the balloon, respectively, and have a serpentine shape, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that upon inflation of the balloon chamber, the proximal end portions are curved.

59. The occlusion device according to claim 57, wherein the connecting struts include distal interface portions that join the first lateral portions and the second distal-end portions, respectively, and have a serpentine shape, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that upon inflation of the balloon chamber, the distal interface portions are curved.

60. The occlusion device according to claim 57, wherein the connecting struts include proximal interface portions that join the first lateral portions and the third proximal-end portions, respectively, and have a serpentine shape, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that upon inflation of the balloon chamber, the proximal interface portions are curved.

61. The occlusion device according to claim 57, wherein the first lateral portions of the struts are generally straight.

62. The occlusion device according to claim 57, wherein the second distal-end portions and the third proximal-end portions are generally straight.

63. The occlusion device according to claim 57, wherein the first lateral portions of the struts are generally straight, and the second distal-end portions and the third proximal-end portions are generally straight.

64. The occlusion device according to claim 57, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that inflation of the balloon chamber plastically deforms the connecting struts.

65. The occlusion device according to claim 57, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that shortening of the balloon plastically deforms the connecting struts.

66. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 57-65, wherein the distal interface portions are shaped so as to define respective pairs of parallel serpentine struts that define respective narrow elongate gaps therebetween, and wherein the struts are shaped so as to define a plurality of spikes, which: extend from outer ends of the second distal-end portions, respectively, are disposed in the respective narrow elongate gaps, generally axially oriented, when the balloon is in a non-inflated, elongate configuration, and are configured to extend more radially upon inflation of the balloon chamber to serve as tissue-engaging barbs.

67. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 57-65, wherein the connecting struts further include closed stent cells that connect adjacent pairs of the first lateral portions.

68. The occlusion device according to claim 67, wherein two or more of the closed stent cells arranged in series connect the adjacent pairs of the first lateral portions.

69. The occlusion device according to claim 67, wherein the closed stent cells are shaped as respective rhombuses.

70. The occlusion device according to claim 67, wherein the first lateral portions are oriented parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the occlusion device.

71. The occlusion device according to claim 67, wherein an average width of the struts of first lateral portions equals at least 200% of an average width of the struts of the closed stent cells.

72. An occlusion device for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA), the occlusion device for use with a delivery system, the occlusion device comprising: a compliant balloon defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber; an actuating shaft, which is (a) disposed at least partially within the balloon chamber, (b) connected to a distal end portion of the balloon, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion of the balloon so as to set a distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon; and connecting struts fixed to the distal end portion of the balloon and to the proximal end portion of the balloon, wherein the connecting struts include: first lateral portions arranged along a lateral surface of the balloon, second distal-end portions arranged on a distal surface of the balloon, third proximal-end portions arranged on a proximal surface of the balloon, and distal interface portions that join the first lateral portions and the second distal-end portions, respectively, and have a serpentine shape, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that upon inflation of the balloon chamber, the distal interface portions are curved.

73. The occlusion device according to claim 72, wherein the connecting struts include proximal interface portions that join the first lateral portions and the third proximal-end portions, respectively, and have a serpentine shape, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that upon inflation of the balloon chamber, the proximal interface portions are curved.

74. The occlusion device according to claim 72, wherein the first lateral portions of the struts are generally straight.

75. The occlusion device according to claim 72, wherein the second distal-end portions and the third proximal-end portions are generally straight.

76. The occlusion device according to claim 72, wherein the first lateral portions of the struts are generally straight, and the second distal-end portions and the third proximal-end portions are generally straight.

77. The occlusion device according to claim 72, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that inflation of the balloon chamber plastically deforms the connecting struts.

78. The occlusion device according to claim 72, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that shortening of the balloon plastically deforms the connecting struts.

79. The occlusion device according to claim 72, wherein the connecting struts include distal end portions that join the second distal-end portions of the struts to the distal end portion of the balloon, respectively, and have a serpentine shape, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that upon inflation of the balloon chamber, the distal end portions are curved.

80. The occlusion device according to claim 72, wherein the connecting struts include proximal end portions that join the third proximal-end portions of the struts to the proximal end portion of the balloon, respectively, and have a serpentine shape, and wherein the occlusion device is configured such that upon inflation of the balloon chamber, the proximal end portions are curved.

81. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 72-80, wherein the distal interface portions are shaped so as to define respective pairs of parallel serpentine struts that define respective narrow elongate gaps therebetween, and wherein the struts are shaped so as to define a plurality of spikes, which: extend from outer ends of the second distal-end portions, respectively, are disposed in the respective narrow elongate gaps, generally axially oriented, when the balloon is in a non-inflated, elongate configuration, and are configured to extend more radially upon inflation of the balloon chamber to serve as tissue-engaging barbs.

82. The occlusion device according to any one of claims 72-80, wherein the connecting struts further include closed stent cells that connect adjacent pairs of the first lateral portions.

83. The occlusion device according to claim 82, wherein two or more of the closed stent cells arranged in series connect the adjacent pairs of the first lateral portions.

84. The occlusion device according to claim 82, wherein the closed stent cells are shaped as respective rhombuses.

85. The occlusion device according to claim 82, wherein the first lateral portions are oriented parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the occlusion device.

86. The occlusion device according to claim 82, wherein an average width of the struts of first lateral portions equals at least 200% of an average width of the struts of the closed stent cells.

87. An occlusion device for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA), the occlusion device for use with a delivery system, the occlusion device comprising: a compliant balloon defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber; an actuating shaft, which is (a) disposed at least partially within the balloon chamber, (b) connected to a distal end portion of the balloon, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion of the balloon so as to set a distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon; and connecting struts fixed to the distal end portion of the balloon and to the proximal end portion of the balloon, wherein the connecting struts include: first lateral portions arranged along a lateral surface of the balloon, and closed stent cells that connect adjacent pairs of the first lateral portions.

88. The occlusion device according to claim 87, wherein two or more of the closed stent cells arranged in series connect the adjacent pairs of the first lateral portions.

89. The occlusion device according to claim 87, wherein the closed stent cells are shaped as respective rhombuses.

90. The occlusion device according to claim 87, wherein the first lateral portions are oriented parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the occlusion device.

91. The occlusion device according to claim 87, wherein an average width of the struts of first lateral portions equals at least 200% of an average width of the struts of the closed stent cells.

92. A method for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA) of a patient, the method including: using a delivery system, positioning: a compliant balloon of an occlusion device in a longitudinally extended form thereof in the LAA, an actuating shaft of the occlusion device in the LAA, wherein the actuating shaft is (a) disposed at least partially within the balloon chamber, (b) connected to a distal end portion of the balloon, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion of the balloon so as to set a distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon, a proximal LAA-orifice cover in a left atrium outside the LAA, against an atrial wall surrounding an orifice of the LAA, wherein the proximal LAA-orifice cover is (a) configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, (b) includes a frame and a covering fixed to the frame, and (c) when in the radially-expanded state, is generally orthogonal to the actuating shaft and has a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to the actuating shaft, of between 10 and 50 mm, and an orifice-support stent at least partially in the LAA, wherein the orifice-support stent is (a) fixed to and extending distally from the proximal LAA-orifice cover, (b) configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, and (c) generally cylindrical when in the radially-expanded state; inflating the compliant balloon by filling, via a fluid flow path along a portion of the actuating shaft, a fluid into the balloon chamber; expanding the balloon in a radial or a lateral direction by shortening the distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon to a desired distance; and releasing the occlusion device from the delivery system.

93. The method according to claim 92, wherein the orifice-support stent is not fixed to the balloon, such that a shape of the balloon can change independently of a shape of the orifice-support stent.

94. The method according to claim 92, wherein inflating the compliant balloon transitions the orifice-support stent from its radially-compressed state to its radially-expanded state.

95. A method for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA) of a patient, the method including: using a delivery system, positioning a compliant balloon of an occlusion device in a longitudinally extended form thereof in the LAA; inflating the compliant balloon by filling, via a fluid flow path along a portion of an actuating shaft of the occlusion device, a fluid into a fluid-tight balloon chamber defined by the balloon, while a valve of the occlusion device in an open state in which the valve allows fluid flow between the fluid flow path and the balloon chamber, wherein the actuating shaft is (a) disposed at least partially within the balloon chamber, (b) connected to a distal end portion of the balloon, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion of the balloon so as to set a distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon; expanding the balloon in a radial or a lateral direction by shortening the distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon to a desired distance, by proximally longitudinally moving the actuating shaft: (a) to a first predetermined distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon, which automatically transitions the valve from the open state to a closed state in which the valve blocks fluid flow between the fluid flow path and the balloon chamber, and (b) to a second predetermined distance between the distal and the proximal end portions of the balloon, which automatically transitions a locking mechanism from an unlocked state to a locked state, in which the locking mechanism maintains, between the distal end portion of the balloon and the proximal end portion of the balloon, the distance set using the actuating shaft; and releasing the occlusion device from the delivery system.

96. The method according to claim 95, wherein positioning the balloon in the LAA comprises: advancing a guidewire into a body of the patient using the delivery system; and advancing the occlusion device over the guidewire.

97. The method according to claim 95, wherein the first predetermined distance does not equal the second predetermined distance.

98. The method according to claim 97, wherein the first predetermined distance is less than the second predetermined distance.

99. The method according to claim 95, wherein the first predetermined distance equals the second predetermined distance.

100. The method according to claim 95, wherein the occlusion device is shaped so as to define the fluid flow path alongside the portion of the actuating shaft.

101. The method according to claim 95, wherein the valve is disposed along the actuating shaft.

102. The method according to claim 95, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal tube, which is axially fixed with respect to the proximal end portion of the balloon, wherein the actuating shaft is slidably disposed partially within the proximal tube.

103. The method according to claim 102, wherein the occlusion device is shaped so as to define the fluid flow path along the portion of the actuating shaft radially between an external surface of the actuating shaft and an internal surface of the proximal tube.

104. The method according to claim 103, wherein the valve is disposed along the actuating shaft.

105. The method according to claim 104, wherein the valve comprises a seal around at least a portion of the external surface of the actuating shaft, and wherein the valve is configured to assume the open state when the seal is disposed at one or more first axial positions with respect to the proximal tube, and the closed state when the seal is disposed at one or more second axial positions with respect to the proximal tube, the one or more second axial positions proximal to the one or more first axial positions.

106. The method according to claim 105, wherein the seal, the actuating shaft, and the proximal tube are arranged such that the seal blocks fluid flow out of a distal end of the proximal tube at least when the seal is disposed at the one or more first axial positions with respect to the proximal tube.

107. The method according to claim 103, wherein a wall of the proximal tube is shaped so as to define one or more tabs through the wall, wherein the one or more tabs are biased to flex radially inward, and wherein, when the valve is in the open state, the fluid flow path passes through the wall between respective proximal ends of the one or more tabs and a non-tabbed portion of the wall axially adjacent the one or more tabs.

108. The method according to claim 107, wherein the non-tabbed portion of the wall is disposed proximal to the one or more tabs.

109. The method according to claim 107, wherein the external surface of the actuating shaft is shaped so as to define one or more protrusions around at least a portion of the actuating shaft, and wherein the proximal ends of the one or more tabs are shaped so as to prevent distal movement of the one or more protrusions when the one or more protrusions are disposed proximal to the proximal ends of the one or more tabs, thereby causing the locking mechanism to assume the locked state.

110. The method according to claim 102, wherein the occlusion device further comprises a proximal LAA-orifice cover, which (a) is fixed to the proximal tube radially surrounding the proximal tube, (b) is configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, (c) comprises a frame and a covering fixed to the frame, (d) when in the radially-expanded state, is generally orthogonal to the proximal tube and has a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to the proximal tube, of between 10 and 50 mm, and (e) is indirectly connected to the balloon via the proximal tube and is not directly connected to the balloon.

111. The method according to claim 110, wherein the occlusion device further comprises an orifice-support stent, which (a) is fixed to and extends distally from the proximal LAA-orifice cover, (b) is configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, and (c) is generally cylindrical when in the radially-expanded state.

112. The method according to claim 111, wherein the orifice-support stent, when in the radially-expanded state, has (i) a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to the actuating shaft, of between 8 and 50 mm, and (ii) an axial length of between 4 and 30 mm.

113. The method according to claim 95, wherein the occlusion device further comprises connecting struts fixed to the distal end portion of the balloon and to the proximal end portion of the balloon.

114. The method according to claim 113, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that inflation of the balloon chamber plastically deforms the connecting struts.

115. The method according to claim 113, wherein the occlusion device is configured such that shortening of the balloon plastically deforms the connecting struts.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0127] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an occlusion device for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA), in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0128] FIGS. 2A-B are schematic cross-sectional illustrations of the occlusion device of FIG. 1 and a distal portion of a delivery system, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0129] FIGS. 3A-F are schematic illustrations of steps of a method of deploying the occlusion device of FIG. 1 using the delivery system of FIG. 2, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0130] FIGS. 4A-C are schematic cross-sectional views of a portion of the steps of the method shown in FIGS. 3A-F, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0131] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the occlusion device of FIG. 1 implanted to occlude an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0132] FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of another occlusion device for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0133] FIGS. 7A-C are schematic cross-sectional illustrations of the occlusion device of FIG. 6 and a distal portion of a delivery system, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0134] FIG. 7D is a schematic illustration of another occlusion device for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0135] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of yet another occlusion device for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0136] FIGS. 9A-B are schematic cross-sectional illustrations of the occlusion device of FIG. 8 and a distal portion of a delivery system, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0137] FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of still another occlusion device for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0138] FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of the occlusion device of FIG. 10 and a distal portion of a delivery system, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0139] FIGS. 12A-B are schematic illustrations of another occlusion device for occluding an LAA, partially deployed, in accordance with an application of the present invention;

[0140] FIGS. 13A-B are schematic illustrations of the occlusion device of FIGS. 12A-B upon partial inflation of a balloon chamber thereof, in accordance with an application of the present invention; and

[0141] FIGS. 14A-B are schematic illustrations of the occlusion device of FIGS. 12A-B upon final inflation of a balloon chamber thereof, in accordance with an application of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF APPLICATIONS

[0142] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an occlusion device 10 for occluding a left atrial appendage (LAA), in accordance with an application of the present invention. Occlusion device 10 is for use with a delivery system 20, which is described in more detail hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 3A-F. Delivery system 20 and the other delivery systems described herein are typically transcatheter delivery systems that enable percutaneous deployment of the occlusion devices.

[0143] Reference is also made to FIGS. 2A-B, which are schematic cross-sectional illustrations of occlusion device 10 and a distal portion of delivery system 20, in accordance with an application of the present invention. FIG. 2A shows occlusion device 10 with a locking mechanism 40 thereof in an unlocked state and valve 42 thereof in an open state, as described hereinbelow. FIG. 2B shows occlusion device 10 with locking mechanism 40 in a locked state and valve 42 in a closed state, as described hereinbelow.

[0144] For some applications, occlusion device 10 comprises: [0145] a compliant balloon 30 defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber 32; [0146] an actuating shaft 34, which is (a) disposed at least partially within balloon chamber 32, (b) connected to a distal end portion 36 of balloon 30, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion 38 of balloon 30 so as to set a distance between distal and proximal end portions 36 and 38 of balloon 30; [0147] locking mechanism 40, which is configured to assume locked and unlocked states, as shown in FIGS. 2B and 2A, respectively; and [0148] a valve 42.

[0149] Occlusion device 10 is configured such that proximally longitudinally moving actuating shaft 34 expands balloon 30 in a radial or a lateral direction by shortening the distance between distal and proximal end portions 36 and 38 of balloon 30 to a desired distance.

[0150] Locking mechanism 40 is configured, when in the locked state, to maintain, between distal end portion 36 of balloon 30 and proximal end portion 38 of balloon 30, the distance set using actuating shaft 34.

[0151] For some applications, occlusion device 10 is shaped so as to define a fluid flow path 44 along (e.g., alongside, as shown) a portion of actuating shaft 34. Valve 42 is configured to selectively: [0152] allow fluid flow between fluid flow path 44 and balloon chamber 32 when valve 42 is in the open state, as shown in FIG. 2A, or [0153] block fluid flow between fluid flow path 44 and balloon chamber 32 when valve 42 is in the closed state, as shown in FIG. 2B.

[0154] For some applications, occlusion device 10 is configured such that reduction of the distance, by proximal longitudinal movement of actuating shaft 34: [0155] to a first predetermined distance between distal and proximal end portions 36 and 38 of balloon 30 automatically transitions valve 42 from the open state to the closed state, as shown in the transition from FIG. 2A to FIG. 2B, and [0156] to a second predetermined distance between distal and proximal end portions 36 and 38 of balloon 30 automatically transitions locking mechanism 40 from the unlocked state to the locked state, as also shown in the transition from FIG. 2A to FIG. 2B.

[0157] For some applications, the first predetermined distance does not equal the second predetermined distance. For example, the first predetermined distance may be less than the second predetermined distance, such that the proximal longitudinal movement of actuating shaft 34 first automatically transitions valve 42 from the open state to the closed state and subsequently automatically transitions locking mechanism 40 from the unlocked state to the locked state. Alternatively, the first predetermined distance may be greater than the second predetermined distance, such that this sequence is reversed.

[0158] Further alternatively, for some applications, the first predetermined distance equals the second predetermined distance, such that the proximal longitudinal movement of actuating shaft 34 simultaneously automatically transitions valve 42 from the open state to the closed state and automatically transitions locking mechanism 40 from the unlocked state to the locked state.

[0159] For some applications, in order to cause the above-mentioned proximal longitudinal movement of actuating shaft 34, delivery system 20 comprises a pull shaft 46, which is releasably coupled a proximal end portion of actuating shaft 34. For example, a distal portion of pull shaft 46 may comprise a pull-shaft coupling 48, which may, for example, be shaped so as to define a thread that removably engages a corresponding thread defined by the proximal end portion of actuating shaft 34. Rotation of pull shaft 46 disengages shaft coupling 48 from the corresponding thread defined by the proximal end portion of actuating shaft 34.

[0160] Typically, occlusion device 10 is configured to be releasably connected to delivery system 20. For some applications, occlusion device 10 is configured such that fluid flow path 44 is coupled in fluid communication with delivery system 20 when occlusion device 10 is releasably connected to delivery system 20, such as shown in FIGS. 2A-B.

[0161] For some applications, actuating shaft 34 is shaped so as to define, at least in part, a distal tip 50 disposed at distal end portion 36 of balloon 30, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A-B.

[0162] For some other applications, occlusion device 10 further comprises a distal tip disposed at distal end portion 36 of balloon 30, and actuating shaft 34 is connected to the distal tip (configuration not shown).

[0163] Alternatively or additionally, for some applications, occlusion device 10 further comprises a proximal base disposed at proximal end portion 38 of balloon 30, and actuating shaft 34 is moveable (e.g., longitudinally or rotationally) with respect to the proximal base (configuration not shown).

[0164] For some applications, valve 42 is disposed along actuating shaft 34, such as shown in FIGS. 2A-B.

[0165] For some applications, occlusion device 10 further comprises a proximal tube 52, which is axially fixed with respect to proximal end portion 38 of balloon 30. Actuating shaft 34 is slidably disposed partially within proximal tube 52, e.g., so as to indirectly connect actuating shaft 34 to proximal end portion 38 via proximal tube 52. For some of these applications, occlusion device 10 is shaped so as to define fluid flow path 44 along the portion of actuating shaft 34, radially between an external surface of actuating shaft 34 and an internal surface of proximal tube 52, such as shown in FIGS. 2A-B. Optionally, valve 42 is disposed along actuating shaft 34.

[0166] For some applications, valve 42 comprises a seal 54 around at least a portion of (e.g., entirely around) the external surface of actuating shaft 34. Valve 42 is configured to assume (a) the open state when seal 54 is disposed at one or more first axial positions 56A with respect to proximal tube 52 (one such first axial position is shown in FIG. 2A), and (b) the closed state when seal 54 is disposed at one or more second axial positions 56B with respect to proximal tube 52 (one such second axial position is shown in FIG. 2B). The one or more second axial positions 56B are proximal to the one or more first axial positions 56A. For example, seal 54 may comprise an O-ring, as shown in FIGS. 2A-B, e.g., a single O-ring or a series of O-rings. Optionally, one or more additional seals 19, e.g., one or more O-rings, are provided to provide further stabilization an alignment of the distal tube inside the proximal tube by friction.

[0167] For some applications, seal 54, actuating shaft 34, and proximal tube 52 are arranged such that seal 54 blocks fluid flow out of a distal end 58 of proximal tube 52, at least when seal 54 is disposed at the one or more first axial positions 56A with respect to proximal tube 52, such as shown in FIG. 2A. Alternatively or additionally, friction between seal 54 and the inner surface of proximal tube 52 increases structural stability, and/or enables stepwise inflation/implantation.

[0168] For some applications, a wall of proximal tube 52 is shaped so as to define one or more tabs 60 through the wall. The one or more tabs 60 are biased to flex radially inward. When valve 42 is in the open state, as shown in FIG. 2A, fluid flow path 44 passes through the wall between respective proximal ends 62 of the one or more tabs 60 and a non-tabbed portion 64 of the wall axially adjacent the one or more tabs 60, such as proximal to the one or more tabs 60, as shown.

[0169] For some applications, the external surface of actuating shaft 34 is shaped so as to define one or more protrusions 66 around at least a portion of (e.g., entirely around) actuating shaft 34. Proximal ends 62 of the one or more tabs 60 are shaped so as to prevent distal movement of the one or more protrusions 66 when the one or more protrusions 66 are disposed proximal to the proximal ends 62 of the one or more tabs 60, such as shown in FIG. 2B, thereby causing locking mechanism 40 to assume the locked state.

[0170] For some applications, occlusion device 10 further comprises a proximal LAA-orifice cover 70, which: [0171] is fixed to proximal tube 52 radially surrounding proximal tube 52, [0172] is configured to assume a radially-compressed state, such as shown in FIG. 3A, described hereinbelow, and a radially-expanded state, such as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A-B, [0173] comprises frame 72 and a covering 74 fixed to frame 72, [0174] when in the radially-expanded state, is generally orthogonal to proximal tube 52 and has a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to proximal tube 52, of at least 10 mm (e.g., at least 20 mm), no more than 50 mm (e.g., no more than 30 mm), and/or between 10 and 50 mm (e.g., between 20 and 30 mm), and [0175] is typically indirectly connected to balloon 30 via proximal tube 52 and is not directly connected to balloon 30.

[0176] This indirect connection of proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 to balloon 30 generally prevents an anodic reaction between the typically super-elastic (e.g., Nitinol) material of frame 72 of proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 and the typically plastically deformable (e.g., stainless steel) material of struts 80, described hereinbelow. Such a reaction might have occurred if the two elements were instead welded or otherwise bonded together in contact with each other. (Connection of the elements via an independent and passive element, such as an internal tube or shaft, also does not cause such a reaction.) Alternatively, proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 is directly connected to balloon 30, such as if frame 72 comprises a different plastically-deformable material, such as titanium.

[0177] For some applications, occlusion device 10 further comprises orifice-support stent 290, described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9A-B.

[0178] For some applications, actuating shaft 34 is shaped so as to define a guidewire lumen 76 for slidingly receiving therein a guidewire and/or passage of liquid injected under pressure, such as contrast media injected from the proximal handle of the delivery tool to the distal end of the occlusion device. Alternatively, for other applications, actuating shaft 34 is not shaped so as to define a guidewire lumen.

[0179] For some applications, compliant balloon 30 comprises a compliant material selected from the group consisting of: polycaprolactone (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), and polydioxanone (PDO or PDS), silicone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polymethylmethacrylate, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyamide, polyamide, and polyether block amide (PEBA).

[0180] For some applications, balloon 30 has an average wall thickness of between 100 and 5000 microns. Alternatively or additionally, for some applications, balloon 30 has, at a thinnest portion of a wall of balloon 30, a thinnest wall thickness of between 20 and 500 microns.

[0181] For some applications, occlusion device 10 further comprises connecting struts 80 fixed to distal end portion 36 of balloon 30 and to proximal end portion 38 of balloon 30. Struts 80 may be disposed inside balloon 30, outside balloon 30, or some inside and some outside balloon 30. For some applications, struts 80 are arranged as a frame. For some applications, struts 80 are arranged in a cage-like arrangement. Typically, struts 80 comprise a plastically-deformable material, such as stainless steel or titanium. Typically, struts 80 help shape balloon 30 as the balloon chamber is inflated and/or the balloon is shortened.

[0182] Typically, occlusion device 10 is configured such that inflation of balloon chamber 32 plastically deforms connecting struts 80. For some applications, occlusion device 10 is configured such that shortening of balloon 30 plastically deforms connecting struts 80.

[0183] For some applications, struts 80 are configured such that inflation of balloon chamber 32 primarily causes radial deformation of struts 80, rather than deformation of the struts in a distal or proximal direction. To this end, first lateral portions 81A of struts 80 arranged along a lateral surface of balloon 30 may be more compliant than second end portions 81B of struts 80 arranged on a distal surface of balloon 30 and/or on a proximal surface of balloon 30. For example, first lateral portions 81A may be thinner than second end portions 81B, as shown in FIG. 1, and/or first lateral portions 81A may be shaped to be more compliant, e.g., have a serpentine (e.g., sinusoidal) shape, as shown. Typically, first lateral portions 81A are oriented parallel to a central longitudinal axis of occlusion device 10.

[0184] Reference is now made to FIGS. 3A-F, which are schematic illustrations of steps of a method of deploying occlusion device 10 using delivery system 20, in accordance with an application of the present invention.

[0185] Reference is also made to FIGS. 4A-C, which are schematic cross-sectional views of a portion of the steps of the method shown in FIGS. 3A-F, in accordance with an application of the present invention.

[0186] FIG. 3A schematically shows occlusion device 10 releasably disposed in a radially-compressed state within a sheath 82 of delivery system 20. Typically, a greatest distance between proximal end portion 38 of balloon 30 and distal end portion 36 of balloon 30 is at least 8 mm (e.g., at least 15 mm), no more than 80 mm (e.g. no more than 60 mm), and/or between 8 and 80 mm (e.g., between 15 and 60 mm), when occlusion device 10 is in this radially-compressed state.

[0187] For some applications, occlusion device 10 comprises a proximal connector 84 that is configured to releasably connect occlusion device 10 to a correspondingly configured distal connector 86 of delivery system 20.

[0188] For some applications, distal connector 86 comprises one or more legs that engage one or more respective coupling sites (e.g., slots) of proximal connector 84, such as perhaps best seen in FIGS. 4A-C. For example, the legs may be configured to biased radially outward when in an unconstrained, resting state, and may be held radially inward engaging the coupling sites of proximal connector 84, such as by implant catheter 88, as shown in FIG. 4A. Proximal withdrawal of implant catheter 88 with respect to occlusion device 10 release the legs, as shown in FIG. 4B.

[0189] Alternatively, proximal connector 84 is shaped so as to define a thread (configuration not shown).

[0190] For some applications, delivery system 20 comprises an implant catheter 88 that is connected to an operating handle (not shown). Implant catheter 88 comprises (a) a longitudinal passageway for a guidewire, (b) distal connector 86 for releasably connecting implant catheter 88 to correspondingly configured proximal connector 84 of occlusion device 10, and (c) an inflation tube channel releasably connectable to fluid flow path 44 of occlusion device 10. The longitudinal passageway may alternatively or additionally be used to inject contrast media from the handle to a distal opening of the inflation tube channel distally to the balloon.

[0191] FIG. 3B shows occlusion device 10 after sheath 82 has been proximally withdrawn, thereby releasing occlusion device 10. FIG. 3B also shows proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 in its radially-expanded state. Typically, frame 72 of proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 comprises a shape-memory memory, e.g., a super-elastic metal, which causes cover 70 to automatically transition to the radially-expanded state upon release from sheath 82. Balloon 30 remains in a non-inflated, elongate configuration at this stage of deployment.

[0192] Typically, a healthcare worker places the distal end of occlusion device 10 into the LAA, using delivery system navigation.

[0193] As shown in FIGS. 3C-D, the healthcare worker inflates balloon chamber 32. FIG. 3C shows occlusion device 10 upon partial inflation of balloon chamber 32, while FIG. 3D shows occlusion device 10 upon complete inflation of balloon chamber 32. Balloon 30 may be inflated by filling balloon chamber 32 with any fluid, including but not limited to saline solution (optionally comprising a contrast medium), blood (e.g., autologous blood), foam, and/or a glue (e.g., a gel, a liquid polymer that can change its proprieties to become rigid, or a hydrogel that remains a gel or self-cures at body temperature).

[0194] For some applications, struts 80 are shaped so as to define a plurality of spikes 89 that are initially generally axially oriented, as shown in FIG. 3C, and are configured to extend more radially upon expansion of balloon 30 to serve as tissue-engaging barbs, as shown in FIG. 3D.

[0195] FIGS. 3E and 4A show occlusion device 10 after (a) valve 42 has transitioned from the open state to the closed state, (b) actuating shaft 34 has been proximally longitudinally moved to expand balloon 30 in a radial or a lateral direction by shortening the distance between distal and proximal end portions 36 and 38 of balloon 30 to a desired distance, and (c) locking mechanism 40 has transitioned from the unlocked state to the locked state, as described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 2A-B. Typically, after balloon 30 has been finally filled, actuating shaft 34 is proximally longitudinally moved to expand balloon 30 in a radial or a lateral direction by shortening the distance between distal and proximal end portions 36 and 38 of balloon 30 to a desired distance. Proximal connector 84 of occlusion device 10 is still releasably connected to correspondingly configured distal connector 86 of delivery system 20.

[0196] FIGS. 3F and 4B-C show occlusion device 10 after proximal connector 84 of occlusion device 10 has been released from distal connector 86 of delivery system 20.

[0197] FIG. 4C also shows occlusion device 10 after pull shaft 46 has been decoupled from the proximal end portion of actuating shaft 34, such as by rotating pull shaft 46 to unscrew it, as described hereinabove.

[0198] Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which is a schematic illustration of occlusion device 10 implanted to occlude an LAA 100, in accordance with an application of the present invention. As can be seen, balloon 30 is disposed within LAA 100, and proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 is disposed in a left atrium 102 outside LAA 100, against the atrial wall surrounding the orifice of LAA 100, thereby creating a continuum with the atrium at the LAA level. Typically, proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 protrudes only minimally because of its relatively flat shape, so as not to interfere with blood flow and not to cause thrombosis. Typically, struts 80 provide most of the anchoring of occlusion device 10, and balloon 30 provides most of the sealing of the LAA. In addition, in configurations in which covering 74 of proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 is blood-impermeable, proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 provides additional sealing of the LAA, primarily to inhibit creation of thrombi on the balloon surface at the orifice level.

[0199] For some applications, proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 is asymmetric about proximal tube 52, e.g., elliptical or with a radius greater in one direction than in the perpendicular direction.

[0200] For some applications, proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 is configured to have an adjustable greatest dimension measured perpendicular to proximal tube 52. For example, rotation of a proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 adjustment mechanism may adjust the greatest dimension.

[0201] For some applications, covering 74 of proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 is blood-permeable, so as to serve as filter for the passage of blood in and out of the LAA. For other applications, covering 74 is not blood-permeable, so as to create a secondary sealing of the LAA in addition to the sealing provided by balloon 30.

[0202] For some applications, proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 is bioresorbable and/or drug-eluting.

[0203] Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which is a schematic illustration of an occlusion device 110 for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention. Occlusion device 110 is for use with a delivery system 120. Other than as described hereinbelow, occlusion device 110 is similar to occlusion device 10, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5, and may implement any of the features thereof, mutatis mutandis. Similarly, other than as described hereinbelow, delivery system 120 is similar to delivery system 20, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5, and may implement any of the features thereof, mutatis mutandis. Like reference numerals refer to like parts.

[0204] Reference is also made to FIGS. 7A-C, which are schematic cross-sectional illustrations of occlusion device 110 and a distal portion of delivery system 120, in accordance with an application of the present invention. FIGS. 7A-B show occlusion device 110 connected to delivery system 120, with valve 142 of occlusion device 110 in an open state, as described hereinbelow. FIG. 7A shows occlusion device 110 with balloon 130 thereof in an elongated state, and FIGS. 7B-C show occlusion device 110 with balloon 130 in a shortened state. FIG. 7C shows occlusion device 110 connected to delivery system 120, with valve 142 in a closed state.

[0205] For some applications, occlusion device 110 comprises: [0206] a compliant balloon 130 defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber 132; balloon 130 may have any of the properties of balloon 30, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5; [0207] an actuating shaft 134, which is (a) disposed at least partially within balloon chamber 132, (b) connected to a distal end portion 136 of balloon 130, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion 138 of balloon 130 so as to set a distance between distal and proximal end portions 136 and 138 of balloon 130; and [0208] a valve 142, comprising an elastomer sleeve 143 that surrounds a portion of actuating shaft 134.

[0209] Occlusion device 110 is shaped so as to define a fluid flow path 144 having one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145 to balloon chamber 132. Typically, occlusion device 110 is configured such that fluid flow path 144 is coupled in fluid communication with delivery system 120 when occlusion device 110 is releasably connected to delivery system 120.

[0210] For example, elastomer sleeve 143 may comprise silicone.

[0211] Elastomer sleeve 143 is configured to have a resting state in which the sleeve covers and seals the one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145, such that valve 142 is in a closed state, as shown in FIG. 7C.

[0212] Delivery system 120 is configured to be releasably connected to occlusion device 110. Delivery system 120 comprises a valve-opening prop 147, which is configured: [0213] when in a propping position, such as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7A-B, to prop open and deform elastomer sleeve 143 such that elastomer sleeve 143 does not seal the one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145 and valve 142 is in an open state, and [0214] when in a non-propping position, such as shown in FIG. 7C, not to prop open elastomer sleeve 143, such that elastomer sleeve assumes the resting state and valve 142 is in the closed state.

[0215] This configuration enables separate control of shortening of balloon 130 and closing of valve 142. Alternatively, valve-opening prop 147 (e.g., tubular portion 151 thereof, described below) is fixed to pull shaft 46.

[0216] For some applications, valve-opening prop 147 comprises one or more tabs 149 that extend radially outward from an axis of elastomer sleeve 143, so as to prop open elastomer sleeve 143.

[0217] For some applications, valve-opening prop 147 is configured such that axial sliding thereof with respect to elastomer sleeve 143 (e.g., in a proximal direction) transitions valve-opening prop 147 from the propping position to the non-propping position, as shown in the transition between FIG. 7B and FIG. 7C.

[0218] For some applications, occlusion device 110 further comprises a proximal tube 152, which is axially fixed with respect to proximal end portion 138 of balloon 130. For some applications, actuating shaft 134 is slidably disposed partially within proximal tube 152.

[0219] For some applications, a seal, such as an O-ring (as shown), is provided, and friction between the seal and the inner surface of a proximal tube 152 increases structural stability. Alternatively or additionally, the O-ring, upon completion of the shortening of the balloon, is disposed proximal to the one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145 and blocks additional fluid from passing through the one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145 and elastomer sleeve 143.

[0220] For some applications, valve-opening prop 147 comprises a tubular portion 151, which is disposed at least partially within proximal tube 152. For some of these applications, valve-opening prop 147 comprises the one or more tabs 149, which extend (a) axially away from tubular portion 151 (e.g., in a distal direction) and (b) radially outward from proximal tube 152, so as to prop open elastomer sleeve 143. For some applications, the one or more tabs 149 pass through at least a portion of the one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145 when valve-opening prop 147 is in the propping position, such as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7A-B. Alternatively, for some applications, proximal tube 152 is shaped so as to define one or more access openings through a wall of proximal tube 152, and the one or more tabs 149 pass through the one or more access openings at least when valve-opening prop 147 is in the propping position (configuration not shown).

[0221] For some applications, occlusion device 110 further comprises proximal LAA-orifice cover 70, which is fixed to proximal tube 152 radially surrounding proximal tube 152. Proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 may implement any of the techniques described hereinabove and/or hereinbelow. For some of these applications, occlusion device 110 further comprises an orifice-support stent 290, described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9A-B.

[0222] For some applications, occlusion device 110 further comprises a locking mechanism, which is configured to assume locked and unlocked states, and which is configured, when in the locked state, to maintain, between distal end portion 136 of balloon 130 and proximal end portion 138 of balloon 130, the distance set using actuating shaft 134. The locking mechanism may implement any of the locking mechanisms described herein, mutatis mutandis.

[0223] For some applications, actuating shaft 134 is shaped so as to define, at least in part, a distal tip 150 disposed at distal end portion 136 of balloon 130.

[0224] For some applications, occlusion device 110 further comprises connecting struts 180 fixed to distal end portion 136 of balloon 130 and to proximal end portion 138 of balloon 130. Typically, occlusion device 110 is configured such that inflation of balloon chamber 132 plastically deforms connecting struts 180. For some applications, occlusion device 110 is configured such that shortening of balloon 130 plastically deforms connecting struts 180.

[0225] For some applications, delivery system 120 further comprising implant catheter 88, such as described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5.

[0226] Reference is now made to FIG. 7D, which is a schematic illustration of an occlusion device 410 for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention. For clarity of illustration, a balloon is not shown connected to struts 180 in FIG. 7D, even though it is an actual element of the occlusion device. Occlusion device 410 is for use with a delivery system. Other than as described hereinbelow, occlusion device 410 is similar to occlusion device 110, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7A-C, and may implement any of the features thereof, mutatis mutandis. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. Similarly, other than as described hereinbelow, the delivery system is similar to delivery system 20, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5, and may implement any of the features thereof, mutatis mutandis.

[0227] Occlusion device 410 comprises a valve 442, comprising elastomer sleeve 143 that surrounds a portion of actuating shaft 134. Elastomer sleeve 143 is configured to have a resting state in which the sleeve covers and seals the one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145, such that the valve is in a closed state (not shown in FIG. 7D, but similar to the state shown in FIG. 7C for occlusion device 110).

[0228] Unlike delivery system 120 of occlusion device 110, the delivery system of the present configuration does not comprise valve-opening prop 147. Instead, the delivery system comprises one or more guidewires 447, which: [0229] when in a propping position, such as shown in FIG. 7D, prop open and deform elastomer sleeve 143 such that elastomer sleeve 143 does not seal the one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145 and valve 442 is in an open state, and [0230] when in a non-propping position (not shown in FIG. 7D, but similar to the state shown in FIG. 7C for occlusion device 110), do not prop open elastomer sleeve 143, such that elastomer sleeve assumes the resting state and valve 442 is in the closed state.

[0231] For some applications, the one or more guidewires 447 pass through at least a portion of the one or more fluid-flow-path openings 145 when the one or more guidewires are in the propping position.

[0232] Reference is now made to FIG. 8, which is a schematic illustration of an occlusion device 210 for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention. Occlusion device 210 is for use with a delivery system 220. Occlusion device 210 may be implemented in combination with any of the other occlusion devices described herein, mutatis mutandis, including, but not limited to, any of the valves and/or locking mechanisms described herein, mutatis mutandis. Similarly, other than as described hereinbelow, delivery system 220 is similar to the other delivery systems described herein, and may implement any of the features thereof, mutatis mutandis. Like reference numerals refer to like parts.

[0233] Reference is also made to FIGS. 9A-B, which are schematic cross-sectional illustrations of occlusion device 210 and a distal portion of delivery system 220, in accordance with an application of the present invention. FIG. 9A-B show occlusion device 210 connected to delivery system 220. FIG. 9A shows occlusion device 210 with balloon 230 thereof in an elongated state, and FIG. 9B shows occlusion device 210 with balloon 230 in a shortened state.

[0234] Occlusion device 210 comprises: [0235] a compliant balloon 230 defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber 232; balloon 230 may have any of the properties of balloon 30, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5; [0236] an actuating shaft 234, which is (a) disposed at least partially within balloon chamber 232, (b) connected to a distal end portion 236 of balloon 230, and (c) longitudinally moveable with respect to a proximal end portion 238 of balloon 230 so as to set a distance between distal and proximal end portions 236 and 238 of balloon 230; and [0237] a valve 242, which, as mentioned above, may implement any of the features of the valves described herein.

[0238] Occlusion device 210 further comprises proximal LAA-orifice cover 70, which (a) is configured to assume a radially-compressed state and a radially-expanded state, (b) comprises frame 72 and covering 74 fixed to frame 72, and (c) when in the radially-expanded state, is generally orthogonal to actuating shaft 234 and has a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to actuating shaft 234, of at least 10 mm (e.g., at least 20 mm), no more than 50 mm (e.g., no more than 30 mm), and/or between 10 and 50 mm (e.g., between 20 and 30 mm).

[0239] Occlusion device 210 still further comprises an orifice-support stent 290, which is configured to enhance support at the orifice of the LAA. Orifice-support stent 290 is configured to be positioned at least partially within the LAA, such as entirely within the LAA. Orifice-support stent 290 is: [0240] fixed to and extends distally from proximal LAA-orifice cover 70, [0241] configured to assume a radially-compressed state (not shown) and a radially-expanded state (as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9A-B), and [0242] generally cylindrical when in the radially-expanded state.

[0243] As used in the present application, including in the claims and the Inventive Concepts, the phrase “generally cylindrical” is not limited to generally circularly cylindrical, and also includes within its scope other generally cylindrical shapes, such as generally elliptically cylindrical.

[0244] For some applications, orifice-support stent 290, when in the radially-expanded state, has (i) a greatest dimension, measured perpendicular to actuating shaft 234, of at least 8 mm, no more than 50 mm, and/or between 8 and 50 mm, and/or (ii) an axial length of at least 4 mm (e.g. at least 5 mm), no more than 30 mm, and/or between 4 and 30 mm.

[0245] For some applications, orifice-support stent 290 is not fixed to balloon 230, such that a shape of balloon 230 can change independently of a shape of orifice-support stent 290. Alternatively or additionally, lack of direct physical contact between orifice-support stent 290 and connecting struts 280 of occlusion device 210 prevents an anodic reaction between the typically super-elastic (e.g., Nitinol) material of struts 280 and the typically plastically deformable (e.g., stainless steel) material of orifice-support stent 290. Such a reaction might have occurred if the two elements were instead welded or otherwise bonded together in contact with each other. (Connection of the elements via an independent and passive element, such as an internal tube or shaft, also does not cause such a reaction.)

[0246] For some applications, orifice-support stent 290 comprises a super-elastic or plastically-deformable metal.

[0247] Typically, occlusion device 210 is configured such that inflation of balloon chamber 232 transitions orifice-support stent 290 from its radially-compressed state to its radially-expanded state. For some applications, because orifice-support stent 290 comprises a super-elastic metal, such as Nitinol, the stent, when crimped, will have a minimum diameter given by the thickness of its wall struts. When released, the stent tends to transition to its released diameter, which is higher than the crimped diameter. In configurations in which balloon 230 is inflated within the stent, the stent will over-stretch, and its diameter will be greater than its released diameter, to an extent that depends upon the design and ability of over-dilatation of the stent struts.

[0248] For some applications, occlusion device 210 further comprises a proximal tube 252, which is axially fixed with respect to proximal end portion 238 of balloon 230. For these applications, proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 is fixed to proximal tube 252 radially surrounding proximal tube 252, and is indirectly connected to balloon 230 via proximal tube 252 and is not directly connected to balloon 230.

[0249] Reference is now made to FIG. 10, which is a schematic illustration of an occlusion device 310 for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention. Occlusion device 310 is for use with a delivery system 320. Other than as described hereinbelow, occlusion device 310 is similar to occlusion device 10, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5, and may implement any of the features thereof, mutatis mutandis. Similarly, other than as described hereinbelow, delivery system 320 is similar to delivery system 20, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5, and may implement any of the features thereof, mutatis mutandis. Like reference numerals refer to like parts.

[0250] Reference is also made to FIG. 11, which is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of occlusion device 310 and a distal portion of delivery system 320, in accordance with an application of the present invention. Both FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show occlusion device 310 connected to delivery system 320. FIG. 10 shows occlusion device 310 with balloon 330 thereof in an elongated state, and FIG. 11 shows occlusion device 310 with balloon 330 in a shortened state, as described hereinbelow.

[0251] Occlusion device 310 comprises: [0252] a compliant balloon 330 defining a fluid-tight balloon chamber 332; balloon 330 may have any of the properties of balloon 30, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5; [0253] a proximal tube 352, which is axially fixed with respect to a proximal end portion 338 of balloon 330; [0254] a spring 353; and [0255] a valve 342, which may implement any of the features of the valves described herein.

[0256] Spring 353 is (a) disposed at least partially within balloon chamber 232, (b) connected (directly or indirectly, such as via a tube) to a distal end portion 336 of balloon 330 and proximal tube 352, and (c) has a relaxed length, as shown in FIG. 11. When spring 353 has the relaxed length, distal end portion 336 of balloon 330 is at a relaxed distance from proximal end portion 338 of balloon 330, as shown in FIG. 11.

[0257] Delivery system 320 is configured to be releasably connected to occlusion device 310. Delivery system 320 comprises a stylet 355, which is removably disposed through proximal tube 352 and within spring 353. Occlusion device 310 is configured such that a degree of distal advancement of stylet 355 within spring 353 sets a tensed length of spring 353, which in turn sets a tensed distance between distal and proximal end portions 336 and 338 of balloon 330, the tensed distance greater than the relaxed distance. One possible tensed distance is shown in FIG. 10.

[0258] Typically, during deployment of occlusion device 310 in the LAA, occlusion device 310 is advanced into the LAA with spring 353 in the elongated tensed state. Balloon chamber 332 is typically inflated while spring 353 is in the elongated tensed state, such as shown in FIG. 10, and valve 342 is transitioned to the closed state, such as using techniques described herein. Thereafter, stylet 355 is partially proximally withdrawn, allowing spring 353 to shorten to its resting state, as shown in FIG. 11.

[0259] For some applications, a distal end portion of stylet 355 is releasably connected to an occlusion-device connector 357 of occlusion device 310, which is connected to distal end portion 336 of balloon 330. (Even though stylet 355 would generally remain in place even if not connected to occlusion device 310, if not thus connected stylet 355 might become disengaged from the center of spring 353 and become entangled with spring 353 during maneuvering of occlusion device 310 and inflation of balloon 330 during deployment.) For these applications, stylet 355 is disconnected from occlusion-device connector 357 after spring 353 has been allowed to shorten. For example, the end portion of stylet 355 and occlusion-device connector 357 may define respective threads.

[0260] Optionally, stylet 355 is flexible, e.g., highly flexible, to accommodate variations in LAA anatomy, including curvature of the LAA.

[0261] Reference is now made to FIGS. 12A-B, 13A-B, and 14A-B, which are schematic illustrations of an occlusion device 510 for occluding an LAA, in accordance with an application of the present invention. Occlusion device 510 is for use with a delivery system, such as delivery system 20, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-4C; delivery system 120, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 6-7C; delivery system 220, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 8-9B; or delivery system 320, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 10-11, mutatis mutandis. Other than as described hereinbelow, occlusion device 510 is similar to occlusion device 10, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 1-5, and may implement any of the features thereof, mutatis mutandis. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. Alternatively or additionally, occlusion device 510 may optionally implement any of the features of occlusion device 110, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7A-C; occlusion device 210, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9A-B; occlusion device 310, described hereinabove with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11; and/or occlusion device 410, described hereinabove with reference to FIG. 7D, mutatis mutandis. By way of example and not limitation, occlusion device 510 may optionally comprise proximal LAA-orifice cover 70, such as shown in the figures. Similarly, these other occlusion devices described herein may optionally implement any of the features of occlusion device 510, mutatis mutandis.

[0262] FIGS. 12A-B show occlusion device 510 after sheath 82, shown in FIG. 3A, has been proximally withdraw, thereby releasing occlusion device 510, and allowing proximal LAA-orifice cover 70 to transition to its radially-expanded state. This is similar to the state of deployment of occlusion device 10 shown in FIG. 3B. Balloon 30 remains in a non-inflated, elongate configuration at this stage of deployment.

[0263] FIGS. 13A-B show occlusion device 510 upon partial inflation of balloon chamber 32.

[0264] FIGS. 14A-B show occlusion device 510 upon final inflation of balloon chamber 32. Balloon chamber 32 can be inflated at different final inflation levels, depending on the extent of radial expansion necessary for the particular anatomy of the LAA. Typically, occlusion device 510 is configured to be radially expandable to a diameter of between 15 and 40 mm, e.g., between 20 and 35 mm, such as between 15 and 35 mm.

[0265] Occlusion device 510 comprises connecting struts 580 fixed to distal end portion 36 of balloon 30 and to proximal end portion 38 of balloon 30. Struts 580 may implement any of the features of struts 80, described hereinabove, mutatis mutandis. First lateral portions 581A of struts 580 are arranged along a lateral surface of balloon 30. Second distal-end portions 581B of struts 580 are arranged on a distal surface of balloon 30. Third proximal-end portions 581C of struts 580 are arranged on a proximal surface of balloon 30. Typically, second distal-end portions 581B and third proximal-end portions 581C are generally straight. Typically, first lateral portions 581A are oriented parallel to a central longitudinal axis of occlusion device 510.

[0266] For some applications, distal interface portions 583A of struts 580 join first lateral portions 581A and second distal-end portions 581B, respectively, and/or proximal interface portions 583B join first lateral portions 581A and third proximal-end portions 581C, respectively. Occlusion device 510 is configured such that upon inflation of balloon chamber 32, distal interface portions 583A and proximal interface portions 583B are curved, such as shown in FIGS. 13A-B and 14A-B. (FIGS. 12A-B shown balloon chamber 32 uninflated, FIGS. 13A-B show balloon chamber 32 partially inflated, and FIGS. 14A-B show balloon chamber 32 finally inflated.) For some of these applications, distal interface portions 583A and/or proximal interface portions 583B have a serpentine (e.g., sinusoidal) shape, as shown. This serpentine shape causes distal interface portions 583A and/or proximal interface portions 583B to be more compliant than first lateral portions 581A, second distal-end portions 581B, and/or third proximal-end portions 581C. As a result, occlusion device 510, upon inflation and shortening of balloon 30, assumes a more cylindrical shape that it otherwise would. Optionally, first lateral portions 581A of struts 580 are generally straight, which also contributes to the cylindrical shape of occlusion device 510.

[0267] For some applications, distal end portions 585A of struts 580 join second distal-end portions 581B of struts 580 to distal end portion 36 of balloon 30, respectively, and/or proximal end portions 585B of struts 580 join third proximal-end portions 581C of struts 580 to proximal end portion 38 of balloon 30, respectively. Occlusion device 510 is configured such that upon inflation of balloon chamber 32, distal end portions 585A and proximal end portions 585B are curved. (FIGS. 12A-B shown balloon chamber 32 uninflated, FIGS. 13A-B show balloon chamber 32 partially inflated, and FIGS. 14A-B show balloon chamber 32 finally inflated.) For some of these applications, distal end portions 585A and/or proximal end portions 585B have a serpentine (e.g., sinusoidal) shape, as shown. This serpentine shape allows distal end portions 585A and/or proximal end portions 585B to elongate, thereby allowing occlusion device 510 to radially expand, such as to a diameter, for example, of between 15 and 40 mm, e.g., between 20 and 35 mm, such as between 15 and 35 mm. This serpentine shape also allows distal end portions 585A and/or proximal end portions 585B to selectively elongate, thereby accommodating expansion of balloon 30 to different extents in different radial directions.

[0268] For some applications, struts 580 are shaped so as to define a plurality of spikes 589 that extend from outer ends 599 (labeled in FIGS. 12A and 14A) of second distal-end portions 581B, respectively, and/or third proximal-end portions 581C, respectively. Spikes 589 are initially generally axially oriented, when balloon 30 is in a non-inflated, elongate configuration, as shown in FIGS. 12A-B. Spikes 589 are configured to extend more radially upon inflation of balloon chamber 32 to serve as tissue-engaging barbs, as shown in FIGS. 14A-B. The respective axes of spikes 589 may be parallel with or slightly angled with respect to axes of second distal-end portions 581B and third proximal-end portions 581C.

[0269] For some applications, distal interface portions 583A are shaped so as to define respective pairs of parallel serpentine (e.g., sinusoidal) struts 591A and 591B that define respective narrow elongate gaps 593 therebetween. When spikes 589 are initially generally axially oriented, as shown in FIGS. 12A-B, the spikes are disposed in respective gaps 593. Respective tips 595 of spikes 589 are disposed near respective end surfaces 597 of gaps 593 at respective junctions between the parallel serpentine struts 591A and 591B, such that the respective tips 595 of spikes 589 are protected by respective end surfaces 597 until the spikes are radially deployed. Alternatively or additionally, proximal interface portions 583B and their corresponding spikes 589 may implement this feature.

[0270] For some applications, connecting struts 580 further include closed stent cells 587 that connect adjacent pairs of first lateral portions 581A. Optionally, two or more closed stent cells 587 arranged in series connect the adjacent pairs of first lateral portions 581A (in the figures, exactly two closed stent cells 587 arranged in series are shown connecting the adjacent pairs of first lateral portions 581A); typically, no more than four closed stent cells 587 arranged in series, such as exactly two or three closed stent cells 587 arranged in series. These connections by closed stent cells 587 may help laterally stabilize first lateral portions 581A upon inflation of balloon chamber 32, and may help constrain the shape of balloon 30 upon inflation of balloon chamber 32, by helping limit radial expansion of the balloon out of the stent struts. These connections by closed stent cells 587 may alternatively or additionally stabilize the implantation of occlusion device 510 by friction, by providing a sufficiently large contract surface with the walls of the LAA. Optionally, a single series of two or more closed stent cells 587 connect adjacent pairs of first lateral portions 581A, as shown; alternatively, two or more series (e.g., exactly two series) of two or more closed stent cells 587 connect adjacent pairs of first lateral portions 581A (configuration not shown).

[0271] Typically, an average width of the struts of first lateral portions 581A equals at least 200% of an average width of the struts of closed stent cells 587, such as at least 250%, 300%, or 400%. As mentioned above, typically first lateral portions 581A are oriented parallel to a central longitudinal axis of occlusion device 510. The struts of closed stent cells 587 may have these thinner widths in order to allow expansion of the closed stent cells with the expansion of the balloon.

[0272] For some applications, closed stent cells 587 are shaped as respective rhombuses. Rhombuses can be radially compressed for delivery such that they predictably expand symmetrically, unlike many other stent shapes that tend to expand asymmetrically, such as S-shapes and serpentine shapes. Rhombuses also generally return to their original shape when plastically expanded for implantation after being plastically radially compressed for delivery. For some applications, the rhombuses may be shaped as squares and/or diamonds at certain levels of radial compression and expansion.

[0273] In an embodiment, the techniques and apparatus described herein are combined with techniques and apparatus described in one or more of the following patent applications, which are assigned to the assignee of the present application and are incorporated herein by reference: [0274] European Patent Application Publication EP 3 459 469 A1 to Maisano et al.; [0275] PCT Publication WO 2019/057950 to Maisano et al.; [0276] PCT Publication WO 2020/060587 to Maisano et al.; and/or [0277] U.S. Provisional Application 62/906,393, filed Sep. 26, 2019.

[0278] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather, the scope of the present invention includes both combinations and subcombinations of the various features described hereinabove, as well as variations and modifications thereof that are not in the prior art, which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description.