Spray nozzle

Abstract

Provided is a spray nozzle configured so that the angle of spray does not change even if the flow rate of liquid is adjusted largely. A circular conical primary hole narrowing toward the discharge-side front end is provided in a communicating manner at the discharge-side center of a primary flow passage extending along the center axis of a nozzle body, and a pair of secondary holes is provided on both sides of the primary hole in the width direction so as to communicate with the primary flow passage and the primary hole. The secondary holes are formed in an elongated shape, and portions of the long sides of the secondary holes on both sides, the portions facing each other across the primary hole, and both side portions of the primary hole are connected.

Claims

1. A spray nozzle in which a conical main hole which becomes narrower toward an injection side front end of a nozzle body is formed at a center of an injection-side front-end surface of a main flow path formed along a central axis of the nozzle body with said main hole communicating with said main flow path; and a pair of auxiliary holes is formed at both sides of said main hole in a width direction thereof with said auxiliary holes communicating with said main flow path and said main hole; said auxiliary holes are formed in an oblong shape; long-side portions of said auxiliary holes opposed to each other with said auxiliary holes sandwiching said main hole therebetween and both side portions of said main hole are communicated with each other; and a ratio of a major axis dimension (D2) of said auxiliary holes to a rear-end diameter (D1) of said main hole is set to: D1:D2=1:0.7 to 1:1.2; and a cut is formed on an injection side end surface of said nozzle body in a diametrical direction parallel with a major axis direction of said auxiliary holes to form an injection port by cutting out an arc-shaped front end portion of said main hole with said cut; wherein in a state where a flow rate of a liquid with respect to a constant amount of pressure air fluctuates within a range of a turndown ratio of 1:40, a fluctuation angle of a spray angle is set to not more than five degrees; wherein a gas-liquid mixture fluid of a liquid consisting of water and a gas consisting of compressed air is introduced into said main flow path of said nozzle body; said main hole is formed in a sectionally circular shape, and said auxiliary holes are formed in a sectionally oblong shape; a ratio of a minor axis dimension D3 of said auxiliary holes to said rear-end diameter D1 of said main hole is set to: D1:D3=1:0.3 to 1:0.7; and a ratio of said major axis dimension D2 of said auxiliary holes to said minor axis dimension D3 thereof is set to: D3:D2=1:1.5 to 1:2.5.

2. The spray nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle body is disposed integrally or connectedly at a front end of a gas-liquid mixture fluid supply pipe having a rectifying plate mounted thereon; and a liquid supply pipe and a gas supply pipe are connected to a proximal side of said gas-liquid mixture fluid supply pipe with said liquid supply pipe being orthogonal to said gas supply pipe; and said rectifying plate provides a plurality of separate flow paths parallel with said central axis of said nozzle body.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIGS. 1(A)-1(C) show a spray nozzle of a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1(A) is a sectional view taken along an axial line; FIG. 1(B) is a sectional view taken along a line B-B of FIG. 1(A); and FIG. 1(C) is a left-side view.

(2) FIG. 2(A) is a sectional view taken along a line A-A of FIG. 1(A); FIG. 2(B) is a schematic view showing a main hole and an auxiliary hole in comparison; FIG. 2(C) shows an overlapped portion where the main hole and the auxiliary hole overlap each other; and FIG. 2(D) is a sectional view taken along a line D-D of FIG. 1(A).

(3) FIG. 3 shows a rectifying plate and is a sectional view taken along a line E-E of FIG. 1(A).

(4) FIGS. 4(A) through 4(C) are sectional views for explaining the operation of the spray nozzle.

(5) FIG. 5 shows experimental results.

(6) FIG. 6(A) is a sectional view showing a first modification of the rectifying plate; FIG. 6(B) is a sectional view showing a second modification of the rectifying plate; and FIG. 6(C) is a sectional view showing a third modification of the rectifying plate.

(7) FIGS. 7(A) and 7(B) show a second embodiment, in which FIG. 7(A) is a sectional view of a nozzle body; and FIG. 7(B) is a schematic view showing a main hole and an auxiliary hole.

(8) FIGS. 8(A) and 8(B) show modifications of the auxiliary hole of the second embodiment.

(9) FIGS. 9(A) through 9(C) show a conventional art.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(10) The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings.

(11) FIGS. 1 through 4 show a first embodiment.

(12) A spray nozzle 10 of the first embodiment consisting of a two-fluid nozzle is disposed in a secondary cooling zone of a continuous casting apparatus to spray cooling mist to a slab from above the slab.

(13) As shown in FIG. 1(A), the spray nozzle 10 is formed by sequentially connecting a rectifying adaptor 2 to a nozzle body 1, a gas-liquid mixture fluid supply pipe 3 (hereinafter referred to as fluid supply pipe 3) consisting of a straight pipe to the rectifying adaptor 2, and a mixing adaptor 4 to the gas-liquid mixture fluid supply pipe 3 with central axes X thereof being aligned with one another. A main flow path 1a of the nozzle body 1, a main flow path 2a of the rectifying adaptor 2, a main flow path 3a of the fluid supply pipe 3, and a main flow path 4a of the mixing adaptor 4 communicate with one another with the central axes X thereof being aligned with one another. A compressed air supply pipe 5 is connected to a rear-end opening 4b of the main flow path 4a of the mixing adaptor 4. A liquid supply pipe 6 is connected to the main flow path 4a at a right angle thereto.

(14) As shown in FIG. 1(B), a main hole 11 is formed at a center of an injection-side front-end surface 1e of the main flow path 1a formed along the central axis X with the main hole 11 communicating with the main flow path 1a. A pair of auxiliary holes 12, 13 is formed at both sides of the main hole 11 with the auxiliary holes 12, 13 communicating with the main flow path 1a and the main hole 11.

(15) More specifically, the nozzle body 1 is approximately cylindrical. A hollow part of the nozzle body is formed as the main flow path 1a sectionally circular. The main hole 11 is formed at the center of the front end surface 1e of the main flow path 1a sectionally circular. The auxiliary holes 12, 13 sectionally oblong are formed at both sides of the main hole 11. The auxiliary holes 12, 13 are continuous with the main hole 11.

(16) The main hole 11 is formed conically by gradually decreasing a sectional area of a flow path of the main hole 11 toward an axial front end of the injection side thereof. The front end of the main hole 11 is arc-shaped to form a arc-shaped front end portion 11a positioned proximately to an injection side end surface 1s of the nozzle body 1.

(17) A pair of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 is symmetrical with respect to the central axis X. The arc-shaped front end portions 12a, 13a are formed at the spray side front ends of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 respectively. The distance between positions of the arc-shaped front end portions 12a, 13a and the injection side end surface 1s is a little longer than or equal to the distance between the position of the arc-shaped front end portion 11a of the main hole 11 and the injection side end surface 1s. That is, the arc-shaped front end portions 12a, 13a of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 are not projected to the spray side beyond the arc-shaped front end portion 11a of the main hole 11.

(18) As shown in FIG. 1(C), a cut 14 sectionally concave is diametrically formed into the injection side end surface 1s of the nozzle body 1. The cut 14 is formed parallel with a long-side direction Y1 of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 and is so tapered that it becomes gradually deeper toward its center. As shown in FIG. 1(B), a width 14w of the cut 14 is so set that the cut 14 does not interfere with the auxiliary holes 12, 13 disposed at both sides of the main hole 11. The cut 14 interferes with the arc-shaped front end portion 11a of the main hole 11, thus cutting out only the arc-shaped front end portion 11a to form an oblong injection port 15. The width of the cut 14 is increased toward both ends at an outer peripheral side thereof to form guide concave portions 14a, 14b at both ends of the injection port 15 in its longitudinal direction. The widths of the guide concave portions 14a, 14b gradually increase toward the outer peripheral edge of the spray-side end surface of the nozzle body.

(19) The auxiliary holes 12, 13 are formed in a sectionally oblong shape. Long-side portions of the left and right auxiliary holes 12, 13 disposed at the main hole side overlap both side portions of the main hole 11. The auxiliary holes 12, 13 are continuous with the main hole 11 at overlapped portions Z1, Z2 shown with crossed diagonal lines in FIG. 2(C). As described above, the main hole 11 is conical in such a way as to become gradually narrower toward the injection port 15 and is sectionally circular. At the rear end of the main hole 11 at which the main hole 11 has a maximum area, namely, at a boundary position between the rear end of the main hole 11 and the front end surface 1e of the main flow path 1a, the outer periphery of the main hole 11 is coincident with a central point Yo of each of the auxiliary holes 12, 13. Because the main hole 11 is conical in such a way as to become gradually narrower toward its front end, the sectional areas of the overlapped portions Z1, Z2 become gradually smaller toward the spray-side end surface of the nozzle body.

(20) The ratio of a major axis dimension (D2) of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 to a rear-end diameter (D1) of the main hole 11 is set to: D1:D2=1:0.7 to 1:1.2. Because the main hole 11 is sectionally circular, the rear-end diameter (D1) thereof is the diameter of the rear end of the main hole 11.

(21) The ratio of a minor axis dimension D3 of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 to the rear-end diameter D1 of the main hole 11 is set to: D1:D3=1:0.3 to 1:0.7.

(22) The ratio of the major axis dimension D2 of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 to the minor axis dimension D3 thereof is set to: D3:D2=1:1.5 to 1:2.5.

(23) The reason the ratio of the minor axis dimension D3 of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 to the rear-end diameter D1 of the main hole 11 and the ratio of the minor axis dimension D3 of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 to the major axis dimension D2 thereof are set to the above-described ranges is because an inflow rate of a gas-liquid mixture fluid into the auxiliary holes 12, 13 is secured at a required amount and a stirring amount of the gas-liquid mixture fluid which flows into the main hole 11 from the auxiliary holes 12, 13 is secured at a required amount. In a case where the minor axis dimension D3 of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 is set smaller than the above-described range, the area of the overlapped portion where the main hole 11 and the auxiliary holes 12, 13 overlap each other becomes smaller and as a result, the stirring effect becomes smaller. On the other hand, in a case where the minor axis dimension D3 of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 is set larger than the above-described range, there occurs a problem that the nozzle body becomes large.

(24) A front insertion portion 2b of the rectifying adaptor 2 is inserted into a rear-end opening 1g of the main flow path 1a of the nozzle body 1 and threadedly engaged thereby. Thereby the rectifying adaptor 2 is coupled to the main flow path 1a. The rectifying adaptor 2 is cylindrical. A hollow portion of the rectifying adaptor 2 serves as the main flow path 2a. A rectifying plate 18 is mounted on the main flow path 2a at an intermediate position thereof.

(25) As shown in FIG. 3, the rectifying plate 18 is composed of four small cylinders 18a through 18d continuously arranged at intervals of 90 degrees. The diameter of a virtual circle surrounding the four small cylinders 18a through 18d is set equally to that of the main flow path 2a. A fitting concave portion 2v is annularly formed on a peripheral surface of the main flow path 2a to press-fit a peripheral portion of the rectifying plate 18 to the fitting concave portion 2v. By disposing the rectifying plate 18 on the main flow path 2a, nine separate flow paths 2d parallel with the central axis X are formed.

(26) A length L3 of the rectifying plate 18 is set to 5 mm to 30 mm. A front end position of the rectifying plate 18 is spaced 3 cm to 6 cm from the injection port 15 of the nozzle body 1.

(27) A front insertion portion 3b of the fluid supply pipe 3 consisting of a straight pipe is inserted into a rear-end opening of the rectifying adaptor 2 and threadedly engaged thereby. Thereby the fluid supply pipe 3 is coupled to the rectifying adaptor 2.

(28) A front insertion portion 4g of the mixing adaptor 4 is externally fitted on a rear portion of the fluid supply pipe 3 and threadedly engaged thereby. Thereby the mixing adaptor 4 is coupled to the fluid supply pipe 3. The main flow path 4a of the mixing adaptor 4 communicates with the main flow path 3a whose diameter is approximately equal to that of the main flow path 4a. A liquid insertion pipe 4c is orthogonally inserted into an opening formed at one side portion of the main flow path 4a and fixed to the opening. The liquid supply pipe 6 is coupled to a front end opening 4d of the liquid insertion pipe 4c. An orifice 4e is formed on the liquid insertion pipe 4c by reducing the sectional area of the flow path so as to flow pressurized water into the main flow path 4a from a side thereof.

(29) A small-diameter flow path 4h is formed continuously with the rear end of the main flow path 4a of the mixing adaptor 4. A large-diameter insertion hole 4j is formed continuously with the small-diameter flow path 4h. The compressed air supply pipe 5 is inserted into the rear-end opening 4b of the main flow path 4a and coupled thereto.

(30) In the mixing adaptor 4, compressed air is flowed from the compressed air supply pipe 5 into the main flow path 4a through the small-diameter flow path 4h. The compressed air and the pressurized water which has flowed into the main flow path 4a sideways collide and mix with each other.

(31) The compressed air supply pipe 5 supplies air set to a required pressure by a compressor (not shown) to the spray nozzle 10 at a constant flow rate.

(32) Water set to a required pressure by a pump (not shown) is supplied to the liquid supply pipe 6 by adjusting its amount in a wide range of a turndown ratio of 1:40.

(33) The operation of the spray nozzle 10 of the present invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 4(A) through 4(C). Pressure air set to the required pressure is supplied into the mixing adaptor 4 from the compressed air supply pipe 5 serving as the gas supply pipe. Water is supplied from the liquid supply pipe 6 into the mixing adaptor 4 in a direction orthogonal to the mixing adaptor 4 to allow the pressure air and the water to collide and mix with each other. A gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ which is the mixture of the water and the pressure air is flowed from the mixing adaptor 4 to the rectifying adaptor 2 through the fluid supply pipe 3 and rectified through the rectifying plate 18 inside the rectifying adaptor 2. The rectified gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ flows into the main flow path 1a inside the nozzle body 1.

(34) A gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ-c disposed at a central portion of the main flow path 1a flows into the main hole 11, whereas a gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ-s disposed at both sides of the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ-c flows into the auxiliary holes 12, 13 disposed at both sides of the main hole 11.

(35) About half of each of the auxiliary holes 12, 13 in the long sides thereof overlaps the main hole 11 at both sides thereof. In the overlapped portions Z1, Z2, the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ-s which has flowed into the auxiliary holes 12, 13 flows into the main hole 11 from the side thereof and collide and mix with the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ-c which has flowed into the main hole 11. Thereby the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ is stirred. The stirring accelerates the homogenization of the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ.

(36) As shown in FIG. 4(C), the homogenized gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ is injected outward from the oblong injection port 15 disposed at the front end of the main hole 11. The injection port 15 is so constructed that it is sandwiched between both sidewalls of the cut 14 and that the guide concave portions 14a, 14b are extended continuously with both ends of the injection port 15 in its longitudinal direction. Thus the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ injected from the injection port 15 spreads to both sides of the injection port 15 along the guide concave portions 14a, 14b. Thereby the flow rate of the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ which flows directly below the spray nozzle is decreased, whereas the flow rate of the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ which flows to both sides of the injection port 15 is increased. Thus the gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ forms a trapezoidal spray pattern having a range in which a uniform flow rate is long. In addition, droplets in the injected gas-liquid mixture fluid AQ are atomized and mixed with the pressure air to form a homogenized spray. Therefore supposing that the amount of the pressure air is constant, a spray angle which forms a spray pattern hardly fluctuates and it is possible to provide an almost uniform liquid volume distribution and hitting power distribution within a spray range, even though a liquid amount is changed.

(37) Tables of FIG. 5 show results of experiments conducted by using the spray nozzle of the above-described embodiment.

(38) In the tables of FIG. 5,

(39) Pa (air pressure): MPa

(40) Pw (liquid pressure): MPa

(41) Qa (amount of air): NL/minute

(42) Qw (amount of liquid): L/minute

(43) H (distance from position directly below nozzle): mm

(44) 50% injection angle shown in the tables means an angle calculated by a trigonometric function from a spray height and a spread dimension at a ratio of 50% with respect to a highest value in a flow rate distribution set to 100.

(45) As shown in the tables of FIG. 5, the amount of air (Qa) was set to a constant amount of 200 NL/minute. The amount of liquid (Qw) was changed as follows: 1.0 L/minute.fwdarw.2.0 L/minute.fwdarw.10.0 L/minute.fwdarw.20.0 L/minute.fwdarw.30.0 L/minute.fwdarw.40.0 L/minute. As a result, the 50% injection angle fluctuated only three degrees as shown below: 111 degrees.fwdarw.111 degrees.fwdarw.112 degrees.fwdarw.109 degrees.fwdarw.111 degrees.fwdarw.109 degrees. The flow rate distributions and the hitting power distributions were almost uniform.

(46) As described above, it is possible to increase the turndown ratio of the spray nozzle 10 of the present invention set as the liquid flow rate control range to 1:40 which is twice of the conventional turndown ratio. Therefore the spray nozzle is adaptable for different thicknesses of slab, different installed regions of the spray nozzle, and different spray time zones by changing a liquid amount and is responsive to demands of high-mix low-volume production.

(47) The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The rectifying plate may have constructions of modifications shown in FIGS. 6(A), 6(B), and 6(C).

(48) The rectifying plate 18 of a first modification shown in FIG. 6(A) has a configuration, namely, a so-called feather type in which eight partitioning plates 18s are radially formed from the center thereof.

(49) The rectifying plate 18 of a second modification shown in FIG. 6(B) has a configuration, namely, a so-called vane type in which eight partitioning plates 18f are projected from a peripheral surface of a central cylindrical portion 18e at equiangular intervals.

(50) The rectifying plate 18 of a third modification shown in FIG. 6(C) has a configuration, namely, a so-called perforated type in which four holes 18h are formed through a sectionally circular body 18i as separate flow paths at intervals of 90 degrees. The perforated type has an advantage of allowing the separate flow paths to be sectionally circular and preventing corners from being formed.

(51) FIGS. 7(A) and 7(B) show a spray nozzle of a second embodiment.

(52) In the spray nozzle of the second embodiment, a main hole 11-2 communicating with a front end of the main flow path 1a of the nozzle body 1 is formed in a sectionally oblong shape. A long side direction Y1 of the main hole 11-2 is disposed parallel with the long side direction Y1 of auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2, having a sectionally oblong shape, which are disposed at both sides of the main hole 11-2. A short-side direction Y2 of the main hole 11-2 is also parallel with that of the auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2.

(53) The ratio of a major axis dimension of the main hole 11-2 at its rear end in its long-side direction Y1 to a minor axis dimension of the main hole 11-2 at its rear end in its short-side direction Y2 is set to 1:1 to 1.2, preferably 1:1 to 1.4.

(54) The opposed long-side portions of the auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2 overlap both sides of the main hole 11-2 at its long sides to form the overlapped portions Z1, Z2 shown with crossed diagonal lines in FIG. 7(A).

(55) Because the other constructions and the operation and effect of the second embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted herein.

(56) FIGS. 8(A) and 8(B) show a modification of the auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2 of the second embodiment whose configuration is changed. The main hole 11-2 is formed in a sectionally circular shape as in the case of the auxiliary hole of the first embodiment.

(57) As shown in FIG. 8(A), long sides 12s, 13s of both auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2 which are disposed uncontinuously with and opposite to the long sides thereof continuous with the main hole 11-2 are formed not straightly but bulged outward in the shape of a circular arc so that both auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2 are formed in a sectionally elliptic shape. This configuration is capable of increasing the amount of a fluid which flows from the auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2 into the main hole 11-2 from its side and the spray angle.

(58) As shown in FIG. 8(B), the long sides 12m, 13m of both auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2 disposed uncontinuously with and oppositely to the long sides thereof continuous with the main hole 11-2 are tilted inward toward the center in the longitudinal direction thereof to form the outer long sides 12m, 13m of the auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2 in a gourd shape. This configuration is capable of decreasing the amount of a fluid which flows from the auxiliary holes 12-2, 13-2 into the main hole 11-2 from its side and the spray angle.

(59) The spray nozzle of the first embodiment is formed as the two-fluid nozzle in which the mixing adaptor is connected to the liquid supply pipe and the gas supply pipe to spray the gas-liquid mixture fluid. But the spray nozzle of the present invention may be formed as a one-fluid nozzle in which only the liquid supply pipe is connected to the fluid supply pipe 3 to flow only the liquid to the nozzle body 1 of the first embodiment through the rectifying adaptor 2 so that the one-fluid nozzle sprays an atomized liquid.

(60) The fluid supply pipe continuous with the nozzle body through the rectifying adaptor may be formed not as the straight pipe, but as a curved pipe.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS AND NUMERALS

(61) 1: nozzle body 2: rectifying adaptor 3: gas-liquid mixture fluid supply pipe 4: mixing adaptor 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a: main flow path 5: compressed air supply pipe 6: liquid supply pipe 10: spray nozzle 11: main hole 12, 13: auxiliary hole 14: cut 14a, 14b: guide concave portion 15: injection port 18: rectifying plate Z1, Z2: overlapped portion X: central axis