STRUCTURES AND METHODS FOR REMOVAL OF FRAMES FROM BEEHIVES AND A BEE-GATE

Abstract

A beehive for commercial or recreational beekeeping comprises: a plurality of frames and honeycomb frames in a beehive chamber; a mechanism for removing the honeycomb frames from the beehive chamber and inserting the honeycomb frames thereinto; a barrier, planar elements, fluid barrier, or any combination thereof adapted to move the honeycomb frames through while exiting the beehive chamber and to propel bees off the honeycomb frame while making sure the bees remain inside the beehive chamber.

Claims

1. A beehive comprising: a bee habitat section comprising a beehive chamber; an actuator; and a barrier mounted on the actuator and having an opening sized and shaped to encircle a plurality of sides of a honeycomb frame when the honeycomb frame is actuated by the actuator from the beehive chamber along a linear path, wherein when the honeycomb frame is actuated by the actuator from the beehive chamber said opening is of a sufficient size and structure to admit the honeycomb frame and propel bees off the honeycomb frame.

2. The beehive of claim 1, wherein the barrier includes a plurality of release openings, and wherein when substance is activated to flow from the release openings, the substance propels bees off the honeycomb frame and blocks bees from leaving the beehive chamber.

3. The beehive of claim 1, wherein when the honeycomb frame is actuated by the actuator from the beehive chamber, the actuator intermittently pauses movement of the honeycomb frame.

4. The beehive of claim 1, wherein the actuator comprises an attachment mechanism that is adapted to both, releasably connect to the honeycomb frame in order to pull the honeycomb frame from the beehive chamber; and release the honeycomb frame after insertion of the frame into the beehive chamber.

5. The beehive of claim 1, wherein the barrier further comprises a plurality of flexible protrusions.

6. The beehive of claim 1, wherein the barrier further comprises elements adapted to define a gap between them, and wherein the elements are movable such that said gap is variable.

7. (canceled)

8. The beehive of claim 5, wherein the plurality of flexible protrusions maintain a tight flexible connection with cells of the honeycomb frame.

9-18. (canceled)

19. The beehive of claim 2, wherein the substance is cooled or heated.

20. The beehive of claim 1, wherein the barrier is cooled or heated.

21-24. (canceled)

25. A method of actuating a honeycomb frame out from a beehive chamber comprising the steps of: providing a beehive comprising: a bee habitat section comprising the beehive chamber; an actuator; and a barrier mounted on the actuator, the barrier including: an opening sized and shaped to encircle a plurality of sides of a honeycomb frame when the honeycomb frame is actuated by the actuator from the beehive chamber along a linear path, moving, by the actuator, the honeycomb frame along the linear path and through the barrier; and extracting, by the actuator, the honeycomb frame from the beehive chamber.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising the steps of: pausing, by the actuator, intermittently during the extraction of the honeycomb frame from the beehive chamber.

27-29. (canceled)

30. The method of claim 25, wherein the barrier includes a plurality of release openings, and wherein when substance is activated to flow from the release openings, the substance propels bees off the honeycomb frame and blocks bees from leaving the beehive chamber.

31. The method of claim 30, comprising cooling or heating the substance.

32. The method of claim 25, wherein the actuator comprises an attachment mechanism that is adapted to both: releasably connect to the honeycomb frame in order to pull the honeycomb frame from the beehive chamber; and release the honeycomb frame after insertion of the frame into the beehive chamber.

33. The method of claim 25, wherein the barrier further comprises a plurality of flexible protrusions.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the plurality of flexible protrusions maintain a tight flexible connection with cells of the honeycomb frame.

35. The method of claim 25, wherein the barrier further comprises elements adapted to define a gap between them, and wherein the elements are movable such that said gap is variable.

36. The method of claim 25, comprising heating or cooling the barrier.

37. A system including: a plurality of honeycomb frames in chamber; and an actuator designed to extract a honeycomb from said camber; wherein a barrier mounted on the actuator propels bees off the honeycomb frame when the honeycomb frame is extracted.

38. A method of removing bees from a honeycomb frame, the method comprising actuating the honeycomb frame through an opening sized and shaped to encircle a plurality of sides of the honeycomb frame, the opening having size and structure to admit the honeycomb frame and propel bees off the honeycomb frame.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

[0015] Some embodiments of the invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of embodiments of the invention. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings makes apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the invention may be practiced.

[0016] In the drawings:

[0017] FIG. 1A is an isometric view of a barrier encircling a honeycomb frame according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0018] FIG. 1B is a side view of the barrier encircling the honeycomb frame according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0019] FIG. 1C is a top view of the barrier encircling the honeycomb frame according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] FIG. 1D is an enlarged top view of the barrier encircling the honeycomb frame according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0021] FIG. 1E is a perspective view of some embodiments of the barrier according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0022] FIG. 1F is a perspective view of some embodiments of the barrier according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0023] FIG. 2A is an isometric view of a fluid barrier encircling a honeycomb frame according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0024] FIG. 2B is a side view of the fluid barrier encircling the honeycomb frame according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0025] FIG. 2C is a view of the fluid barrier and fluid release openings on conduit of the fluid barrier according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0026] FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view of an automatic beehive in according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a unit of several beehive chambers with a frame actuator according to some embodiments of the present invention; and

[0028] FIG. 5 is an isometric enlarged view of an actuator according to some embodiments of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0029] The present invention, in some embodiments thereof, relates to a beehive and beehive system, more particularly, but not exclusively, to efficient automatic beehives where inspection of beehive honeycombs is required to maintain a healthy bee population. Thus, there is a long-felt need for providing a technical solution effectively separating bees from the honeycomb frames, as well as blocking bees from leaving the beehive, when the honeycomb frames are extracted from the beehive.

[0030] In some embodiments of the beehive system, there is a side-sliding configuration of beehive chambers and frames. As used herein the term frame is a structural element in a beehive that holds a honeycomb, brood comb or is spacer for the beehive. These frames include, but are not limited to a honeycomb frame, feeder frame, a queen excluder frame and a partition frame. In some embodiments of the beehive system, an actuator moves a honeycomb frame through a barrier and the barrier encourages the movement of bees off the honeycomb frame while the bees remain in a beehive chamber. In some embodiments of the beehive system, the actuator moves the honeycomb frame through a fluid barrier and a fluid flow encourages the movement of the bees thereon off the honeycomb frame while stopping the bees from leaving the beehive chamber. As used herein, “fluid” means a liquid, a gas or any combination thereof.

[0031] In some embodiments of the beehive system, the side-sliding configuration is a box-frames system that includes all the different frames in an unified automation-friendly system. In some embodiments, beehives and the different parts of the beehive use materials such as, but not limited to, silicones, soft plastics, polymeric foams and any combination thereof.

[0032] In some embodiments of the beehive system, an XYZ Cartesian robot is at the base of the beehive system and used to manipulate the different honeycomb frames and/or frames in the beehive chamber. In some embodiments of the beehive system, a combination of electric linear modules (belt and ball-screw driven) and pneumatic linear cylinders, grippers, grabbers and spears are used to manipulate the different honeycomb frames.

[0033] In some embodiments of the beehive system, data relating to the honeycomb frames are collected using a variety of sensors. In some embodiments of the beehive system, includes a non-transitory memory having stored thereon a code for execution by at least one hardware processor of a computing device, and when the code is executed, selected tasks according to embodiments of the disclosed technology are implemented. For example, hardware for performing selected tasks according to embodiments of the invention could be implemented as a chip or a circuit. As software, selected tasks according to embodiments of the invention could be implemented as a plurality of software instructions being executed by a computer using any suitable operating system. In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology, one or more tasks according to exemplary embodiments of method and/or system as described herein are performed by a data processor, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions. Optionally, the data processor includes a volatile memory for storing instructions and/or data and/or a non-volatile storage, for example, a magnetic hard-disk and/or removable media, for storing instructions and/or data. Optionally, a network connection is provided as well. A display and/or a user input device such as a keyboard or mouse are optionally provided as well.

[0034] Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components and/or methods set forth in the following description and/or illustrated in the drawings and/or the Examples. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways.

[0035] Referring now to the FIGS. 1A-D illustrates a structure of some embodiments of the beehive system. Structure 10 has a honeycomb frame 11 having bees 14 thereupon and a barrier 12. As used herein, “barrier” means an obstacle that prevents movement or access between spaces, and particularly of bees between spaces. In some embodiments, the structure 10 is in a beehive and barrier 12 is between a beehive chamber (see FIG. 3, 300) and an outside area of the beehive chamber. The area outside the beehive chamber may be a bee inspection section. In some embodiments, there are a plurality of honeycomb frames 11 in a beehive chamber, and at least one actuator (see FIGS. 4 and 5, 140) operable to align with a designated honeycomb and actuate or move the designated honeycomb through the barrier along a linear path. In some embodiments, the at least one actuator or an actuator are a mobile actuator. As used herein a “mobile actuator” means an actuator able to move or be moved freely or easily.

[0036] In some embodiments, barrier 12 is mounted on a mobile actuator and the barrier moves with the actuator. In some embodiments, the barrier is mounted as part of a cartesian robot system and moves with the cartesian robot. In some embodiments, barrier 12 has an opening sized and shaped to tightly encircle a plurality of sequential sides of honeycomb frame 11 when the honeycomb frame moves from the beehive chamber. As used herein, an “actuator” means a component of a machine or system responsible for moving and controlling an element of a system.

[0037] In some embodiments, a gap between an inner surface of the opening of barrier 12 and any side of the honeycomb frame is of a sufficient size and structure to receive the honeycomb frame and propel bees off the honeycomb frame. For example, the gap between an inner surface of the barrier and any side of the honeycomb frame may be in the range between 0.5 to 10 mm. As an example, FIG. 1B illustrates a portion 15 of honeycomb frame 11 outside of the beehive chamber that has no bees and an inside portion 16 of honeycomb frame 11 having bees 14. In some embodiments, the barrier is of sufficient size and structure to admit both the bees and the honeycomb frame for occasions that require both the bees 14 and the honeycomb frame 11 to leave the beehive chamber.

[0038] In some embodiments, barrier 12 further comprises a plurality of protrusions 13 for mechanically removing bees 14 from the honeycomb frame 11. In some embodiments, the protrusions 13 are mounted on an inner surface of the opening of barrier 12, such that protrusions 13 are perpendicular to any side of the honeycomb frame as it moves through the barrier. In some embodiments, the plurality of protrusions are flexible protrusions and there is no gap between the flexible protrusions. The flexible protrusions are adapted to move and flex to receive the honeycomb frame while still maintaining a tight flexible connection with cells of the honeycomb frame. The flexible protrusions 13 type may include, but is not limited to blades, combs, scrubbers, flaps, brushes or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the protrusions are made from a soft and durable material. Alternatively, the protrusions may be, but are not limited to, the following materials, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silicon, nylon, thermoplastic rubber (TPR), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), thin layered PVC, thin silicon sheet or any combination thereof. Alternatively, the material and thickness of the protrusions 13 are stiff enough to propel bees off the honeycomb frame while soft enough to not harm the wax surface of the honeycomb frame as it brushes against the protrusions.

[0039] Referring to FIG. 1E, in some embodiments, a barrier body 24 mounted on an actuator system has two parallel planar elements 18 defining a gap between the parallel planar elements that is sufficiently sized and shaped to allow an extraction of a honeycomb frame between the two parallel planar elements. The gap between the two planar elements may be in the range between 15 to 31 mm. In some embodiments, the actuator system further comprises planar actuators 20 and linear axis 22 and 26 to actuate the barrier body. In some embodiments, the planar actuators inserts the planar elements into the beehive chamber. The parallel planar elements are sized and shaped to be tightly adjacent to each of a bee habitat lateral sides of honeycomb frame 11. The parallel planar elements once inserted are adapted to receive the honeycomb frame and propel bees off the honeycomb frame and stop the bees from leaving the beehive chamber. A “bee habitat” as used herein means a natural home or environment for bees to live.

[0040] The beehive chambers also comprise frame openings for the honeycomb frames to exit and enter the beehive chambers. Removal of a honeycomb frame using the barrier body of FIG. 1E may additionally rely on a surround of the frame openings in the beehive chamber to deter bees 14 from leaving the beehive chamber.

[0041] The planar elements 18, in some embodiments, mount into slots 27 of the actuator system, and the slots vary in distance to each other. The varying slots 27 arrangement allows for control and adjustment of the gap between the planar elements.

[0042] FIG. 1F illustrates parallel planar elements 18 with flanges 19 for mounting onto an actuator system or a beehive chamber, in some embodiments of the current disclosure. The parallel planar elements further comprise flexible protrusions 30 that are, in some embodiments, flexible flaps. The planar elements, in some embodiments, are inserted into the beehive chamber and flexible protrusions 30 are perpendicular to each of a bee habitat lateral sides of honeycomb frame 11. The flexible protrusions 30 are flexible enough to receive the honeycomb frame and propel bees off the honeycomb frame. As the actuator extracts a honeycomb frame from the beehive chamber through flexible protrusions 30, the flexible protrusions bend and seal to surfaces of the bee habitat lateral sides of the honeycomb frame.

[0043] In some embodiments, the flexible protrusions 30 are flaps made of PVC canvas sheet, having a weight in the range between 415 to 425 grams per square meter. In some embodiments, the flexible protrusion 30 are flaps made of silicon sheets, TPR or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the flaps 30 are made of TPE with a Schur in the range between 40 to 80 and/or with a width in the range between 0.6 to1.2 mm.

[0044] In some embodiments, the flexible protrusions 30 are flaps that are cut perpendicular to a long edge of the flap. The cuts define a plurality of flap segments between cuts of the flexible protrusion, and each flap segment has the ability to bend separately. The flexibility of the flexible protrusions is important as the surface of the honeycomb frame or any frame is often uneven with grooves and bumps. Thus, the flexible protrusions bend and closely follow the lateral sides of the honeycomb frame and maintain a good seal while the frame moves through the barrier.

[0045] In some embodiments, each of the flap segments of the flexible protrusion are wider than a bee cell to ensure that each flap segment does not enter empty bee cells. In some embodiments, stoppers with springs, 28 are positioned against neighbouring honeycomb frames as the actuator extracts the desired honeycomb frame from the beehive chamber. These stoppers are operable to stop neighboring honeycomb frames inside the beehive chamber, from extracting with the desired honeycomb frame.

[0046] In some embodiments, barrier 12 is heated or cooled to propel the bees off the honeycomb. Temperatures in the range between 0 to 10 degrees Celsius are cold for bees 14 and temperatures in the range between 35 to 45 degrees Celsius are hot for the bees. Alternatively, parallel planar elements 18 may be heated or cooled for this same purpose. A plurality of systems for heating and cooling an element, such as the barrier, may be used without limiting the scope of the disclosed subject matter.

[0047] FIGS. 2A-C illustrates a structure of some embodiments of the beehive system. In this structure, fluid barrier 21 is between the beehive chamber and the area outside of the beehive chamber. As used herein, the term “fluid” refers to a liquid, a gas, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, fluid barrier 21 is a conduit 22 and is fluidly connected to a source of flowable fluid and has fluid release openings 23 positioned to flow fluid onto the honeycomb frame. As used herein, “fluidly connected,” refers to fluid capable of flowing back and forth between two chambers. When a flow of fluid is activated, the fluid flows onto a honeycomb frame to propel bees 14 off the honeycomb frame and deter bees from leaving the beehive chamber. The flow of fluid may be activated by, among other things, an input or a processor configured to execute code.

[0048] The fluid barrier and/or conduit, in some embodiments, surrounds a plurality of sequential sides of a honeycomb frame encircling an opening sized and shaped to tightly encircle the plurality of sequential sides of a honeycomb frame 11 when the honeycomb frame is moved from the beehive chamber in a linear path.

[0049] In some embodiments, the fluid that flows onto the honeycomb frame is a powerful flow operable to propel bees off the honeycomb frame and deter the bees from exiting the beehive chamber. In some embodiments, the fluid that flows onto the honeycomb frame is a liquid suspended in gas, such as mist and/or fog. In some embodiments, the fluid that flows onto the honeycomb frame is a gas. This gas may be any chemical that repels bees. In some embodiments, the fluid is water drops, and the water repels bees 14 and the bees move away from the water source. In some embodiments, the fluid is liquid. The liquid may be a chemical that repels bees. In some embodiments, the fluid (liquid, gas, or any combination) is heated or cooled. Temperatures in the range between 0 to 10 degrees Celsius are cold for bees 14 and temperatures in the range between 35 to 45 degrees are hot for the bees. These temperatures repel bees. Optionally, the fluid that is heated or cooled may be air. In some embodiments, the chemicals used to repel the bees are, but are not limited to, butyric acid, benzaldehyde, oil of bitter almonds or in any combination thereof, and they may be a gas, a liquid or droplets. In some embodiments, pneumatic properties flow the fluid onto the honeycomb frame.

[0050] In some embodiments, an actuator further comprises an attachment mechanism operable to releasably connect the actuator to the honeycomb frame, thus enabling the actuator to move the honeycomb frame. The attachment mechanism may be cylinders, grippers, grabbers, spears or any combination thereof. As an example, the attachment mechanism may be a spear that is pushed, by the actuator, into the frame to connect and move the honeycomb frame. To disconnect the spear from the honeycomb frame, the actuator pulls the spear out of the honeycomb frame. Any attachment mechanism of an actuator, for releasably connecting an actuator to the honeycomb frame, may be used without limiting the scope of the disclosed subject matter.

[0051] In some embodiments of the current disclosure, there is a method for moving the honeycomb frame through any element for propelling bees off the honeycomb frame, such that the bees remain in the beehive chamber. An actuator, controlled by human inputs or a processor configured to execute code, moves the honeycomb frame through an element. This element may be a barrier, planar elements, a fluid barrier, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the actuator intermittently pauses movement of the honeycomb frame through the element. As used herein, “pause,” “pausing” or “pauses” means a temporary interruption of an operation or stopping of a movement.

[0052] This stop and start method (also known as intermittent pausing) is advantageous because bees 14 naturally may exhibit herd behavior. As used herein, “herd behavior” means a group moving collectively without centralized direction. Therefore, when the bees are touched multiple times by either an element or fluid (gas, liquid or any combination thereof) the bees are more likely to exhibit herd behavior and move away from the honeycomb frame. In some embodiments, speed, distance or time moved before stops, and the duration of stops are all used in combinations and patterns to encourage the bees to move off the honeycomb frame. One example of this method would be to move the honeycomb frame in the direction of exiting the beehive chamber about 5 mm and then stop for about 1 second. After that continue moving the honeycomb frame by about 5 mm and then stop for about 2 second. Follow that with the continued movement of the honeycomb frame about 7 mm and stop for about 0.5 seconds. Yet another example of this method is to pause intermittently during the extraction of the honeycomb as follows: moving the honeycomb 5 mm per second speed pausing for about 2 seconds and then moving the honeycomb 3 mm followed by a 1 second pause. This pattern is repeated.

[0053] Reference is now made to FIG. 3 is a perspective cutaway view of a structure in some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. A beehive chamber 300 comprises a plurality of honeycomb frames 304 that are vertically placed one near the other in a row in the beehive chamber. In some embodiments, the actuator extracts a designated honeycomb frame 308 from the beehive chamber 300 through a barrier 12. In some embodiments, the honeycomb frame may be extracted and retracted back to its position using an actuator 306. In some embodiments, the actuator is inline with the designated honeycomb frame such as 308 and linearly actuates the honeycomb frame from the beehive chamber. In some embodiments, the actuator is at least one mobile actuator operable to align with a designated honeycomb and actuate the honeycomb 304 or 308 through the barrier 12 along a linear path.

[0054] In some embodiments, the actuator further comprises one or more motors and pushing rods. In some embodiments, the actuator further comprises a ball-screw linear actuator configured for removing and inserting the honeycomb frame from and in the beehive chamber. In some embodiments of the actuator, a motor drives the actuator and that motor may be a stepper motor. Other actuators and actuating systems may be used without limiting the scope of the disclosed subject matter. In some embodiments, a processor, configured to execute code, electrically connects to and controls the actuator. In some embodiments, the processor may be placed anywhere, including external to the beehive. In some embodiments, there is a wireless connection between the processor and the actuator.

[0055] Reference is now made to FIG. 4, presenting an internal isometric view of a system in some embodiments of the current disclosure. In some embodiments, there are a plurality of beehive chambers 110. In some embodiments, actuator 140 is displaceable along a main axis 142 which is parallel to a front (not shown) of beehive chambers 110. Optionally, a vent 136 is used for an air flow into/out of this beehive system. Camera 138, optionally captures images of honeycomb frames and transmits obtained images to a processor configured to analyze them. In some embodiments, a camera or sensor is mounted on an actuator system for extracting honeycomb frames. In some embodiments, opening 105 facilitates bees exiting or entering the beehives.

[0056] FIG. 5 is an enlarged isometric view of some embodiments of the actuator. A honeycomb frame (not shown) is placed into actuator 140 displaceable along main axis rails 158 by stepper motor 164. In some embodiments, the stepper motor engages a drag chain and linear drive belt 160 and 162, respectively. In some embodiments, actuator 140 connects to rails 158 via rotating table 146. The honeycomb frame is movable along loader rails 152 through a barrier 154 and securable by grabber 156. Linear displacement of the honeycomb frame along rails 152 is carried out by ball screw linear actuators 150.

[0057] It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from this application many relevant elements adapted to move a frame through and adapted to propel bees off the frame and block bees from leaving a beehive will be developed and the scope of the these terms are intended to include all such new technologies a priori.

[0058] As used herein the term “about” refers to ±30%

[0059] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, “including”, “having” and their conjugates mean “including but not limited to”.

[0060] The term “consisting of” means “including and limited to”.

[0061] As used herein, the singular form “a”, “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the term “a compound” or “at least one compound” may include a plurality of compounds, including mixtures thereof.

[0062] Throughout this application, various embodiments of this invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. The ranges are also meant to include the first and second indicated numbers and all the fractional and integral numerals therebetween. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0063] It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

[0064] Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.

[0065] It is the intent of the applicant(s) that all publications, patents and patent applications referred to in this specification are to be incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually noted when referenced that it is to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention. To the extent that section headings are used, they should not be construed as necessarily limiting. In addition, any priority document(s) of this application is/are hereby incorporated herein by reference in its/their entirety.