Abstract
An ignition device for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine includes a first electrode and a second electrode, which is movable with the aid of an actuator. The ignition device is configured to generate a first ignition spark when a contact between the first and second electrode is interrupted. To accomplish this, the second electrode is moved away from the first electrode. A third electrode is also provided, which is spaced apart from the first electrode. With the aid of the third electrode, a second ignition spark can be generated by moving the second electrode away from the other two electrodes. With the three electrodes, the ignition unit is configured to allow the two ignition sparks to pass through a volume formed between the electrodes in the direction transverse to the longitudinal extension of the ignition sparks in the course of the movement of the second electrode.
Claims
1. An ignition device for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: an ignition arrangement, including: a first electrode; a second electrode, which is movable with the aid of an actuator, wherein the ignition arrangement is configured to generate a first ignition spark when a contact between the first electrode and the second electrode is interrupted by moving the second electrode away from the first electrode; and a third electrode, which is spaced apart from the first electrode, wherein a second ignition spark is additionally generated when the second electrode is moved away from the other two electrodes; wherein the three electrodes are configured so that the two ignition sparks pass through a volume formed between the electrodes in the direction transverse to the longitudinal extension of the ignition sparks in the course of the movement of the second electrode, wherein the second electrode has a convex surface in a direction of contact points with the first electrode and the third electrode wherein a position of two mutually associated surface points, which define a smallest possible distance between one of the first and third electrodes and the second electrode at least with respect to a predefined section, is dependent on a present position of the second electrode.
2. The ignition device of claim 1, wherein the three electrodes are situated so that, before the movable second electrode moves, it contacts the first electrode and the third electrode at the respective contact point in each case.
3. The ignition device of claim 2, wherein the second electrode, as viewed from the contact points, protrudes with one section in the direction of the first electrode and the third electrode or in the direction of the narrow point.
4. The ignition device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the third electrode have a common narrow point at which their minimum distance from one another is situated.
5. The ignition device of claim 1, wherein one of the following is satisfied: (i) the first electrode is electrically connected to a negative pole and the third electrode is connected to an electrical ground or to a corresponding positive pole of a voltage source, an inductor being between the negative pole and the first electrode, and (ii) the first electrode is electrically connected to a positive pole and the third electrode is connected to an electrical ground or to a corresponding negative pole of a voltage source, an inductor being between the positive pole and the first electrode.
6. The ignition device of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is cylindrical or die-shaped and/or has a planar, pointed, conical or curved end face, which faces the other two electrodes, and/or the first electrode and the third electrode are cylindrical, rectangular, L-shaped, or curved.
7. The ignition device of claim 1, wherein the actuator includes at least one electrical coil, which interacts with a magnetic core which is mechanically connected to the second electrode, the actuator also including a return spring, which counteracts a force generated by the coil and the magnetic core.
8. An ignition device for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: an ignition arrangement, including: a first electrode; a second electrode, which is movable with the aid of an actuator, wherein the ignition arrangement is configured to generate a first ignition spark when a contact between the first electrode and the second electrode is interrupted by moving the second electrode away from the first electrode; and a third electrode, which is spaced apart from the first electrode, wherein a second ignition spark is additionally generated when the second electrode is moved away from the other two electrodes; wherein the three electrodes are configured so that the two ignition sparks pass through a volume formed between the electrodes in the direction transverse to the longitudinal extension of the ignition sparks in the course of the movement of the second electrode, wherein the ignition sparks each have a spark foot point at both of their ends, the spark foot points moving on the surface of the associated electrode toward a narrow point in the course of the movement of the second electrode.
9. An ignition device for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: an ignition arrangement, including: a first electrode; a second electrode, which is movable with the aid of an actuator, wherein the ignition arrangement is configured to generate a first ignition spark when a contact between the first electrode and the second electrode is interrupted by moving the second electrode away from the first electrode; and a third electrode, which is spaced apart from the first electrode, wherein a second ignition spark is additionally generated when the second electrode is moved away from the other two electrodes; wherein the three electrodes are configured so that the two ignition sparks pass through a volume formed between the electrodes in the direction transverse to the longitudinal extension of the ignition sparks in the course of the movement of the second electrode, wherein the electrodes are configured to allow the first ignition spark and the second ignition spark to fuse close to a narrow point in the course of the movement of the second electrode.
10. An ignition device for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: an ignition arrangement, including: a first electrode; a second electrode, which is movable with the aid of an actuator, wherein the ignition arrangement is configured to generate a first ignition spark when a contact between the first electrode and the second electrode is interrupted by moving the second electrode away from the first electrode; and a third electrode, which is spaced apart from the first electrode, wherein a second ignition spark is additionally generated when the second electrode is moved away from the other two electrodes; wherein the three electrodes are configured so that the two ignition sparks pass through a volume formed between the electrodes in the direction transverse to the longitudinal extension of the ignition sparks in the course of the movement of the second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the third electrode are situated on a lateral surface of a virtual hollow cone, the second electrode being situated, at least in sections, within the virtual hollow cone.
11. An internal combustion engine, comprising: at least one combustion chamber; and at least one ignition device for the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, including: a first electrode; a second electrode, which is movable with the aid of an actuator, wherein the ignition device is configured to generate a first ignition spark when a contact between the first electrode and the second electrode is interrupted by moving the second electrode away from the first electrode; and a third electrode, which is spaced apart from the first electrode, wherein a second ignition spark is additionally generated when the second electrode is moved away from the other two electrodes; wherein the three electrodes are configured so that the two ignition sparks pass through a volume formed between the electrodes in the direction transverse to the longitudinal extension of the ignition sparks in the course of the movement of the second electrode, and wherein the three electrodes of the ignition device are situated within the combustion chamber and the actuator of the ignition device is situated outside the combustion chamber, wherein the second electrode has a convex surface in a direction of the contact points with the first electrode and the third electrode wherein a position of two mutually associated surface points, which define a smallest possible distance between one of the first and third electrodes and the second electrode at least with respect to a predefined section, is dependent on a present position of the second electrode.
12. An ignition device for a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising: an ignition arrangement, including: a first electrode; a second electrode, which is movable with the aid of an actuator, wherein the ignition arrangement is configured to generate a first ignition spark when a contact between the first electrode and the second electrode is interrupted by moving the second electrode away from the first electrode; and a third electrode, which is spaced apart from the first electrode, wherein a second ignition spark is additionally generated when the second electrode is moved away from the other two electrodes; wherein the three electrodes are configured so that the two ignition sparks pass through a volume formed between the electrodes in the direction transverse to the longitudinal extension of the ignition sparks in the course of the movement of the second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the third electrode have a common narrow point at which their minimum distance from one another is situated, wherein the electrodes are configured to allow the first ignition spark and the second ignition spark to fuse close to the narrow point in the course of the movement of the second electrode.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) FIG. 1 shows a simplified diagram for explaining the generation of a contact-breaking spark with the aid of a moving electrode when electrodes are in contact with one another.
(2) FIG. 2 shows a simplified diagram for explaining the generation of a contact-breaking spark with the aid of a moving electrode when electrodes are separated from one another.
(3) FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a spatial arrangement of a fixed and a movable electrode in a contacted state.
(4) FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a spatial arrangement of a fixed electrode and a movable electrode in a state separated from one another.
(5) FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e show a sequence of schematic diagrams, visualizing the fusion of two ignition sparks between three electrodes by moving one electrode.
(6) FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative electrode geometry having a linearly converging gap.
(7) FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative electrode geometry having a gap converging along a conical lateral surface.
(8) FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an alternative electrode geometry having a gap converging along a hollow-sphere surface.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(9) FIG. 1 shows an electrical energy source u1, which is configured to drive a current i1 with the aid of an inductor L1. For this purpose, a switch S1 downstream from inductor L1 is closed to ground with the aid of an actuator A1. Switch S1 includes a first electrode E1 and a second electrode E2. In FIG. 1, the two electrodes E1, E2 are in electrical contact with one another. Inductor L1 is charged with magnetic energy with the aid of current flow i1.
(10) FIG. 2 shows the system represented in FIG. 1 after switch S1 has been opened with the aid of actuator A1. Due to the fact that switch S1 is now open, an ignition spark F has formed between electrodes E1 and E2, which are now spatially separated from one another. Its energy is provided by the magnetic field of inductor L1. If switch S1 or the system of electrodes E1, E2 is situated within a combustion chamber II and ignitable mixture is situated in the area of ignition spark F, the ignition spark may be used to ignite the mixture.
(11) FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of one possible spatial embodiment of two electrodes E1, E2. First electrode E1 is curved at least in sections (within combustion chamber II) and is contacted, at a distal end, at a contact point 11 with the aid of a movable second electrode E2. Second electrode E2 is movably mounted in the direction of an arrow P, so that a gap may be established between first electrode E1 and second electrode E2. The system represented in FIG. 3 may be supplied with current, for example, by a system represented in FIGS. 1 and 2. Second electrode E2 is configured as the actuator with the aid of magnetic core M and a coil S.sub.1 enclosing magnetic core M, to be shifted in a predefined way via a voltage signal U(t) of a voltage source 12. The actuator is situated outside the combustion chamber, so that it is protected against thermal, chemical, and mechanical influences.
(12) FIG. 4 shows the system represented in FIG. 3, after second electrode E2 has been shifted in the direction of arrow P. A narrow point 10, at which electrodes E1, E2 have a minimum distance from one another, has now formed at contact point 11 shown in FIG. 3. The current flow results in an ignition spark F, the length of which increases as the shifting of second electrode E2 increases. Foot points FF1, FF2 of ignition spark F do not migrate along the surfaces of electrodes E1, E2. The required ignition voltage may be reduced in this way, but stationary ignition spark foot point pairs FF1, FF2 result in fixed spark erosion. In addition, the spark gap (apart from its length) is essentially static and is not movable in a predefined manner. For ignition to be successful, it is therefore necessary to bring the ignitable mixture to the very limited spatial area of ignition spark F.
(13) FIG. 5a shows an embodiment of an ignition system of an ignition unit according to the present invention, including a first stationary electrode E1, a second movable electrode E2, and a third stationary electrode E3. First electrode E1 and third electrode E3 include two essentially parallel sections 13, 14, at the outer/distal end of which they approach one another via an essentially gabled structure 15, 16. Second electrode E2 is in electrical contact with the end section 15 of first electrode E1 and the end section 16 of third electrode E3. Second electrode E2 has a convex surface facing end sections 15, 16, which is similar to the upper face of a lens. A (non-depicted) current from the ignition unit flows through the electrical connection between first electrode E1 and second electrode E2 and between second electrode E2 and third electrode E3. The current through first electrode E1 and second electrode E2 is caused by a voltage source U.sub.1, an inductor L being provided in series with voltage source U.sub.1 and being used as an energy store. If movable electrode E2 in the configuration shown is in contact with first electrode E1 and third electrode E3, a current flows through inductor L, which generates a contact-breaking spark in each case when second electrode E2 is moved away from first and third electrode E1, E3, as will be discussed in conjunction with the following figures. The movement of second electrode E2 is made possible by two coils S.sub.1 and S.sub.2. Both are situated around a housing 18 outside of combustion chamber II. A magnetic core M is situated within housing 18, which is mechanically, which may be rigidly, coupled to second electrode E2. A current flow through first coil S.sub.1 effectuates a movement in a first direction of magnetic core M within the magnetic field permeating coil S.sub.1 according to the principle of electrodynamics. This first direction may point, e.g., in the direction of return spring 17, which is compressed in the course of such a movement and generates a restoring force. The same applies for a current flow through second coil S.sub.2. This second coil is configured to deploy an action of force as a function of the direction of a current flow, in a way similar to that of return spring 17, the action of force causing second electrode E2 to move in the direction of narrow point 10. An alternative use or control of second coil S.sub.2 makes it possible to add the electromagnetic forces of first coil S.sub.1 and second coil S.sub.2 and, therefore, to achieve a great displacement with a largely linear application of force and, additionally, to use two currents generated independently of one another. A further advantage of the use of a second coil S.sub.2 (in addition to or instead of return spring 17) is its centering effect on a magnetic core M. In the example shown, currents i1, i2 are provided by (non-depicted) control units. For example, an engine control unit or a control unit provided for ignition could also be configured to generate the two coil currents i1, i2.
(14) FIG. 5b shows the system represented in FIG. 5a after second electrode E2 has moved away, in the direction of arrow P, from the gabled structure of the end sections of first electrode E1 and third electrode E3. Due to the fact that second electrode E2 has moved away from first electrode E1, a first ignition spark F1 has formed between the two, in an area having a minimum distance in the form of a narrow point 10 including a first ignition spark foot point FF11 on first electrode E1 and including a second ignition spark foot point FF12 on second electrode E2. This first ignition spark is situated in an area of narrow point 10 between first electrode E1 and second electrode E2. Correspondingly, due to the fact that second electrode E2 has moved away from third electrode E3, a second ignition spark F2 has formed between second electrode E2 and third electrode E3 in an area of narrow point 10 having a third ignition spark foot point FF22 on second electrode E2 and having a fourth ignition spark foot point FF21 on third electrode E3. The system is apparently symmetrically configured.
(15) FIG. 5c shows the system represented in FIG. 5b after second electrode E2 has been moved further away from the end sections of first electrode E1 and third electrode E3 in the direction of arrow P. First ignition spark F1 and second ignition spark F2 have migrated in the direction of the minimum distance between first electrode E1 and third electrode E3, i.e., in the direction of arrows P1 and P2, respectively. The surface geometry of electrodes E1, E2 and E3 is configured in such a way that ignition spark foot points FF11-FF22 have migrated in the direction of arrow P1 and P2 in the course of the movement of second electrode E2. If ignition spark foot points FF12, FF22 situated on second electrode E2 migrate further in the direction of arrows P1, P2, respectively, the foot points of ignition sparks F1, F2 meet on the surface of second electrode E2, whereby sparks F1, F2 fuse.
(16) FIG. 5d shows the result of the movement of second electrode E2 in the direction of arrow P. Ignition spark foot points FF12, FF22 situated on second electrode E2 have met, in response to which first ignition spark F1 and second ignition spark F2 have fused to form a single ignition spark F. Since ignition spark F, which now extends in a V-shape, attempts to shorten in accordance with the minimum energy principle, the situation shown in FIG. 5e sets in.
(17) In FIG. 5e, the ignition spark, with its foot points, has migrated to the points on first electrode E1 and third electrode E3 having the minimum distance from one another. This spark gap finally satisfies the minimum energy principle for ignition spark F. By viewing FIGS. 5a through 5e in combination it becomes apparent how much surface area ignition sparks F1, F2 and ignition spark F have passed through due to the movement of second electrode E2. The probability that the ignition spark or ignition sparks will ignite an ignitable mixture is substantially increased as compared to a fixed spark gap according to the teaching of the related art.
(18) FIG. 6 shows an electrode geometry, which is an alternative to the electrode system represented in FIG. 5. The electrode sections of electrodes E1, E3 situated in combustion chamber II are cylindrical or rod-shaped, for example, it being possible for their cross-section to be circular, elliptical, or rectangular. The two linearly approach one another in the direction of the combustion chamber on an imaginary axis through the actuator and in the direction of movement of second electrode E2. The mode of operation of the system is identical to that discussed in conjunction with FIG. 5.
(19) FIG. 7 shows an alternative system and embodiment of three electrodes E1, E2, E3. A first electrode E1 and a third electrode E3 are helically situated along a conic (or conical) enveloping surface. A second electrode E2 is situated underneath the two electrodes E1, E3, which initially contacts the two electrodes E1, E3 in the configuration shown. Although these are diametrically opposed with respect to the axis of the cone, the gap between first electrode E1 and third electrode E3 tapers in the direction of tip S of the cone. At a first point in time t=t.sub.0 (as explained in conjunction with FIGS. 5a through 5e), two contact-breaking sparks are generated, one between first electrode E1 and second electrode E2 and one between second electrode E2 and third electrode E3, and subsequently fuse at the base of the cone as a result of second electrode E2 moving away from first electrode E1 and third electrode E3. This process has already been described in conjunction with FIGS. 5a through 5e.
(20) After fused ignition spark F.sub.t1 between first electrode E1 and third electrode E3 has been generated, it attempts to shorten the spark gap to be bridged, in order to satisfy the minimum energy principle. Ignition spark F.sub.t1 therefore migrates upward in the cone in the direction of tip S, the ignition spark completing one rotation about the axis of rotational symmetry of the cone, as is indicated by arrow P3. At a point in time t=t.sub.2, ignition spark F.sub.t1 has screwed its way further up the electrode spiral, so that, as ignition spark F.sub.t2, it now has a shorter length than before. In order to satisfy the minimum energy principle, ignition spark foot points FF1, FF2 migrate further up electrodes E1, E3 until, at a later point in time t=t.sub.3, they form an ignition spark F.sub.t3, which has arrived at a narrow point 10 between electrodes E1, E3 between two points having a minimum distance.
(21) FIG. 8 shows an alternative system of three combustion chamber electrodes E1, E2, E3. First electrode E1 and third electrode E3 are situated essentially symmetrically with respect to axis of symmetry y and symmetrically with respect to the axis of motion of second electrode E2. First electrode E1 and third electrode E3 have two local narrow points 10a, 10b, between which the two electrodes E1, E3 have concave sections. In other words, the gap between the electrodes increases so as to form a cavity in an area between local narrow points 10a, 10b. Within the cavity formed in this way, a movable second electrode E2 is shown in three possible positions a), b), c). Second electrode E2 has an essentially spherical end section, which has a smaller radius than the cavity formed between first electrode E1 and third electrode E3. In this way, it is possible that second electrode E2 in position a) has a contact point 11, 12 with first electrode E1 and third electrode E3, respectively, at its outermost end, whereas (after having moved in the direction of arrow P) it has a contact point 11, 12, respectively, in the direction of its suspension. In a position b) shown, second electrode E2 is situated between positions a) and b), in which it has a narrow point, e.g., with the points of the concave electrode surfaces having a maximum distance from axis of symmetry y. In position a), a contact-breaking spark may be generated between first electrode E1 and second electrode E2 as well as between third electrode E3 and second electrode E2. If second electrode E2 is now moved out of position a) into position b), the narrow points between second electrode E2 and stationary electrodes E1, E3, respectively, migrate along the spherical surface of second electrode E2 as well as along corresponding points on the hollow-sphere shaped surfaces of first electrode E1 and third electrode E3. Second electrode E2 finally reaches its end position c), in which it once more has contact with stationary electrodes E1, E3. A further contact-breaking spark may therefore be generated in this position by reversing the direction of movement of second electrode E2 until finally, in position a), it comes into contact once more with first electrode E1 and third electrode E3. In this way, retracting reciprocating movement of the second electrode (e.g., in two consecutive ignition cycles) may be provided according to the present invention.
(22) A basic concept of the present invention is to dynamically generate an ignition spark of an ignition unit for an internal combustion engine, in a predefined manner, with the aid of a movable arrangement of at least one electrode. At the same time, the spark gap is moved, rotated, pivoted or modified in some other way at a first point in time with respect to a second point in time in order to break through different combustion chamber volumes at different points in time. The probability of successfully igniting an ignitable mixture is increased as a result, so that lean mixtures and less homogeneous mixtures may be used. In addition, electrode erosion may be avoided, since the ignition spark foot point on a particular electrode migrates over time on the surface of the electrode.
(23) Even though the aspects according to the present invention and advantageous specific embodiments have been described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated with the aid of the attached figures, those skilled in the art will consider modifications and combinations of features of the exemplary embodiments shown to be possible without departing from the scope of the present invention, the scope of protection of which is defined by the attached claims.
