LEADLESS STARTING ACCUMULATOR BATTERY, PROCESSING METHOD AND ITS USE, PARTICULARLY FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES AND MOTOR VEHICLES

Abstract

Accumulator battery, the processing method and its use, especially for combustion engines and motor vehicles, consist in serial-parallel connection of at least one or more NiMHNickel-metal hydride cells and or Li-Ion Lithium-Ion cells and or Li-PolLithium polymer cells and ultracapacitors.

Claims

1.-6. (canceled)

7. An automotive battery comprising: an anode battery terminal and a cathode battery terminal; a plurality of serially connected cells each cell selected from a group consisting of NiMHNickel metal hydride cells, Li-IonLithium-Ion cells, and Li-PolLithium polymer cells, the cells being connected between the anode battery terminal and the cathode battery terminal thereby referencing the voltages of the anode battery terminal and the cathode battery terminal; and a plurality of serially connected ultracapacitors connected between the anode battery terminal and the cathode battery terminal thereby referencing the voltages of the anode battery terminal and the cathode battery terminal, the automotive battery being leadless, the serially connected cells and the serially connected ultracapacitors being parallel-connected at connection positions located between the anode battery terminal and the cathode battery terminal to define a parallel circuit between the anode battery terminal and the cathode battery terminal, wherein the automotive battery is configured to initiate ignition of a combustion engine.

8. An automotive battery according to claim 7, wherein said plurality of serially connected cells and said plurality of serially connected ultracapacitors are connected to form a monolithic block between the anode battery terminal and the cathode battery terminal.

9. An automotive battery according to claim 7, further comprising an electronic control unit connected between the serially connected ultracapacitors, the serially connected cells and one of the two terminals and configured for interruption if polarity of the battery is reversed.

10. An automotive battery according to claim 9, wherein the electronic control unit comprises at least a Zener diode, a voltage stabilizer, and a voltmeter module.

11. An automotive battery according to claim 7, further comprising a controller unit that includes a safety fuse connected between the serially connected cells and the serially connected ultracapacitor and is interrupted when the polarity of the battery is reversed.

12. A automotive battery according to claim 11, further comprising a zener diode connected to the safety fuse to provide current to the safety fuse when the polarity of the battery is reversed.

13. An automotive battery according to claim 7, wherein resistance of the plurality of the serially connected cells is three to ten times resistance of the plurality of serially connected ultracapacitors.

14. An automotive battery according to claim 7, wherein the cells and the ultracapacitors are connected to charge and discharge through the cathode battery terminal.

15. An automotive battery according to claim 7, wherein the automotive battery is made as a solid monolithic block, and wherein the solid monolithic block includes the cells and the ultracapacitors potted with epoxy.

16. An automotive battery according to claim 15, wherein the epoxy contains an aluminum-based thermally conducting filling agent.

17. An automotive battery according to claim 7, wherein the automotive battery is configured to operate in a temperature range of 40 to 60 C.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] FIG. 1 and FIG. 1B show circuit diagrams of serial-parallel connections of capacitors and cells of an accumulator battery according to the invention.

[0028] FIGS. 2A and 2B show charging and discharging of samples 1 and 2 respectively.

[0029] FIG. 3 shows an electronic control unit E.

[0030] FIG. 4 shows another electronic control unit E.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] Scheme 1 FIG. 1A)

[0032] The battery created by serial-parallel connection of 10 NiMH cells B with nominal capacity 22 Ah, nominal voltage 1, 2V and maximum discharging current 2 C, and 5 ultracapacitors C with capacity 400 F, nominal voltage 2, 7V and maximum current 500 A.

[0033] FIG. 2A

[0034] Specification of Accumulator Battery Charging and Discharging, According to Sample 1

[0035] Scheme 2 (FIG. 1B)

[0036] The battery created by serial-parallel connection of 110 NiMH cells B with nominal capacity 4, 5 Ah, nominal voltage 1, 2V and maximum discharging current 10 C, and 10 ultracapacitors C with capacity 400 F, nominal voltage 2, 7V and maximum current 500 A.

[0037] FIG. 2B

[0038] Specification of Accumulator Battery Discharging, According to Sample 2

[0039] The apparatus shown in FIG. 3 consist of safety fuse P with nominal current 40 mA, Zener diode D with working voltage 15V, and connection conductors of sufficient cross section size.

[0040] The apparatus shown in FIG. 4, in addition to previous installation, has voltage stabilizer S with working voltage 8V, and voltmeter M module that is able to measure and display the electric voltage between 0 to 20V.

[0041] The description of function of chosen samples of electronic control unit units E:

[0042] The unit E shown in FIG. 3 is composed of Zener diode D for 15V and safety fuse P with nominal current 40 mA, connected into series. When reversing the polarity of the battery, the Zener diode D is opening and the current flows through the safety fuse P which causes its interruption. When connection to power source whose voltage is higher than 15V the Zener diode D is channeled in inverse direction so that the voltage is stabilized. If the voltage of the power source rises over approx. 17V, the current flowing through the safety fuse P exceeds 40 mA and the fuse is consequently interrupted. The condition of safety fuse P, or eventually of Zener diode D, is indicating whether the change of accumulator battery polarity has occurred, or if it has been connected to the power source with higher voltage than specified in the documentation.

[0043] The unit E shown in FIG. 4 consists of above described block shown in FIG. 3 and the voltmeter M module, supplied with power through the voltage stabilizer S set to measuring range of 20V, is shunted to this unit. Except the information whether the change of polarity occurred in the past or whether it was connected to power source with higher voltage than specified in the documentation, this unit also shows actual voltage status of the battery.

[0044] In added figures and schemes the characteristics and electronic connections for particular samples of invention are displayed.

Industrial Utilization

[0045] This type of accumulator battery is primarily designed for initiation of compression-ignition and spark-ignition combustion engines and batteries for all types; above all it is ecologic, modern and maintenance-free substitution of existing lead batteries used in motor vehicles.

[0046] Further it may be used as a drive battery in electro mobiles, electric scooters, wheelchairs, etc. Moreover, the utilization is possible in back-up power supply systems and the like.

Examples of the Embodiment of the Technical Solution

Sample 1

[0047] According to scheme 1, the battery is created by serial-parallel connection of 10 NiMH cells B with nominal capacity 22 Ah, nominal voltage 1, 2V and maximum discharging current 2 C, and 5 ultracapacitors C with capacity 400 F, nominal voltage 2, 7V and maximum current 500 A. This pack of batteries and cells, after connection completion, is potted with epoxy into monolithic unit. Technical features of this apparatus are shown in Tab. 1. The process of charging, long term discharging and short term initiation discharging by high current is shown in FIG. 1. This battery is primarily designed for initiation of spark-ignition engines up to 100 kW and may replace ordinary lead auto batteries of capacity ranging between 36 and 45 Ah. This battery does not contain any electronic control or master units.

[0048] The cross sections of conductors in all inner joints have respective surface 10=.sup.2, are made of copper and particular parts are coupled with SnAg3 solder.

[0049] The final mechanic embodiment, the size, type of epoxy, filling agent, shape, output distribution and cross sections of conductors are subject to desired utilization.

[0050] For use in motor vehicles, the chosen size is 207175175 mm (LWH), output poles are of type 1 and the battery polarity is 0. The epoxy contains thermally conductive filling agent based on aluminum.

Sample 2

[0051] According to scheme 2, the battery is created by serial-parallel connection of 110 NiMH cells B with nominal capacity 4500 mAh, nominal voltage 1, 2V and maximum discharging current 40 C, and 10 ultracapacitors C with capacity 400 F, nominal voltage 2, 7V and maximum current 500 A. This pack of batteries and cells, after connection completion, is potted with epoxy into monolithic unit. Technical features of this apparatus are shown in Tab. 2. The process of charging, long term discharging and short term initiation discharging by high current is shown in FIG. 2. This battery is primarily designed for initiation of spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines up to 200 kW and may replace ordinary lead auto batteries of capacity up to 100 Ah. This battery contains electronic control unit E (FIG. 3, see description below) indicating whether the change of accumulator battery polarity has occurred in the past or if it has been connected to the power source with higher voltage than 15V.

[0052] The cross sections of conductors connecting cells B in series have respective surface 10=.sup.2, the cross sections of conductors connecting ultracapacitors C in series have surface 20=.sup.2 and connection terminals shunting all branches have surface 25=.sup.2. All conductors and terminals are made of copper and particular parts are coupled with SnAg3 solder.

[0053] The final mechanic embodiment, the size, type of epoxy, filling agent, shape, output distribution and cross sections of conductors are subject to desired utilization. For use in motor vehicles, the chosen size is 207175175 mm (LWH), output poles are of type 1 and the battery polarity is 0. The epoxy contains thermally conductive filling agent based on aluminum.