HOT WORKING DIE STEEL WITH HIGH THERMAL STRENGTH AND HIGH TOUGHNESS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS THEREOF

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of die steel, and particularly discloses a hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness and a manufacturing process thereof. The hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness includes the following components in percentage by mass: 0.20-0.40% of carbon, 0.05-0.20% of silicon, 0.30-0.60% of manganese, 1.00-4.00% of chromium, 0.50-1.50% of molybdenum, 0.20-0.60% of vanadium, 0.60-1.00% of cobalt, 0.06-0.16% of titanium, 0.03-0.08% of yttrium, 0.03-0.08% of niobium, 0.005-0.012% of phosphorus, 0.003-0.008% of sulfur, and a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

Claims

1. A hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.20-0.40% of carbon, 0.05-0.20% of silicon, 0.30-0.60% of manganese, 1.00-4.00% of chromium, 0.50-1.50% of molybdenum, 0.20-0.60% of vanadium, 0.60-1.00% of cobalt, 0.06-0.16% of titanium, 0.03-0.08% of yttrium, 0.03-0.08% of niobium, 0.005-0.012% of phosphorus, 0.003-0.008% of sulfur, and a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

2. The hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.30-0.40% of carbon, 0.05-0.10% of silicon, 0.20-0.30% of manganese, 2.00-3.00% of chromium, 0.80-1.20% of molybdenum, 0.30-0.50% of vanadium, 0.70-0.90% of cobalt, 0.08-0.12% of titanium, 0.04-0.06% of yttrium, 0.04-0.06% of niobium, and a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

3. The hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 2, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35% of carbon, 0.08% of silicon, 0.25% of manganese, 2.50% of chromium, 1.00% of molybdenum, 0.40% of vanadium, 0.80% of cobalt, 0.1% of titanium, 0.05% of yttrium, 0.05% of niobium, and a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

4. The hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of titanium to vanadium is 1:4.

5. The hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of yttrium to niobium is 1:1.

6. A manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: material smelting: smelting and refining scrap steel, silicon manganese, ferrosilicon, titanium, vanadium, niobium and rare earth yttrium in a furnace body, vacuum degassing, and casting into a steel ingot, with the scrap steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25-0.45% of carbon, 0.05-0.18% of silicon, 0.33-0.65% of manganese, 1.6-4.2% of chromium, 0.6-1.8% of molybdenum, 0.7-1.2% of cobalt, sulfur≤0.02%, phosphorus≤0.02%, and a balance of iron; diffusion annealing: keeping the steel ingot at a high temperature of 1100° C.-1200° C. for 9-15 h; forging: multidirectionally forging the steel ingot after diffusion annealing, to obtain a forging blank; post-forging heat treatment: cooling the forging blank to 600° C. in a mist cooling mode, air-cooling to 300° C., keeping the air-cooled forging blank at 950° C.-1150° C. for 8-10 h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a heat-treated forging blank; dehydrogenating and annealing: keeping the heat-treated forging blank at 600° C.-700° C. for 25-30 h, cooling to 150-200° C. at a rate of ≤35° C./h during which the temperature is kept for 3-5 h each time the temperature is reduced by 100° C., discharging from a furnace and cooling to room temperature to obtain a dehydrogenated annealed forging blank; and tempering heat treatment: holding the dehydrogenated annealed forging blank at 550° C.-600° C. for 15-20 h, cooling the forging blank to 200° C. or below, and air-cooling to obtain the hot working die steel.

7. The manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 6, wherein a heating rate in the steps of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing, and tempering heat treatment is 8° C.-13° C./min.

8. The manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 6, wherein a cooling rate in the steps of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing, and tempering heat treatment is 15° C.-20° C./h.

9. The manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 6, wherein the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.20-0.40% of carbon, 0.05-0.20% of silicon, 0.30-0.60% of manganese, 1.00-4.00% of chromium, 0.50-1.50% of molybdenum, 0.20-0.60% of vanadium, 0.60-1.00% of cobalt, 0.06-0.16% of titanium, 0.03-0.08% of yttrium, 0.03-0.08% of niobium, 0.005-0.012% of phosphorus, 0.003-0.008% of sulfur, and a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

10. The manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 6, wherein the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.30-0.40% of carbon, 0.05-0.10% of silicon, 0.20-0.30% of manganese, 2.00-3.00% of chromium, 0.80-1.20% of molybdenum, 0.30-0.50% of vanadium, 0.70-0.90% of cobalt, 0.08-0.12% of titanium, 0.04-0.06% of yttrium, 0.04-0.06% of niobium, and a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

11. The manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 10, wherein the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35% of carbon, 0.08% of silicon, 0.25% of manganese, 2.50% of chromium, 1.00% of molybdenum, 0.40% of vanadium, 0.80% of cobalt, 0.1% of titanium, 0.05% of yttrium, 0.05% of niobium, and a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

12. The manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 9, wherein a weight ratio of titanium to vanadium is 1:4.

13. The manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness according to claim 9, wherein a weight ratio of yttrium to niobium is 1:1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] With the rapid development of industry, more and more die steels are used. As one of the steels, hot working die steels are often used in high-temperature and high-pressure working environment. Therefore, hot working die steels with high thermal strength and high toughness are needed to achieve normal industrial use and prolong the service life of the die. The most commonly used hot working die steel is 4Cr5MoSiV1(H13) steel, however, for many severe high-temperature and high-pressure production environments, 4Cr5MoSiV1(H13) steel also performs poorly. The inventors have found that, by adding cobalt, titanium, yttrium and niobium and adjusting the content of each component in the steel, the high-temperature stability of the steel can be well improved.

EXAMPLES

Examples 1-6

[0036] The manufacturing process of the hot working die steel with high thermal strength and high toughness is exemplified by Example 1 below, including the following steps:

[0037] Material smelting: smelting and refining scrap steel, silicon manganese, ferrosilicon, titanium, vanadium, niobium and rare earth yttrium in a furnace body, vacuum degassing, and casting into a steel ingot, in which the scrap steel included the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25-0.45% of carbon, 0.05-0.18% of silicon, 0.33-0.65% of manganese, 1.6-4.2% of chromium, 0.6-1.8% of molybdenum, 0.7-1.2% of cobalt, sulfur≤0.02%, phosphorus≤0.02%, and a balance of iron. The smelting mode was as follows. After the material was completely melted, when the molten steel temperature was ≥1600° C., slags were removed, the molten steel was fully stirred and sampled to perform chemical composition analysis, and tapping was performed when the carbon equivalent weight Ceq was controlled to be ≥0.93. The carbon equivalent weight Ceq is calculated according to the following formula: Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5. White ash was added into the steel ladle in an amount of 0.25-0.3% of the total converter material. The refining mode was as follows. The molten steel was transferred into an LF furnace for refining, and Ar was blew from the bottom of the LF furnace, with a flow rate of Ar being 1.1-1.2 L/min and a pressure of Ar being 0.2-0.3 MPa, and simultaneously silicon carbide and calcium carbide were added into the LF furnace for electrifying and slagging. Alkalinity was adjusted according to slag amount, that is, for a total slag amount of 0.007 kg-0.01 kg/t steel, the alkalinity was controlled to be 2.5-4.0. After the molten steel temperature was ≥1570° C., ferrotitanium was added, and the mass percentage of Ti in ferrotitanium was 28-30%. After the molten steel reached the following components of 0.20-0.40% of carbon, 0.05-0.20% of silicon, 0.30-0.60% of manganese, 1.00-4.00% of chromium, 0.50-1.50% of molybdenum, 0.20-0.60% of vanadium, 0.60-1.00% of cobalt, 0.06-0.16% of titanium, 0.03-0.08% of yttrium, 0.03-0.08% of niobium, 0.005-0.012% of phosphorus, and 0.003-0.008% of sulfur, calcium iron wire was added into the LF furnace, rare earth was added in an amount of 0.05-0.08 g/kg steel, and the SiO.sub.2 content in the slag was controlled to be ≤10% after the LF refining was finished. The molten steel was cast to form an ingot.

[0038] Diffusion annealing: the steel ingot was kept at a high temperature of 1100° C. for 9 h.

[0039] Forging: multidirectional forging was performed on the steel ingot after diffusion annealing to obtain a forging blank.

[0040] Post-forging heat treatment: the forging blank was cooled to 600° C. in a mist cooling mode, then air-cooling was performed until the temperature dropped to 200° C. or below, then the air-cooled forging blank was kept at 950° C. for 8 h, and then air-cooling was performed to 200° C. or below to obtain a heat-treated forging blank.

[0041] Dehydrogenating and annealing: the heat-treated forging blank was kept at 600° C. for 25 hours, and cooled to 250° C. or below to obtain the dehydrogenated annealed forging blank.

[0042] Tempering heat treatment: the dehydrogenated annealed forging blank was kept at 550° C. for 15 hours, the forging blank was cooled to 200° C. or blow, and then air-cooling was performed to room temperature to obtain the hot working die steel.

[0043] In the steps of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing and tempering heat treatment, the heating rate was 8° C./min, and the cooling rate was 15° C./h.

[0044] As shown in Table 1, the hot working die steels with high thermal strength and high toughness of Examples 1 to 6 differ mainly in the mass percentage of each component in the steels.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Components of Die Steels of Examples 1-6 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Carbon 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.035 Silicon 0.05 0.12 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.08 Manganese 0.30 0.04 0.60 0.20 0.30 0.25 Chromium 1.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 2.50 Molybdenum 0.50 1.00 1.50 0.80 1.20 1.00 Vanadium 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.30 0.50 0.40 Cobalt 0.60 0.80 1.00 0.70 0.90 0.80 Titanium 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.08 0.12 0.12 Yttrium 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.06 Niobium 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.06 Phosphorus 0.005 0.01 0.012 0.005 0.005 0.005 Sulfur 0.003 0.004 0.008 0.003 0.003 0.003 Iron and 97.022 95.096 91.36 95.482 93.352 94.687 inevitable impurities Aggregate 100 100 100 100 100 100

Examples 7-10

[0045] As shown in Table 2, Examples 7 to 9 are mainly different from Example 6 in that the weight ratio of titanium to vanadium in the steel is different, and Example 10 is mainly different from Example 6 in that the weight ratio of yttrium to niobium in the steel is different. The hot working die steels of Examples 7-10 are manufactured by the same process as in Example 1.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Components of Die Steels of Examples 7-10 Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Carbon 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 Silicon 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Manganese 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Chromium 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 Molybdenum 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Vanadium 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.40 Cobalt 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Titanium 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Yttrium 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 Niobium 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Phosphorus 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 Sulfur 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 Iron and 94.707 94.807 94.607 94.737 inevitable impurities Aggregate 100 100 100 100

Example 11

[0046] Example 11 differed from Example 7 in that the temperature in the diffusion annealing step was 1200° C. and the preservation time was 15 h. The post-forging heat treatment was performed as follows: the forging blank was firstly cooled to 600° C. in a mist cooling mode, then air-cooled to 200° C., then the air-cooled forging blank was kept at 1150° C. for 10 hours, and then air-cooled to 200° C. or below to obtain the heat-treated forging blank. The dehydrogenating and annealing were performed as follow: the heat-treated forging blank was kept at 700° C. for 30 hours, cooled to 200° C. at the rate of 15° C./h during which the temperature was kept for 4 hours each time the temperature was reduced by 100° C., and then it was discharged out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature to obtain the dehydrogenated annealed forging blank. The tempering heat treatment was performed by keeping the dehydrogenated annealed forging blank at 600° C. for 20 h, cooling the forging blank to below 200° C., and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the hot working die steel.

Example 12

[0047] Example 12 differed from Example 7 in that the temperature in the diffusion annealing step was 1150° C. and the preservation time was 12 h. The post-forging heat treatment was performed as follows: the forging blank was firstly cooled to 600° C. in a mist cooling mode, then air-cooled to 200° C., then the air-cooled forging blank was kept at 1050° C. for 9 h, and then air-cooled to 200° C. or below to obtain the heat-treated forging blank. The dehydrogenating and annealing were performed as follow: the heat-treated forging blank was kepted at 650° C. for 28 hours, and cooled to below 250° C. to obtain the dehydrogenated annealed forging blank. The tempering heat treatment was performed by keeping the dehydrogenated annealed forging blank at 580° C. for 18 h, cooling the forging blank to 200° C., and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the hot working die steel.

[0048] In the steps of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing and tempering heat treatment steps, the heating rate was 13° C./min, and the cooling rate was 15° C./h.

Example 13

[0049] Example 13 differed from Example 12 in that in the steps of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing and tempering heat treatment the heating rate was 10° C./min.

Example 14

[0050] Example 14 differed from Example 12 in that in the steps of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing and tempering heat treatment the heating rate was 10° C./min and the cooling rate was 20° C./h.

Example 15

[0051] Example 15 differed from Example 12 in that in the steps of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing and tempering heat treatment the heating rate was 10° C./min and the cooling rate was 17° C./h.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE

Comparative Example 1

[0052] The hot working die steel of Comparative Example 1 was a commercially available 4Cr5MoSiV1(H13) steel having a chemical composition of 0.35% by mass of carbon, 0.1% by mass of silicon, 0.4% by mass of manganese, 5% by mass of chromium, 1.5% by mass of molybdenum, 1.0% by mass of vanadium, 0.003% by mass of sulfur, and 0.005% by mass of phosphorus, with a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

[0053] Property Test Experiment

[0054] Detection Method/Test Method

[0055] Tensile strength test: tensile strength tests were performed according to GB/T 2975-1 standard and five sets of data were averaged.

[0056] Impact strength test: impact strength tests were performed according to NADCA #207-90 standard and five sets of data ere averaged.

[0057] The test results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Mechanical Property Values for Various Examples and Comparative Example Tensile Yield Impact strength at strength at strength at 500° C. 500° C. 500° C. (Mpa) (Mpa) (J/m.sup.2) Example 1 1258 1163 33.2 Example 2 1303 1194 35.7 Example 3 1287 1175 33.6 Example 4 1313 1201 37.8 Example 5 1324 1223 41.9 Example 6 1413 1320 55.2 Example 7 1420 1331 56.1 Example 8 1367 1289 48.9 Example 9 1388 1296 50.2 Example 10 1356 1281 48.2 Example 11 1408 1314 54.9 Example 12 1415 1322 55.4 Example 13 1411 1319 55.1 Example 14 1417 1323 55.7 Example 15 1423 1334 56.4 Comparative 1100 900 23.7 Example 1

[0058] As can be seen in conjunction with all Examples with Comparative Example 1 and Table 3, the tensile strength, yield strength and impact strength of all examples at 500° C. are higher than those of Comparative Example 1, which indicates that the hot working die steel prepared by the present application has higher thermal strength and toughness and better comprehensive properties.

[0059] In conjunction with Examples 1-6 and Table 3, it can be seen that Examples 4-6 exhibit overall higher tensile strength, yield strength, and impact strength at 500° C. than Examples 1-3, in which the comprehensive properties of Example 6 are the best, indicating that the comprehensive properties of the steel can be improved by adjusting the contents of the components of the hot working die steel. The optimum composition is 0.35% of carbon, 0.08% of silicon, 0.25% of manganese, 2.50% of chromium, 1.00% of molybdenum, 0.40% of vanadium, 0.80% of cobalt, 0.1% of titanium, 0.05% of yttrium, and 0.05% of niobium, with a balance of iron and inevitable impurities.

[0060] In conjunction with Examples 7-9 and Table 3, it can be seen that Example 7 exhibits overall higher tensile strength, yield strength, and impact strength at 500° C. than Examples 8 and 9, exhibiting good thermal strength and toughness, indicating that the thermal strength and toughness of the steel can be improved when the weight ratio of titanium to vanadium is adjusted to 1:4, and the weight ratio of yttrium to niobium is 1:1, so that the steel has better comprehensive properties.

[0061] In conjunction with Examples 7 and 11-12 and Table 3, it can be seen that the diffusion annealing temperature and preservation time have certain effects on the overall properties of the hot working die steel during the manufacturing process; the temperature and heat preservation of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing and tempering heat treatment also have some effects on the overall properties of the material. In conjunction with Examples 12-16, it can be seen that the heating rate and the cooling rate in the steps of post-forging heat treatment, dehydrogenating and annealing and tempering heat treatment have a certain influence on the overall property of the steel, but the steel still has good thermal strength and high toughness.

[0062] The specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to be limiting of the present application, and modifications of the embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art after reviewing the description which do not involve an inventive step. The protection sought herein is as long as it is within the scope of the claims appended hereto.