MINERAL FERTILIZER

Abstract

The invention relates to a mineral fertilizer. The minetral fertilizer is a mixture comprising: a) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content <44%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising: dunite, lamprophyres, peridotite, in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth, in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and/or b) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content of from 44%-53%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising trachybasaltmelaphyre, porphyryrhyolite, andesite, latite, gabbro, pyroxenite, obsidian, spilite, diabase in the amount from 5 to 95% by weight and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth, in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and/or c) at least one crushed volcanic rock with Si02 content of from 54%-65%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising trachybasaltincluding monzonite, diorite, syenite in the amount of 5 to 95% by weight and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth, in the amount of 5 to 95% by weight, and/or d) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content >65%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising: granite, pegmatite, granodiorite, granitoids, carbonatites, dacite, tonalite, tuff-stone in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight.

Claims

1. Mineral fertilizer comprising crushed phosphorite, and minerals comprising magnesium oxide and calcium oxide characterized in that it is a mixture comprising: a) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content <44%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising: dunite, lamprophyres, peridotite, in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth, in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and/or b) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content of from 44%-53%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising trachybasaltmelaphyre, porphyryrhyolite, andesite, latite, gabbro, pyroxenite, obsidian, spilite, diabase in the amount from 5 to 95% by weight and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth, in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and/or c) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content of from 54%-65%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising trachybasaltincluding monzonite, diorite, syenite in the amount of 5 to 95% by weight and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth, in the amount of 5 to 95% by weight, and/or d) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content >65%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising: granite, pegmatite, granodiorite, granitoids, carbonatites, dacite, tonalite, tuff-stone in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight.

2. Fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an addition of crushed sulphur, particle size of 0.00-2.00 mm in the amount of 5% by weight.

3. Fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least 30% by weight of fraction with grain size 0.00 to 0.08 mm.

4. Fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a granulated form containing up to 2% by weight of a binder selected from a group comprising sugar molasses, cane molasses, polysaccharides, and in particular corn starch, cellulose, modified cellulose.

Description

[0010] Volcanic rock mining and output processing, especially the production of breakstone used for road building, generate considerable amounts of waste rock material of different size comprising: [0011] ultra-basic volcanic rockSiO.sub.2 content <44%, comprising dunite, lamprophyres, peridotite; [0012] basic volcanic rocksSiO.sub.2 content from 44% to 53%, comprising trachybasaltmelaphyre, porphyryrhyolite, andesite, latite, gabbro, pyroxenite, obsidian, spilite, diabase; [0013] neutral volcanic rocksSiO.sub.2 content from 54% to 65%, comprising monzonite, diorite, syenite, [0014] acidic volcanic rocksSiO.sub.2 content >65%, granite, pegmatite, granodiorite, granitoids, carbonatites, dacite, tonalite, tuff-stone,

[0015] It was found that this material has properties which make it possible to use it as a valuable component of mineral fertilizers.

[0016] It was also found that even the finest particles of this crushed material have, in most cases, a glassy fracture and sharp uneven edges which with minute particles, grain diameter below 0.07 mm, may cause damage and clogging of spiracles in insects' respiratory systems.

[0017] Mineral fertilizer according to the invention is a mixture comprising: [0018] a) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content <44%, grain size from 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising: dunite, lamprophyres, peridotite, in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight and at least on crushed sedimentary rock with grain size from 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and/or [0019] b) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content from 44% to 53%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising trachybasaltmelaphyre, porphyryrhyolite, andesite, latite, gabbro, pyroxenite, obsidian, spilite, diabase in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight and at least one crushed sedimentary rock with grain size of 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight and/or [0020] c) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content from 54%-65%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising trachybasaltmonzonite, diorite, syenite in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight and at least one sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and/or [0021] d) at least one crushed volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 content >65%, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising: granite, pegmatite, granodiorite, granitoids, carbonatites, dacite, tonalite, tuff-stone in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight, and at least one crushed sedimentary rock, grain size 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, selected from a group comprising dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, phosphorite, magnesite, potassium salts, diatomaceous earth in the amount of from 5 to 95% by weight.

[0022] It is preferred that the fertilizer according to the invention contains an addition of crushed sulphur, particle size from 0.00-2.00 mm in the amount of up to 5% by weight. A small addition of sulphur enhances the growth of plants and increases the fertilizer efficiency.

[0023] To keep the insecticidal properties, it is preferred that the fertilizer according to the invention contains at least 30% by weight of volcanic rock fractions, grain size from 0.00 to 0.07 mm.

[0024] To prevent the dusting, it is preferred when the fertilizer according to the invention is a granulated product containing up to 2% by weight of a binder selected from a group comprising sugar molasses, cane molasses, polysaccharides, particularly corn starch, cellulose, modified cellulose.

[0025] The fertilizer according to the invention is produced by mixing crushed and sifted components.

[0026] Tables 1 and 2 below show exemplary compositions of the mineral fertilizer according to the invention.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Component [% by weight] I II III IV V VI Volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 80 70 50 65 75 94 content <44% Ground phosphate rock 15 15 15 Magnesite meal 15 15 25 Potassium meal Dolomite 20 15 20 Bentonite 2 Zeolite 2 Diatomaceous earth 2 Sulphur 5

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Component [% by weight] VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII Volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 50 40 content <44% Volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 70 50 90 content from 44%-53%% Volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 50 50 40 content from 54%-65%, Volcanic rock with SiO.sub.2 90 65 content >65% Ground phosphate rock 15 5 15 Magnesite meal 10 10 Potassium meal 10 15 5 5 2 5 Dolomite 20 Bentonite 2 Zeolite 5 2 10 Diatomaceous earth 2 Sulphur 5 2

[0027] Mineral fertilizer according to the invention comprises: SiO.sub.2 from 40.08 to 72.40% by weight, Al.sub.2O.sub.3 up to 14.40% by weight, TiO.sub.2 up to 2.38% by weight, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 up to 13.43% by weight, MgO up to 12.40% by weight, MnO up to 0.13% by weight, Na.sub.2O up to 3.85% by weight, K.sub.2O up to 3.81% by weight, P.sub.2O.sub.5 up to 8.00% by weight, SO.sub.3 up to 0.12% by weight, Cl up to 0.66% by weight. Furthermore, the fertilizer contains trace quantities of microelements such as copper, zinc, molybdenum, bromine, chromium, vanadium, lithium, nickel.

[0028] Since the fertilizer according to the invention has the tendency to dust, it is preferred that the fertilizer according to the invention has the form of a granulated product. To obtain the fertilizer according to the invention in form of a granulated mixture of components, the components mixed with a binder and an appropriate amount of water are granulated in a granulator in higher temperature ranging from 60-70 C.

[0029] Below are exemplary mixtures subject to granulation, and granulation conditions thereof: [0030] 1. Volcanic rock meal, fraction 0.00 mm to 2.00 mm 85% by weight, [0031] bentonite, fraction 0.00 mm to 2.00 mm 3% by weight, [0032] sugar molasses 2% by weight, [0033] water at the temperature of 60-70 degrees Celsius 10% by weight, [0034] mixing and granulation performed in the granulator until the product obtains its granulated form [0035] 2. Volcanic rock meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.0 mm, 85% by weight, bentonite, [0036] fractions 0.00 mm-2.0 mm, 3% by weight, [0037] sugar molasses 2% by weight, [0038] water at the temperature of 60-70 C., 10% by weight, [0039] mixing and granulation performed in the granulator until the product obtains its granulated form. [0040] 3. Volcanic rock meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 70% by weight, [0041] dolomite, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 15% by weight, [0042] bentonite, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 3% by weight, [0043] starch 2% by weight, [0044] water at the temperature of 60-70 C., 10% by weight, [0045] mixing and granulation performed in the granulator until the product obtains its granulated form. [0046] 4. Volcanic rock meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 55% by weight, [0047] ground phosphate rock, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 15% by weight, [0048] dolomite, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 15% by weight, [0049] bentonite, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 3% by weight, [0050] cane molasses in the amount of 2% by weight, [0051] water at the temperature of 60-70 C., 10% by weight, [0052] mixing and granulation performed in the granulator until the product obtains its granulated form. [0053] 5. Volcanic rock meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 50% by weight, [0054] ground phosphate rock, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 15% by weight, [0055] magnesite meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 15% by weight, [0056] dolomite meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 5% by weight, [0057] bentonite, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 3% by weight, [0058] sugar molasses 2% by weight, [0059] water at the temperature of 60-70 C., 10% by weight [0060] 6. Volcanic rock meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 50% by weight, [0061] ground phosphate rock, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 15% by weight, [0062] magnesite meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 15% by weight, [0063] sulphur, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 5% by weight, [0064] bentonite, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 3% by weight, [0065] modified cellulose 2% by weight, [0066] water at the temperature of 60-70 degrees Celsius 10% by weight. [0067] 7. Volcanic rock meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.0 mm, 81% by weight, [0068] zeolite meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 2% by weight, [0069] diatomaceous earth, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 2% by weight, [0070] bentonite meal, fraction 0.00 mm-2.00 mm, 3% by weight, [0071] sugar molasses, 2% by weight, [0072] water at the temperature of 60-70 degrees Celsius, 10% by weight.

[0073] The best agricultural results are obtained when the mineral fertilizer according to the invention is applied in the amount of from 1 to 5 tons per each hectare of land, or from 5 to 10 kg per 100 kg of compost, or from 1 to 5 kg per each 10 m.sup.2. The fertilizer according to the invention may also be used in form of water slurries, with the above-mentioned proportions maintained.

[0074] To control pests such as aphids, caterpillars, beetles, potato beetle and snails, it is recommended to dust plants with the fertilizer according to the invention in form a mechanically dispersed powder.

[0075] The mineral fertilizer according to the invention increases the resistance of plants, trees and shrubs to diseases and supports control of diseases such as potato blight, fire blight, bacterial canker, bacterial blotch, grey mould, curl virus, scab, powdery mildew and mildew.

[0076] The fertilizer according to the invention ensures gradual and long-term supply of necessary macro and microelements to plants. The fertilizer has a practically unlimited storage period.

[0077] The following soil mixtures were prepared using the fertilizer according to the invention: [0078] 1. Mineral fertilizer according to the invention, composition according to table 1, was mixed with peat at the ratio of 5-10 kg of the fertilizer per 100 kg of peat. [0079] 2. Mineral fertilizer according to the invention, composition according to table 2, was mixed with humus at the ratio of 5-10 kg of meal per 100 kg of humus,
the mixtures were subject to agricultural testing wherein the results obtained were compared with results obtained on comparable blank samples to which the fertilizer according to the invention was not applied.

[0080] In both cases tests showed that the fertilizer according to the invention has a stimulating effect on the growth of aerobic microbes and at the same time inhibits the growth of anaerobic microbes which is very advantageous for the composting process. Tests confirmed that in both cases plants' resistance to diseases increased and the fertilizer enhanced the growth of plants' roots, and facilitated a continuous steady growth of plants.

[0081] Mineral fertilizer according to the invention is a fertilizer based fully on natural components, it is environmentally-friendly, and does not contaminate the soil or water. The fertilizer according to the invention enhances the growth of plants and improves soil structure, enriches light soil with minerals necessary for the crops to grow, regulates soil mineral balanceimproves soil pH, increases plants' resistance to diseases, increases the growth of plant and tree roots, has a positive impact on crops growth. The fertilizer according to the invention does not require a waiting period after its use, and there is no possibility of overusing the fertilizer.

[0082] The fertilizer according to the invention has fungicidal effects on fungi attacking plants, it also enhances the growth of aerobic microbes and inhibits the growth of anaerobic microbes thus enhancing the composting process. The fertilizer according to the invention, used as an additive, binds ammonia in liquid manure and manure and at the same time enriches the manure with minerals. Fine fractions of volcanic rock particles included in the composition of the fertilizer according to the invention get in the respiratory systems of insects feeding on plants and block and damage their spiracles and thus the fertilizer is also an insecticide as it makes it impossible for the insects to breathe.

[0083] The fertilizer according to the invention may be used as a natural seed dressing. The fertilizer makes stems grow and harden, increases plant resistance to stress, regulates assimilation processes and improves plants vigor. Minerals present in the fertilizer according to the invention and absorbed by plants, vegetables and fruit are a valuable source of microelements for people and animals who consume them.

[0084] The fertilizer according to the invention may be used in agriculture, fruit culture, vegetable production, horticulture and cultivation of ornamental plants, for fertilizing fields, meadows, forests, lawns, areas surrounding buildings and green areas, and to enrich and change the mechanical properties of soil.