DUAL RATE VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM

Abstract

A selectively switchable dual rate vehicle suspension system comprising a pushrod actuated inboard spring configuration, conventionally oriented between the unsprung mass and the sprung mass of one corner of the vehicle, comprising a torsion bar spring of a first predetermined rate, K1, and a coil spring of a second predetermined rate, K2, arranged in series so as to provide a total combined spring rate KT. A lockout actuator is arranged in parallel with the coil spring and configured so that in a first mode it allows the coil spring to move freely and in a second mode prevents motion of the coil spring such that when the lockout actuator is in a first, unlocked, mode the overall vehicle suspension spring rate is defined by the series equation 1/KT=1/K1+1/K2, and when the lockout actuator is in a second, locked, mode the overall vehicle suspension spring rate is substantially higher as defined by KT=K1, thus selectively providing both a low rate, optimal ride comfort setting and a high rate, optimal handling setting.

Claims

1. A selectively switchable dual rate vehicle suspension system comprising: a pushrod actuated inboard spring configuration, conventionally oriented between the unsprung mass and the sprung mass of one corner of the vehicle, comprising a torsion bar spring of a first predetermined rate, K.sub.1, and a coil spring of a second predetermined rate, K.sub.2, arranged in series so as to provide a total combined spring rate K.sub.T; a lockout actuator, arranged in parallel with the coil spring and configured so that, in a first mode, it allows the coil spring to move freely and, in a second mode, prevents motion of the coil spring; and such that, when the lockout actuator is in a first, unlocked, mode, the overall vehicle suspension spring rate is defined by the series equation 1/K.sub.T=1/K.sub.1+1/K.sub.2, and when the lockout actuator is in a second, locked, mode, the overall vehicle suspension spring rate is substantially higher as defined by K.sub.T=K.sub.1, thus selectively and alternatively providing both a low rate, optimal ride comfort setting and a high rate, optimal handling setting.

2. The selectively switchable dual rate vehicle suspension system of claim 1, wherein the lockout actuator comprises a hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic circuit that selectively opens and closes a connection between two volumes within the hydraulic cylinder so as to provide a first, unlocked, mode and a second, locked, mode.

3. The selectively switchable dual rate vehicle suspension system of claim 1, wherein the lockout actuator comprises a hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic circuit that selectively opens and closes a connection between two volumes within the hydraulic cylinder so as to provide a first, unlocked, mode and a second, locked, mode, additionally, the hydraulic circuit is configured to power the hydraulic actuator so as to drive the coil spring to a predetermined position so that the ride height of the vehicle, in the K.sub.1 spring rate mode, can be prescribed to differ from the ride height of the vehicle in the 1/K1+1/K2 spring rate mode.

4. The selectively switchable dual rate vehicle suspension system of claim 1, wherein the lockout actuator comprises a hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic circuit that selectively opens and closes a connection between two volumes within the hydraulic cylinder so as to provide a first, unlocked, mode and a second, locked, mode, additionally, the hydraulic circuit is configured to power the hydraulic actuator so as to drive the coil spring to a predetermined position so that the ride height of the vehicle, in the K.sub.1 spring rate mode, can be relatively lower than in the 1/K.sub.1+1/K.sub.2 spring rate mode.

5. The selectively switchable dual rate suspension system of claim 4, wherein the coil spring is fully compressed in the predetermined position to make the ride height relatively lower.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The disclosure can be further understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:

[0020] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one disclosed suspension embodiment at one corner of a vehicle.

[0021] FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a hydraulic lockout actuator used in the suspension shown in FIG. 1.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic lockout actuator shown in FIG. 2.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a schematic of one example embodiment of a hydraulic control circuit used with the suspension shown in FIG. 1.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of one example embodiment of a hydraulic control circuit used to provide a desired lower ride height to provide a desired handling setting.

[0025] The embodiments, examples and alternatives of the preceding paragraphs, the claims, or the following description and drawings, including any of their various aspects or respective individual features, may be taken independently or in any combination. Features described in connection with one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments, unless such features are incompatible.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Accordingly, in view of the limitations of the prior art adaptive suspension systems and, more specifically, those using dual rate springs, it would be advantageous to provide a fully automatic, selectable arrangement that allows the spring rate and ride height to be switched between two distinct modes of operation independently of ride height or vehicle load. This type of approach provides a method of choosing between an optimal vehicle handling setting, characterized by a relatively higher natural frequency and low ride height, and an optimal ride comfort setting, characterized by a relatively lower natural frequency and high ride height.

[0027] The present invention utilizes the simple principal of mechanics in which two springs, that obey Hooke's law of linear rate response, when placed in series, act as a single Hookean spring with a lower linear rate than either of the individual springs. Two springs of rate K.sub.1 and K.sub.2 placed end to end in series will return a total spring rate, K.sub.T, described by the following simple equation:

1/K.sub.T=1/K.sub.1+1/K.sub.2(Equation 1)

[0028] In a primary embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage medium of one corner of a vehicle comprises a torsion bar spring of a first predetermined rate, K.sub.1, and a coil spring of a second predetermined rate, K.sub.2, arranged in series and conventionally oriented between the unsprung mass and the sprung mass. In this way, in a first mode of operation, the overall spring rate of the suspension is K.sub.T as described by the series equation. A hydraulic actuator, with a locking function, is also included in parallel with the coil spring so that, on command, the K.sub.2 rate can be locked out and so the overall spring rate of the suspension becomes K.sub.1. Additionally, the hydraulic actuator can be powered to drive the coil spring to a predetermined position so that the ride height of the vehicle, in the K.sub.1 spring rate mode, can be prescribed.

[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates the primary embodiment of the present invention installed on one corner of a vehicle that utilizes conventional double wishbone suspension for motion control and an inboard pushrod actuated energy storage medium. A torsion bar spring 10 is conventionally actuated by a pushrod 100 and rocker 101 arrangement. The torsion bar spring 10 is driven from the centre of rotation of the rocker 101 and the pushrod 100 is connected to a suspension spindle 107 at the end opposite its attachment to the rocker 101. A wheel 105, tire 106, brake assembly 108 and the spindle 107 make up an unsprung corner of a vehicle which is attached to the vehicle structure via a series of motion control linkages 110, 111, 112 and 113 that have been configured to constrain the movement of the unsprung corner to a single degree of freedom, along a predetermined, functionally desirable motion path. When the unsprung corner moves through its motion path, it rotates the rocker 101 via the pushrod 100 and induces a torque on the torsion bar spring 10. A damper 13, such as a conventional shock absorber, is connected between the vehicle support structure and the rocker 101, at a distance from a longitudinal axis of the torsion bar spring 10, to damp the motion of the unsprung corner. It should be understood that the damper 13 may be incorporated into the system in a different configuration if desired.

[0030] In a first mode of operation, the rotary motion of the rocker 101 either stores or releases strain energy in the combination of the torsion bar spring 10 and a coil spring 11 arranged in series so that the coil spring 11 is displaced by the rotary motion at the distal end of the torsion bar spring 10 via an actuation arm 12. The coil spring 11 is anchored to the vehicle structure at the opposing end to the actuation arm 12 via a grounded joint 16. In this first mode of operation, the combined spring rate acting on the unsprung corner of the vehicle, K.sub.sr, is defined by the following equation:

1/K.sub.sr=1/K.sub.tb+1/K.sub.cs(Equation 2)

[0031] Where K.sub.tb is the spring rate of the torsion bar spring 10 and K.sub.es is the spring rate of the coil spring 11. This equation returns a combined spring rate (K.sub.sr) that is less than either of the individual rates and so a lower natural frequency results providing an optimal ride comfort setting.

[0032] In a second mode of operation, a hydraulic lockout actuator 15, configured coaxially with the coil spring 11, is activated so that it behaves as a solid link and prevents compression of the coil spring 11. In this manner, the rotary motion of the rocker 101 either stores or releases strain energy in only the torsion bar spring 10 as its distal end is now anchored to the vehicle structure via the active lockout actuator 15. In this second mode of operation, the spring rate acting on the unsprung corner of the vehicle, K.sub.sr, is defined as follows:

K.sub.sr=K.sub.tb(Equation 3)

[0033] In this second mode of operation, the spring rate acting on the unsprung corner of the vehicle increases substantially over the first mode of operation, which increases the natural frequency and provides an optimal handling setting.

[0034] The hydraulic lockout actuator 15 is illustrated in further detail in FIG. 2 and is constructed from a body 22, a shaft 20, a shaft clevis 21, a grounded joint 16, a top spring plate 24, a lower spring perch 27 and a hydraulic manifold cap 26. A circlip 23 is provided between the shaft 20 and the top spring plate 24, as best shown in FIG. 3. The grounded joint 16 is mounted to the vehicle structure via a bolt or similar fastener and the shaft clevis 21 is rotationally attached to the outer point of the actuation arm 12. The coil spring 11 is coaxially located around the shaft 20 and body 22 of the lockout actuator 15, with one end supported by the lower spring perch 27 and the other held in preload by the top spring plate 24. Additional detail is shown in FIG. 3 of how the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 shaft 20 is rigidly attached to a cylindrical piston 25, which is adapted to travel within a cylindrical bore 29. In this manner, the cylindrical bore 29 is divided into two variable operating volumes 30 and 35 that are filled with a suitable hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic manifold cap 26 is internally arranged so as to provide a hydraulic path 31 between the upper hydraulic volume 30 and a first external port 32 and the lower hydraulic volume 35 and a second external port 36.

[0035] In the first mode of operation, the two external ports 32 and 36 are connected directly together and therefore hydraulic fluid is allowed to flow freely between the two hydraulic volumes 30 and 35. In this way, the cylindrical piston 25 is free to move within the cylindrical bore 29 and so movement of the coil spring 11 is unimpeded allowing it to act in series with the torsion bar spring 10.

[0036] In the second mode of operation, the two external ports 32 and 36 are blocked from each other and, therefore, hydraulic fluid is prohibited from flowing between the two hydraulic volumes 30 and 35. In this way, the cylindrical piston 25 cannot move within the cylindrical bore 29 and so the coil spring 11 is locked and, therefore, only the torsion bar spring 10 is available to store the energy imparted by suspension movement.

[0037] A schematic of the hydraulic control circuit used to open and close the connection between the two external ports, 32 and 36, of the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 is illustrated in FIG. 4. A two port, two position, electrically piloted hydraulic valve 40 is connected between the first external port 32 and second external port 36 via hydraulic lines 33 and 37 respectively. The hydraulic valve 40 is configured to be normally open so that the hydraulic lines 33 and 37 are connected directly with no blockage. In this configuration, hydraulic fluid can flow freely between the two hydraulic volumes 30 and 35. In this way, the cylindrical piston 25 is free to move within the cylindrical bore 29.

[0038] When a suitable electrical signal is imparted on the hydraulic valve 40, it switches to a closed, or blocked, position and hydraulic fluid is prohibited from flowing between the two hydraulic lines 33 and 37 and, therefore, the hydraulic volumes 30 and 35 respectively. In this mode, the cylindrical piston 25 cannot move within the cylindrical bore 29. Additionally, for the sake of practical operation, a compensator 50 is introduced in the hydraulic circuit within the hydraulic line 33 so as to provide a volume for the hydraulic fluid displaced by the shaft 20 entering the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 to be stored. The compensator 50 consists of a hydraulic storage volume 51, a floating piston 53 and a pressurized gas volume 52 configured so that as the shaft 20 enters the hydraulic lockout actuator 15, when the hydraulic valve 40 is in its normally open position, the hydraulic fluid displaced by the shaft 20 is stored in the hydraulic storage volume 51. As the shaft 20 leaves the hydraulic lockout actuator 15, when the hydraulic valve 40 is in its normally open position, the hydraulic fluid in the storage volume 51 is forced back into the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 by the pressurized gas volume 52. When the hydraulic valve 40 is electrically signaled to close then the piston 25 is locked from inward motion as required to defeat the coil spring 11.

[0039] In this manner, the coil spring 11 can be selectably locked out and, therefore, the overall spring rate acting on the corner of the vehicle, K.sub.sr, actively switched between two distinct modes of operation, independently of ride height or vehicle load. This arrangement provides a method of choosing between an optimal handling setting, characterized by a relatively higher natural frequency, and an optimal ride comfort setting, characterized by a relatively lower natural frequency. As a matter of practical application on a four wheel vehicle, a position sensor can be implemented on each of the four lockout actuators 15 of each suspension corner, so that the four associated hydraulic valves 40 can be switched to their closed, or blocked, positions in a coordinated manner so as to maintain matched ride heights.

[0040] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a hydraulic pressure source, such as a pump or accumulator, is introduced that allows the cylindrical piston 25 of the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 to be powered to a predetermined position so that all four corners of the car are assured of being at a matched and optimized ride height for the ride and handling requirements of the vehicle.

[0041] Making reference to FIG. 1, when the coil spring 11 and torsion bar spring 10 act in series, in the first mode of operation, the ride height of the corner of the vehicle is determined by its corner mass and the overall combined series spring rate. The initial setting of the ride height is normally adjusted by extending or retracting the pushrod 100 via a screw thread sleeve or similar arrangement. When the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 is activated and the coil spring 11 is locked out, the average ride height naturally increases, without additional intervention, as the corner mass stays the same, but the overall spring rate substantially increases. This increased ride height is the opposite of what is desired to achieve optimal handling, as an increased natural frequency and lower ride height offers a superior combination. FIG. 5 shows a schematic of a hydraulic circuit that provides an ideal predetermined lower ride height when the coil spring 11 is locked out and the natural frequency has been increased to provide an optimal handling setting. A two port, two position, electrically piloted hydraulic valve 40 is connected between the first external port 32 and second external port 36 of the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 via hydraulic lines 33 and 37 respectively. The hydraulic valve 40 is configured to be normally open so that the hydraulic lines 33 and 37 are connected directly with no blockage. In this configuration, hydraulic fluid can flow freely between the two hydraulic volumes 30 and 35. In this way, the cylindrical piston 25 is free to move within the cylindrical bore 29. As previously described, for the sake of practical operation, a compensator 50 is introduced in the hydraulic circuit within the hydraulic line 37 so as to provide a volume for the hydraulic fluid displaced by the shaft 20 entering the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 to be stored. Additionally, a hydraulic pump 62, or similar pressure source, is provided that draws low pressure hydraulic fluid from a reservoir 63 and delivers it to a hydraulic line 38. A second two port, two position, electrically piloted hydraulic valve 60 is connected between the hydraulic lines 38 and 33. The hydraulic valve 60 is configured to be normally closed so that the pressure created by the hydraulic pump 62 is normally blocked from entering the hydraulic line 33. A third two port, two position, electrically piloted hydraulic valve 61 is connected between the hydraulic line 37 and the reservoir 63. The hydraulic valve 61 is configured to be normally closed so that hydraulic line 37 is normally blocked from the reservoir. A self-piloted pressure relief valve 200 is additionally introduced between the hydraulic valve 61 and the reservoir 63 so as to maintain a predetermined minimum pressure in the hydraulic line 37 and hydraulic volumes 35 and 51. When a suitable electrical signal is simultaneously imparted on the hydraulic valves 40, 60 and 61, they all change state and hydraulic valve 40 switches to a closed, or blocked, position and hydraulic fluid is prohibited from flowing between the two hydraulic lines 33 and 37 and, therefore, the hydraulic volumes 30 and 35 respectively. Additionally, the hydraulic valve 60 switches to an open position and high pressure hydraulic fluid is allowed to flow directly into hydraulic volume 30 via the hydraulic line 33, and hydraulic valve 61 also switches to an open position and the hydraulic fluid in the volume 35 is allowed to flow to the reservoir 63 via hydraulic line 37 and the pressure relief valve 200. The pressure relief valve 200 is configured to maintain a pressure in the hydraulic line 37 that prevents the compensator 50 from discharging its hydraulic storage volume 51 when hydraulic valve 61 switches to an open position. In this manner, the cylindrical piston 25 is driven to a fully retracted position within the cylindrical bore 29 of the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 via a pressure prescribed to be significantly higher than that generated by the vehicle suspension loads. An adjustable stop 39 is further provided so that the retracted position of the hydraulic lockout actuator 15 can be adapted to suit the correct ride height of the vehicle in its second mode of operation with the coil spring 11 locked out.

[0042] In this manner, the coil spring 11 can be selectably locked out and, therefore, the overall spring rate acting on the corner of the vehicle, K.sub.sr, actively switched between two distinct modes of operation, with independently predetermined ride heights. This arrangement provides a method of choosing between an optimal handling setting, characterized by a relatively higher natural frequency and low ride height, and an optimal ride comfort setting, characterized by a relatively lower natural frequency and higher ride height. The hydraulically powered system described also assures that all four corners properly attain their correct ride heights at a predetermined speed and timing so as not to upset the balance of the vehicle.

[0043] Additionally, the damper 13 can be simply arranged to be actuated by the rocker 101 in a conventional manner. The damper can also be configured to be adaptive, as known in the art, so that, as the overall spring rate action on the corner of the vehicle, K.sub.sr, is actively switched between two modes, the damping characteristics can be suitably matched to the selected natural frequency.

[0044] It should be understood that, although a particular system arrangement has been disclosed in the illustrated embodiments, other arrangements will benefit herefrom. For instance, the described vehicle suspension system could be altered so that a second torsion bar is utilized in place of the coil spring 11, with the lockout actuator located between the two torsion bars. The lockout actuator could be an electrical machine in place of the hydraulic device that has been described. Although the different examples have specific components shown in the illustrations, embodiments of this invention are not limited to those particular combinations. Although an example embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of the claims. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine their true scope and content.

[0045] It should also be understood that although a particular component arrangement is disclosed in the illustrated embodiment, other arrangements will benefit herefrom. Although particular step sequences are shown, described, and claimed, it should be understood that steps may be performed in any order, separated or combined unless otherwise indicated and will still benefit from the present invention.

[0046] Although the different examples have specific components shown in the illustrations, embodiments of this invention are not limited to those particular combinations. It is possible to use some of the components or features from one of the examples in combination with features or components from another one of the examples.

[0047] Although an example embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of the claims. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine their true scope and content.