Liquid distribution system for a fluid cooler

Abstract

A cooling tower system and/or fluid cooler that provides desired cooling performance, without the use of pressurized or gravity based nozzle spray systems.

Claims

1. A cooling tower apparatus that extends along a vertical axis, comprising; a first fill media disposed at a first position along the vertical axis; an upper water distribution basin disposed above the first fill media to distribute a re-circulating supply of cooling water onto a first fill inlet of the first fill media, wherein the cooling water exits via a first fill outlet, the first fill outlet having a first fill outlet cross sectional area; a second fill media disposed at a second position along the vertical axis, the second fill media having a second fill outlet with a second fill outlet cross sectional area that is greater than the first fill outlet cross sectional area, wherein the second fill media is defined as a plurality of fill sheets configured to diffuse and evenly distribute the supply of cooling water from the relatively smaller cross sectional area of the first fill outlet to the relatively larger cross sectional area of the second fill outlet without collecting the supply of cooling water; and a closed circuit heat exchanger disposed at a third position along the vertical axis below the second fill media, the closed circuit heat exchanger having a closed circuit heat exchanger inlet with a closed circuit heat exchanger inlet cross sectional area that is approximately equal to the second fill outlet cross sectional area, wherein the second fill media receives the cooling water from the first fill outlet and redistribute the cooling water on the closed circuit heat exchanger inlet, wherein said first fill media is cross flow media.

2. The cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein said second fill media is cross flow media.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a lower collection basin that receives cooling water from the heat exchanger.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a drift eliminator disposed adjacent the heat exchanger.

5. The cooling tower according to claim 1, wherein said second fill media is counterflow media.

6. A cooling tower extending along a vertical axis, comprising: a frame assembly having an internal space with two sides defining its width and an upper side air inlet and a lower side air inlet and a top air outlet; a first evaporative fill media having a first air path from the upper side air inlet through the fill media to the top air outlet; an upper water distribution basin disposed above the first fill media to distribute a re-circulating supply of cooling water onto a first fill inlet of the first fill media, wherein the cooling water exits via a first fill outlet, the first fill outlet having a first fill outlet cross sectional area; a second fill media disposed at a second position along the vertical axis, the second fill media having a second fill outlet with a second fill outlet cross sectional area that is greater than the first fill outlet cross sectional area, wherein the second fill media is defined as a plurality of fill sheets configured to diffuse and evenly distribute the supply of cooling water from the relatively smaller cross sectional area of the first fill outlet to the relatively larger cross sectional area of the second fill outlet without collecting the supply of cooling water; and a closed circuit heat exchanger disposed at a third position along the vertical axis below the second fill media and defining a second air path flow therethrough, the closed circuit heat exchanger having a closed circuit heat exchanger inlet with a closed circuit heat exchanger inlet cross sectional area that is approximately equal to the second fill outlet cross sectional area, wherein the second fill media receives the cooling water from the first fill outlet and redistribute the cooling water on the closed circuit heat exchanger inlet, wherein said first fill media is cross flow media.

7. The cooling tower according to claim 6, further comprising a baffle disposed in between the second fill media and the heat exchanger that at least substantially separates the first and second air paths from each other by said baffle.

8. The cooling tower according to claim 7, further comprising an air drift eliminator disposed adjacent the heat exchanger.

9. The cooling tower according to claim 6, wherein said second fill media is cross flow media.

10. The cooling tower according to claim 6, wherein said second fill media is counterflow media.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a side or end view of a cooling tower according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is another side view of the cooling tower of FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a detailed illustration of a liquid distribution system employed in a fluid cooler or cooling tower in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(4) In various embodiments, a cooling tower and/or a water distribution system are provided which enhance cooling performance and allow for the exchange of heat between fluids without the use of pressurized or gravity based nozzle spray systems.

(5) Some preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing figures, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. Turning to FIG. 1, a cooling tower generally illustrated 10 is shown having a frame 11 and a base 13. The frame 11 surrounds and encloses an upper fill media 12. This upper fill media material 12 is of the cross-flow type and may preferably be an evaporative fill material. Specifically, the fill media 12 may more preferably be a film type fill pack comprised of a number of thin fill sheets, with each fill sheet having features such as for example ribs, spacers, and/or integral louvers and eliminators.

(6) As illustrated in FIG. 1, the cooling tower 10 has a region or area 14 wherein louvers or slats 14 extend along a horizontal plain, separating the fill media 12 from the diffuser section 16. Generally speaking, the diffuser section 16 preferably comprises fill media similar to the fill sheets described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,548,766, the disclosure of which, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

(7) As further depicted in FIG. 1, the space or region immediately below the diffuser section 16 includes a lower serpentine conduit heat exchanger arrangement 24. The lower serpentine heat exchanger arrangement 24 may however be any type of, closed loop, fluid cooling arrangement such as for example, a parallel system having a number of parallel horizontal circuits arranged in vertical coil rows. The coils may be useful to cool any fluids, but may be typically used to cool water, water/glycol mixtures, oil or other fluids, particularly those fluids utilized in industrial processes. This written description refers to cooling water to indicate the recirculated liquid that falls through the fill media 12 and/or in contact with the air and which then falls over the lower heat exchanger 24. The word fluid will be used to refer to the liquid being cooled by traveling inside the lower heat exchanger 24. Of course one or both liquids may or may not be water.

(8) Referring back to FIG. 1, the cooling tower 10 includes an upper distribution basin 18, a series of fan cylinders or shrouds 20 and fans 22 which are disposed in each fan cylinder 20. As the name suggests, the upper distribution basin 18 sprays or distributes cool water onto and through the upper fill material 12. The cooling water, which is relatively warm at this point, has its temperature reduced by passing through the upper fill material 12, due to a number of effects including contact with air and evaporation. This water, which is now relatively cooler, drops from the bottom of the upper fill material 12 where it contacts the louver or slat region 14.

(9) The louver or slat region 14 is preferably composed of louvers or slats that are positioned at various angles beneath the upper fill material 12 to spread the water exiting the upper fill media 12 over an area that differs from the fill media 12. The water then exits the louver or slat region 14, where it contacts the water diffuser 16 where the diffuser evenly redistributes the cooling water onto the lower heat exchanger 24.

(10) The cooling water thereby passes over the lower heat exchanger 24, thereby cooling the fluid being cooled by the lower heat exchanger 24. The cooling water, after it passes through the lower heat exchanger 24, then falls into a lower collection basin 27, from which it is recirculated by a pump back up through a supply tube and into the upper distribution basin 18.

(11) As previously identified, two fans 22 are provided at the top of the cooling tower 10 to provide a cross-flow air draw over both the upper fill material 12 via the upper air inlet 50 and the lower heat exchanger 24 via the lower air inlet 52 as will be described in more detail below. The upper air inlet 50 provides for the ingress of air into the cooling tower 10 to be exposed to the upper evaporative fill 12 while the lower air inlet 52 provides an inlet for air into the cooling tower 10 such that it passes over the lower heat exchanger coil unit 24. The fluid to be cooled is provided via one or more inlets 40 to the lower heater exchanger 16 and after it is cooled is outlet through one or more outlets 34 from the lower heat exchanger. A drift eliminator 30 and sidewall barrier 32 are provided on the interior adjacent the side of the lower heat exchanger 24 and will be described in further detail below.

(12) As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the overall operation of the cooling tower 10 can be seen in more detail. In particular, the fans 22 provide a pressure differential drawing air through the respective inlets 50, 52, upward and out of the cooling tower 10. Thus, in the upper portion of the cooling tower, air is drawn into the frame assembly 11 via the inlet 50 and passes across the upper fill media 12, before exiting the fill media 12 and being drawn upward and outward from the tower 10. The relatively warm cooling water which is pumped into the upper water distribution basin 18, exits through a series of perforations or holes and falls over the upper evaporative fill media 12 where it is cooled. The cooled water exits the cross fill media 12 and engages the louvers or slats 14 wherein the louvers or slats 14 spread the water over an area that differs from the fill media 12 as previously discussed. The water then exits the louver or slat region 14, where it contacts the water diffuser 16 where it evenly redistributes the cooling water onto the lower heat exchanger 24, also as previously discussed.

(13) The relatively cool re-circulating cooling water then passes over the lower heat exchanger 24, picking up heat while doing so, and falls into the lower collection basin 27, from which it is re-circulated by a pump.

(14) As illustrated in FIG. 2, the lower heat exchanger 24 has an air outlet side generally designated 32 having a side wall barrier or baffle 31, and a drift eliminator 30. This provides several advantageous benefits, including causing the air to not only cross-flow across the coils but actually have a somewhat downward component. The bottom of the coils of the lower heater exchanger 24, are spaced above the lower basin 27 so that some air can pass thereunder and then upward through the drift eliminator 30. It has been found that positioning the drift eliminator 30 at an angle of at approximately 15 to 45 degrees from vertical, and more preferably 30 degrees, can be very advantageous in this exemplary type of arrangement. In particular, the angled orientation of the eliminator helps turn the air flow separately so that it does not crash into the back wall. This separating of the air flow makes the pressure drop of the system and hence the fan power needed. The structure of the drift eliminator 40 itself otherwise may preferably be similar to the cellular drift eliminator design described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,514,202, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

(15) Turning now to FIG. 3, an expanded exploded view of the lower portion of the tower, generally 100, is depicted. Generally speaking, the angles of the louvers and eliminators have been chosen to keep water in the heat transfer packing, minimize the parasitic pressure loss, and aid in turning the air towards the fan. Specifically, the louver region 104 is illustrated below the upper fill 102. As depicted in FIG. 3, the louver region consists of a serious of individual louvers or slats equally spaced apart wherein the louvers 105 are positioned at varying angles to horizontal. While in one preferred embodiment the louvers or slats are equally spaced, another embodiment of the present invention employs louvers or slats that may not be equally spaced depending upon application.

(16) The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.