WELLHEAD SEALING DEVICE OF SUCKER-ROD PUMPING MACHINE

Abstract

Provided is a wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine, including a flexible connection unit, and further including a blowout prevention unit, a closing unit, a declination rectification unit and a lubrication unit, wherein the flexible connection unit is arranged between a wellhead and a packing box, and includes a lower flexible sealing sleeve (37), a lower flexible sealing sleeve housing (12), a sealing steel ring (11) and an upper flexible sealing sleeve (10). Portions above the flexible connection unit follow integrally a polished rod (7) constantly to swing, such that a packing (9) is dynamically coaxial with the polished rod (7) and the problem of eccentric wear of the packing can be completely solved. Furthermore, the device can also solve the problems of static coaxiality and lubrication between the polished rod (7) and the packing (9), as well as the problem of blowout prevention when the polished rod (7) is broken off.

Claims

1. A connection unit, which is arranged between a wellhead and a packing box and can be used for sealing the wellhead of a sucker-rod pumping machine, wherein the connection unit is a flexible connection unit.

2. The connection unit according to claim 1, wherein when a polished rod is non-coaxial with a packing within the packing box during the operation of the sucker-rod pumping machine, the flexible connection unit is linked with the packing, so that the packing follows the polished rod to move to achieve dynamic coaxiality.

3. The connection unit according to claim 2, wherein the flexible connection unit comprises a lower flexible sealing sleeve (37), a lower flexible sealing sleeve housing (12), a sealing steel ring (11)) and an upper flexible sealing sleeve (10).

4. The connection unit according to claim 3, wherein the upper-half part of the upper flexible sealing sleeve is of an inverted conical cylinder, and the lower-half part thereof is of a cylinder with a groove, and the upper flexible sealing sleeve is clamped on a packing outer sleeve (8) by the groove.

5. The connection unit according to claim 3, wherein the lower flexible sealing sleeve (37) is provided with a reducing cylinder at the lower part.

6. A wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine, comprising the connection unit according to claim 1, wherein the flexible connection unit can be arranged at any position between a wellhead and a packing box.

7. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine, comprising the connection unit according to claim 6, wherein the sealing device further comprises a blowout prevention unit, a closing unit and a declination rectification unit.

8. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 7, wherein the blowout prevention unit comprises a blowout prevention ball (48), the blowout prevention ball (48) is provided with a round hole with an appropriate size and with a diameter thereof as a central axis, and when the sucker-rod pumping machine operates, a polished rod (7) passes through the round hole.

9. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 8, wherein the blowout prevention ball (48) is provided with a plugging hemisphere with a smaller specific gravity at one side, and a blowout prevention balancing weight (49) with a larger specific weight at the other opposite side; when the pumping machine normally operates, the inner wall of the lower edge of the hemisphere at one side of a blowout prevention ball balancing weight (49) is always in slight contact with the polished rod (7), the blowout prevention ball (4) is in a ready state, and when the polished rod (7) of the pumping machine is broken off, the blowout prevention ball (48) is rotated to push the plugging hemisphere to an upper pipeline under the action of the blowout prevention ball balancing weight (49).

10. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 9, wherein a supporting spring (30), a lower supporting ring (29) and an upper bracket (28) are sequentially freely placed into a cavity of a wellhead clamp joint (26) from the bottom up, a rotation shaft of a blowout prevention ball (48) is freely placed in a groove of the upper bracket (28), the wellhead clamp joint (26) is in threaded connection with a declination rectification base (25) and fixed by a declination rectification base pin (27), and the wellhead clamp joint (26) is sealed with the declination rectification base (25) by a wellhead clamp joint sealing gasket (47).

11. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 7, wherein the declination rectification unit connects a declination rectification sealing ring (23), a dual-hemispherical centralizer (20) and a horizontal compression ring (21) into a whole by a flexible connecting sleeve (22).

12. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 11, wherein the declination rectification unit further comprises a declination rectification base (25) and a declination rectification pressure cap pin (24).

13. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 12, wherein the declination rectification sealing ring (23) with a declination rectification sealing ring upper sealing gasket (45), the dual-hemispherical centralizer (20), and the horizontal compression ring (21) with a horizontal compression ring upper sealing gasket (41) and a horizontal compression ring lower sealing gasket (43) are sequentially freely placed on the declination rectification base (25) with a movable space from the bottom up, the flexible connecting sleeve (22) is sleeved on the horizontal compression ring (21) and the declination rectification sealing ring (23), a declination rectification pressure cap (44) is in threaded connection with the declination rectification base (25) and fixed by a declination rectification pressure cap pin (24).

14. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 7, wherein the closing unit comprises a positioning device.

15. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 7, wherein a positioning device of the closing unit comprises semi-conical polished positioning blocks (16).

16. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 15, wherein the closing unit sequentially comprises a closing packing (19), two semi-conical polished positioning blocks (16), and a closing packing compression ring (15) with a closing packing compression ring upper sealing gasket (38) and a closing packing compression ring lower sealing gasket (40), a non-return oil collection ring (14) and a closing unit base (18) from the bottom up.

17. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 16, wherein during closing, the two semi-conical polished positioning blocks (16) forcibly centers and locks the polished rod (7); and during normal operation, the two semi-conical polished positioning blocks (16) automatically leave from the polished rod (7) without wear.

18. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 8, wherein the wellhead sealing device is provided with a lubrication unit, which provides a solid lubricant (35) and a liquid lubricant between the polished rod (7) and the packing (9).

19. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 18, wherein the lubrication unit comprises a solid lubricator, the solid lubricator is installed between the packing (9) and the top of the wellhead sealing device, and the solid lubricant (35) is enabled to always slightly press the polished rod (7) by a pressure device.

20. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 18, wherein the lubrication unit comprises a non-return oil collection ring (14) which can be arranged at any position between a wellhead and a packing box.

21. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 20, wherein the non-return oil collection ring (14) can continuously store crude oil in a cavity above it to play a role of lubrication.

22. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 8, wherein a packing (9) in the packing box can constantly follow the polished rod (7) to move, so as to achieve dynamic coaxiality between the packing (9) and the polished rod (7).

23. The wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine according to claim 22, wherein the packing (9) is as follows: the packing (9) is placed into a packing outer sleeve (8), a packing compression ring (5) is inserted in the packing outer sleeve (8), a lower knuckle bearing (4), an upper knuckle bearing (3), a pressure bearing (2), and a packing box pressure cap (1) are sequentially sleeved on the packing compression ring (5), a packing box pressure cap (1) is in threaded connection with a closer pressure cap (13), and there is no contact between the packing outer sleeve (8) and the packing box pressure cap (1) and there is a lateral movement space therebetween.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] FIG. 1 is a front view of a wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine;

[0028] FIG. 2 is a front view of a flexible connection unit of a wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine;

[0029] FIG. 2-1 is an upper flexible sealing sleeve of a flexible connection unit;

[0030] FIG. 2-2 is a lower flexible sealing sleeve of a flexible connection unit;

[0031] FIG. 3 is a front view of a wellhead sealing device, including a packing box, a flexible connection unit and a lubrication unit, of a sucker-rod pumping machine;

[0032] FIG. 4 is a front view of a closing unit and a declination rectification unit of a wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine;

[0033] FIG. 5 is a front view of a blowout prevention state of a blowout prevention unit; and

[0034] FIG. 6 is a front view of a lubricator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiment 1

[0035] A declination rectification unit (achieving static coaxiality): in order to overcome the problem that an existing declination rectification technique is difficult to operate and determine, the present invention designs a declination rectification unit that cooperates with a closing unit.

[0036] Among them, the declination rectification unit is shown in FIG. 4. A declination rectification base (25) is in threaded connection with a wellhead clamp joint (26) of a blowout prevention unit, and sealed by a wellhead clamp joint sealing gasket (47), a horizontal compression ring (21) and a declination rectification pressure cap (44) are sleeved on a dual-hemispherical centralizer (20), the dual-hemispherical centralizer (20) is welded coaxially with a closer base (18), a declination rectification sealing ring upper sealing gasket (45) and a declination rectification sealing ring low sealing gasket (46) are embedded in a declination rectification sealing ring (23), a horizontal compression ring upper sealing gasket (41) and a horizontal compression ring lower sealing gasket (43) are embedded in a horizontal compression ring (21), the declination rectification sealing ring (23), the dual-hemispherical centralizer (20) and the horizontal compression ring (21) are freely placed on the declination rectification base (25) with a movable space from the bottom up, a flexible connecting sleeve (22) is sleeved on the horizontal compression ring (21) and the declination rectification sealing ring (23), the declination rectification pressure cap (44) is in threaded connection with the declination rectification base (25) and fixed by a declination rectification pressure cap pin (24), the declination rectification sealing ring (23), the dual-hemispherical centralizer (20) and the horizontal compression ring (21) are connected into a whole by the flexible connecting sleeve (22) to ensure overall movement of the declination rectification sealing ring (23) the dual-hemispherical centralizer (20) and the horizontal compression ring (21) without affecting the realization of a centralizing function.

[0037] Among them, a closing unit is shown in FIG. 4. A closing packing (19), semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16), a closing packing compression ring (15) with a closing packing compression upper sealing gasket (38) and a closing packing compression lower sealing gasket (40) and a non-return oil collection ring (14) are sequentially put into a closing unit base (18) from the bottom up, the two semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16) when they are combined are completely consistent with a lower cavity of the closing packing compression ring (15) in shape, a round hole is formed between the two semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16), an inner diameter of the round hole is equal to a diameter of the polished rod (7), a closer pressure cap (13) is in threaded connection with the closing unit base (18) and fixed by a closing pressure cap pin (17), the closer pressure cap (13) and the closing packing compression ring (15) are sealed through the closing packing compression upper sealing gasket (38) therebetween, the closing packing compression ring (15) and the closing unit base (18) are sealed through the closing packing compression lower sealing gasket (40) therebetween; during closing, the closing packing compression ring (15) moves downward, driving the two semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16) to automatically enter a conical space of the closing packing compression ring (15), and the polished rod (7) is forcibly centered and locked while in the well is closed, the problem that whether the existing declination rectification technology difficultly determines whether the two semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16) are in place is solved through this simple operation; during opening, the closing packing compression ring (15) is lifted by a closing packing compression ring lifting pin (39); the two semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16) leave naturally away from the conical space of the closing packing compression ring (15), and the semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16) freely move between the closing packing (19) and the closing packing compression ring (15), the two semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16) placed in the closing unit are free from wear during normal operation; and during closing, the polished rod (7) is forcibly centered and locked while the closing packing (19) is compacted.

[0038] The closing unit and the declination rectification unit cooperate to realize static declination rectification, with specific operation steps as follows: the closer pressure cap (13) is screwed, the closing packing compression ring (15) moves downwards to drive the two semi-conical polished rod positioning blocks (16) to automatically enter the conical space of the closing packing compression ring (15); the polished rod (7) is forcibly centered and locked while the well is closed, at this moment, the polished rod (7) has deviated from a natural position and then the declination rectification pressure cap (44) is properly unscrewed, a handbrake of the pumping machine is released to let the polished rod (7) drive the dual-hemispherical centralizer (20) to move upwards one time through the closing unit, and tightened to continue to properly unscrew the declination rectification pressure cap (44) to completely release constrains on the entire action component of the declination rectification unit, the polished rod (7) is shaken several times to drive the action component of the declination rectification unit to integrally move to a suitable position while bringing the polished rod (7) back to the natural position, so as to realize declination rectification, then the declination rectification pressure cap (44) is rapidly screwed, the declination rectification unit is locked while centralizing is realized, then a closer is opened, the polished rod is in a natural state, and changes in position, the static declination rectification unit is automatically accurately adjusted into position without human judgment, and static coaxiality of the packing and the polished rod is realized.

Embodiment 2

[0039] Since a sucker-rod pumping machine is in operation, a movement trajectory of a polished rod (7) must not be a straight line, but it is always accompanied by vibration and swing, that is, there is a transverse motion component, resulting in eccentric wear of a packing (9); a design of a wellhead sealing device of the prior art does not take objective requirements of dynamic declination rectification into account. The wellhead sealing device of the sucker-rod pumping machine of the present invention includes a flexible connection unit. As shown in FIG. 2, a lower flexible sealing sleeve (37) is placed into a lower flexible sealing sleeve housing (12), a sealing steel ring (11) is inserted downwards into the lower flexible sealing sleeve (37), an upper flexible sealing sleeve (10) is embedded into the bottom of a packing outer sleeve (8), and freely placed on the sealing steel ring (11), and the sealing steel ring (11) and a closer pressure cap (13) are both connected with the upper flexible sealing sleeve (10) and the lower flexible sealing sleeve (37) through a boss to meet sealing requirements. As shown in FIG. 3, there is enough space among the sealing steel ring (11), the lower flexible sealing sleeve housing (12) and a closer pressure cap (13) to meet movement requirements; when the sucker-rod pumping machine operates, the flexible connection unit is linked with the packing (9), the flexible connection unit swings integrally with the polished rod (7) under the drive of the packing (9); the flexible connection unit is arranged between the wellhead and a packing box, portions above the flexible connection unit follow integrally the polished rod (7) constantly to swing, so that dynamic coaxiality between the packing (9) and the polished rod (7) is realized, and the problem of eccentric wear of the packing (9) due to incapability of the packing to follow the polished rod to move since the packing box is rigidly connected with the wellhead in the prior art is thoroughly solved. The upper flexible sealing sleeve (10) is characterized by an inverted conical cylinder at the upper-half part, which facilitates the sealing with the packing outer sleeve (8); and characterized by a cylinder with a groove at the lower-half part, the upper flexible sealing sleeve (10) is clamped on the packing outer sleeve (8) by the groove; and the lower flexible sealing sleeve (37) is characterized by a reducing cylinder at the lower part, which facilitates the combination with the lower flexible sealing housing (12) and prevents the flexible sealing sleeve (37) from moving out of the lower flexible sealing sleeve housing (12) due to an excessive pressure, and the upper flexible sealing sleeve (10) and the lower flexible sealing sleeve (37) are made of a special organic material, which enable dynamic sealing.

[0040] The wellhead sealing device of the sucker-rod pumping machine of the present invention further includes a packing box and the like. As shown in FIG. 3, the packing (9) is placed in the packing outer sleeve (8), the packing compression ring (5) is inserted in the packing outer sleeve (8), a lower knuckle bearing (4), an upper knuckle bearing (3), a pressure bearing (2), and a packing box pressure cap (1) are sequentially sleeved on the packing compression ring (5), the packing box pressure cap (1) is in threaded connection with a closer pressure cap (13), and there is no contact between the packing outer sleeve (8) and the packing box pressure cap (1) and there is a lateral movement space therebetween; and when the sucker-rod pumping machine operates, the polished rod (7) drives the packing (9), the flexible connection unit, the lower knuckle bearing (4), the upper knuckle bearing (3) and the pressure bearing (2) to move freely, so that dynamic coaxiality between the packing (9) and the polished rod (7) is realized.

Embodiment 3

[0041] In order to overcome the defects of misoperation and non-operation of a blowout prevention unit of the prior art, the present invention fully adopts a principle of a spherical valve. As shown in FIG. 5, a supporting spring (30), a lower supporting ring (29) and an upper bracket (28) are sequentially freely placed into a cavity of a wellhead clamp joint (26) from the bottom up, a rotation shaft of a blowout prevention ball (48) is freely placed in a groove of the upper bracket, the wellhead clamp joint (26) is in threaded connection with a declination rectification base (25) and fixed by a declination rectification base pin (27), and the wellhead clamp joint (26) is sealed with the declination rectification base (25) by a wellhead clamp joint sealing gasket (47). The blowout prevention ball (48) is provided with a round hole with an appropriate size and with a diameter thereof as a central axis, the blowout prevention ball (48) is provided with a plugging hemisphere with a smaller specific gravity at one side, and a blowout prevention balancing weight (49) with a larger specific weight at the other opposite side; when the pumping machine normally operates, the polished rod (7) passes through the round hole, and the plugging hemisphere of the blowout prevention ball (48) is in a stock state without any wear, the inner wall of the lower edge of the hemisphere at one side of the blowout prevention ball balancing weight (49) is always in slight contact with the polished rod (7), the blowout prevention ball balancing weight (49) and the plugging hemisphere are in a horizontal state that are almost orthogonal to the polished rod, and a presence state of the polished rod (7) is determined, and a break-off signal of the polished rod (7) is acquired; and when the polished rod (7) of the pumping machine is broken off, the blowout prevention ball (48) is instantaneously rotated to push the plugging hemisphere to an upper pipeline under the action of the blowout prevention ball balancing weight (49), effective plugging may be effectively performed as long as a liquid has a pressure, and double risks of misoperation and non-operation of the blowout prevention unit are overcome.

Embodiment 4

[0042] When a sucker-rod pumping machine operates, since a polished rod (7) penetrates through a packing box, both ends of the packing box are opened to the outside. In order to overcome the problems that a liquid lubricant cannot be stored in the packing box for a long period of time and quantitatively and constantly supplying the liquid lubricant can not be controlled in the prior art, the wellhead sealing device of the sucker-rod pumping machine of the present invention is provided with a lubrication unit for continuously and quantitatively providing the solid lubricant (35) and a liquid lubricant between the polished rod (7) and the packing (9). The lubrication unit includes a solid lubricator and a non-return oil collection ring (14). As shown in FIG. 3, a rain water diversion pipe (6) is in threaded connection with a packing compression ring (5), and a U-shaped connecting member (31) is inserted into a round hole of the packing compression ring (5) and fixed by a pin. As shown in FIG. 6, a waterproof sealing ring (36) is embedded in the U-shaped connecting member (31), and the U-shaped connecting member (31) is in threaded connection with a solid lubricant housing (32), the solid lubricant (35), the pressure spring (34) and a plug (33) are sequentially put into the solid lubricant housing (32), and the pressure spring (34) pushes the solid lubricant (35) to slightly press the polished rod (7); when the pumping machine operates, the polished rod (7) continuously adheres the solid lubricant (35), the solid lubricant (35) is continuously accumulated at a contact surface of the packing (9) and the polished rod (7), and the solid lubricant (35) is continuously and quantitatively provided between the packing (9) and the polished rod (7). As shown in FIG. 4, the non-return oil collection ring (14) is installed between the closer pressure cap (13) and the closing packing compression ring (15), the non-return oil collection ring (14) is an annular elastic mesh body with a certain thickness, with an inner diameter which is equivalent to a diameter of the polished rod (7), and its adsorption to crude oil is far superior to that of steel, rubber, and the like; when the pumping machine is in an upstroke, a pressurized oil-water mixture passes through the mesh and enters a cavity above the non-return oil collection ring (14); and when the pumping machine is in a downstroke, most of crude oil remains in the cavity, and a small portion of the crude oil flows out of the cavity together with the water. This process is continuously repeated and the crude oil is filled in the cavity, so that the problem of dry grinding of the packing (9) of a high water-cut sucker-rod pumping well and an intermittent pumping well is overcome.

Embodiment 5: Replacement of a Packing

[0043] In general, after a wellhead sealing device of a sucker-rod pumping machine is installed and operates for one year, a packing (9) should be replaced at regular intervals. When the packing is replaced, the pumping machine must be shut down firstly, a closer pressure cap (13) is screwed to close a well, a packing box pressure cap (1) is opened, a packing compression ring (5) and a component above it are fixed on a beam hanger, a packing outer sleeve (8) is lifted upwards with two hands by a suitable height, then the packing outer sleeve (8) is pulled back down into position, the packing (9) and an upper flexible sealing sleeve (10) are naturally exposed, an upper flexible sealing sleeve (10), a lower flexible sealing sleeve (37) and the packing (9) may be replaced without using any tool, and the packing box pressure cap (1) is screwed; static declination rectification must be performed when the packing is replaced every time, in order to eliminate static errors accumulated in the early period; the declination rectification pressure cap (44) is properly unscrewed, a handbrake of the pumping machine is released to let the polished rod (7) to drive the dual-hemispherical centralizer (20) to move upwards through the closing unit, the handbrake is tightened to continue to properly unscrew the declination rectification pressure cap (44), the polished rod (7) is shaken several times, then the declination rectification pressure cap (44) is rapidly screwed, and finally the closer pressure cap (13) is opened to open the well, the pumping machine is started, and a screwing degree of a packing box upper pressure cap (1) is preferably in the polished rod (7) without heat and oil.

[0044] Although given embodiments have been described, these embodiments are only for illustration and are not intended to limit a protective scope of the present invention. In fact, the embodiment described in the specification may be implemented in various variants, that is, various omissions, substitutions, changes and other variations may be made to the above embodiments based on the spirit of the present invention, and the appended claims include these variations or modifications, so that they will fall into the protective scope of the present invention.