High-voltage DC circuit breaker for blocking DC current

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-voltage direct current (DC) circuit breaker for cutting off a fault current from flowing through a line during a malfunction in a high-voltage DC line. A DC circuit breaker according to the present invention comprises: a mechanical switch disposed on a DC line; an L/C circuit connected in parallel with the mechanical switch (110), and comprising a capacitor and a reactor connected in series to each other to generate LC resonance; a first semiconductor switch, connected in parallel to the L/C circuit, for switching the unidirectional flow of the current; and a second semiconductor switch, connected in parallel to the first semiconductor switch, for switching the uni- and reverse-directional flow of current.

Claims

1. A high-voltage DC circuit breaker, comprising: a mechanical switch installed on a DC line; an LC circuit including a capacitor and a reactor connected in parallel with the mechanical switch, and connected in series with each other so as to cause LC resonance; a first semiconductor switch connected in series with the LC circuit and configured to switch a flow of current in one direction; and a second semiconductor switch connected in parallel with the first semiconductor switch and configured to switch a flow of current in a direction opposite the one direction, wherein, in a steady state, the first and second semiconductor switches are turned off, and a current flowing through the DC line is supplied to the capacitor to enable an initial voltage to be charged in the capacitor, wherein, when a fault occurs on one side of the DC line, the mechanical switch is opened and the first semiconductor switch is turned on in a state in which the second semiconductor switch is turned off, a current by the initial voltage charged in the capacitor flows through an arc formed in the mechanical switch and the first semiconductor switch, and then LC resonance occurs in the LC circuit and a polarity-reversed voltage is charged in the capacitor via the LC resonance in the LC circuit, wherein a current by the polarity-reversed voltage flows to the mechanical switch to extinguish the arc formed in the mechanical switch, and wherein, when the arc is extinguished, both the first and second semiconductor switches are turned off, and a current flowing through the DC line is supplied to the LC circuit, so that the capacitor is recharged to the initial voltage.

2. The high-voltage DC circuit breaker of claim 1, further comprising a charging resistor for charging a voltage in the capacitor.

3. The high-voltage DC circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein the first and second semiconductor switches are respectively turned on or turned off, and are connected in parallel with each other and oriented in opposite directions.

4. The high-voltage DC circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein, when the polarity-reversed voltage is charged in the capacitor, the first semiconductor switch is turned off and the second semiconductor switch is turned on, so that the current depending on the polarity-reversed voltage is supplied to the mechanical switch through the second semiconductor switch, and zero current is provided in the mechanical switch using the supplied current so as to extinguish the arc.

5. The high-voltage DC circuit breaker of claim 4, wherein the current supplied to the mechanical switch using the polarity-reversed voltage charged in the capacitor has a direction opposite to that of arc current continuously flowing through the arc in the mechanical switch and has a magnitude greater than that of the arc current.

6. The high-voltage DC circuit breaker of claim 4, wherein, when the arc is extinguished at the mechanical switch, the first and second semiconductor switches are turned off, and current flowing through the line is supplied to the capacitor so as to enable thus enabling the capacitor to be recharged to an initial voltage.

7. The high-voltage DC circuit breaker of claim 4, further comprising a nonlinear resistor connected in parallel with the mechanical switch, wherein when the arc is extinguished at the mechanical switch, a voltage on a second side of the line, which becomes higher than a voltage on the first side of the line, is consumed in the nonlinear resistor.

8. The high-voltage DC circuit breaker of claim 2, wherein the first and second semiconductor switches are respectively turned on or turned off, and are connected in parallel with each other and oriented in opposite directions.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional high-voltage DC circuit breaker;

(2) FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a high-voltage DC circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operating procedure of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker in a steady state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(4) FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing a process in which the high-voltage DC circuit breaker blocks a fault current when a fault occurs on the second side of a high-voltage DC line according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

(5) FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the operating procedure of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker in a steady state according to another embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE

(6) Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Descriptions of known functions or configurations which have been deemed to make the gist of the present invention unnecessarily obscure will be omitted below.

(7) FIG. 2 is a configuration showing a high-voltage DC circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(8) Referring to FIG. 2, the high-voltage DC circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a mechanical switch 110 installed on a DC line 10 for connecting a first side (side A) to a second side (side B). Such a mechanical switch 110 basically functions to block the DC line 10 so as to prevent a fault current from continuously flowing into a faulty circuit when a fault occurs on side A or B. For this operation, the mechanical switch 110 is closed in a steady state, and is opened in the occurrence of a fault. The switching operation of the mechanical switch 110 is controlled in response to a control signal from a control unit (not shown). Since a high current flows through the mechanical switch 110, an arc is formed across the two end electrodes of the mechanical switch 110 when the mechanical switch 110 is opened in the occurrence of a fault, and the fault current flows through the DC line 10 via the arc. Therefore, the present invention requires an additional circuit so as to completely block the fault current by extinguishing the arc.

(9) For this operation, in the present invention, an L/C circuit 120 and a first semiconductor switch 130 are connected in series with the mechanical switch 110, and a second semiconductor switch 140 is connected in parallel with the first semiconductor switch 130. The first and second semiconductor switches 130 and 140 are connected in parallel with each other and oriented in opposite directions so as to switch the bidirectional flow of current, wherein the first semiconductor switch 130 switches the flow of current in one direction, and the second semiconductor switch 140 switches the flow of current in the direction opposite the one direction. Each of the first and second semiconductor switches 130 and 140 includes, for example, a power semiconductor switch, and the switching operation thereof is controlled by a control unit (not shown). In the present embodiment, the power semiconductor switch may be a turn-on controllable device, and may be implemented as, for example, a thyristor. Alternatively, the power semiconductor switch may be a turn-on/turn-off controllable device and may be implemented as, for example, a Gate Turn-Off (GTO) thyristor, an Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor (IGCT), or an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).

(10) The L/C circuit 120 is implemented using a capacitor 121 and an inductor 122, which are connected in series. The L/C circuit 120 performs charging and discharging of the capacitor 121, thus causing LC resonance through the first or second semiconductor switch 130 or 140.

(11) Furthermore, in the high-voltage DC circuit breaker according to the present embodiment, a charging resistor 150 for charging the capacitor 121 may be connected between the junction of the L/C circuit 120 and the first semiconductor switch 130 and a ground GND. Through the charging resistor 150, the capacitor 131 of the L/C circuit 120 is charged to an initial voltage (+Vc).

(12) The high-voltage DC circuit breaker according to the present embodiment may further include a nonlinear resistor 160 connected in parallel with the mechanical switch 110. Such a nonlinear resistor 160 is configured to prevent overvoltage equal to or greater than a rated voltage from being applied across the two ends of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker when the mechanical switch 110 is closed. The nonlinear resistor 160 is operated such that, when a high voltage attributable to a fault, that is, a voltage equal to or greater than a preset reference voltage, is applied across the two ends of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker 100, the nonlinear resistor 160 is automatically turned on, thus consuming the high voltage. In the present embodiment, the nonlinear resistor 160 may be implemented as, for example, a varistor.

(13) FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operating procedure of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker in a steady state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(14) Referring to FIG. 3, in the high-voltage DC circuit breaker according to the present invention, the mechanical switch 110 is closed in a steady state, so that a DC current is supplied along the DC line 10 in a direction from the first side (side A) to the second side (side B) through the mechanical switch 110. Here, in the state in which the first and second semiconductor switches 130 and 140 are turned off, current flowing through the line 10 is supplied to the L/C circuit 120, thus enabling the capacitor 121 to be charged to the initial voltage (+Vc).

(15) FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a process in which the high-voltage DC circuit breaker blocks a fault current when a fault occurs on the second side of a high-voltage DC line according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(16) FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing a process in which the high-voltage DC circuit breaker blocks a fault current when a fault occurs on the second side of a high-voltage DC line according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(17) Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, in the high-voltage DC circuit breaker according to the present invention, when a fault occurs on the second side (side B), the mechanical switch 110 is opened, and the first semiconductor switch 130 is turned on in the state in which and the second semiconductor switch 140 is turned off, in order to prevent current from flowing through the line 10. When the mechanical switch 110 is opened, an arc is formed, and a fault current flows through the arc in the direction from side A to side B.

(18) Here, as shown in FIG. 4A, as the first semiconductor switch 130 is primarily turned on, current flows through the arc formed in the mechanical switch 110 and the first semiconductor switch 130 using the initial voltage (+Vc) charged in the capacitor 121, and then LC resonance occurs in the L/C circuit 120. Depending on this LC resonance, polarity-reversed voltage (Vc) is charged in the capacitor 121.

(19) When the polarity-reversed voltage (Vc) is charged in the capacitor 121 in this way, the first semiconductor switch 130 is again turned off, and the second semiconductor switch 140 is turned on, as shown in FIG. 4B, so that current flows through the second semiconductor switch 140 and the arc formed in the mechanical switch 110 using the polarity-reversed voltage (Vc). Since the direction of this current is opposite that of the fault current in the mechanical switch 110, zero current is realized in the mechanical switch 110, and thus the arc is extinguished. Therefore, the current supplied to the mechanical switch 110 preferably has a direction opposite that of the fault current continuously flowing through the arc in the mechanical switch 110, and has a magnitude greater than that of the fault current.

(20) Thereafter, when the arc is extinguished, both the first and second semiconductor switches 130 and 140 are turned off, and current flowing through the line 10 is supplied to the L/C circuit 120, so that the capacitor 121 is recharged to the initial voltage (+Vc). At this time, when the arc formed in the mechanical switch 110 is completely extinguished, and the fault current at the mechanical switch 110 is blocked, the voltage on side A sharply rises, compared to the voltage on side B. This rising voltage on side A is consumed in the nonlinear resistor 160, which is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch 110, thus protecting the circuit on side A.

(21) FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the operating procedure of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker in a steady state according to another embodiment of the present invention.

(22) FIG. 5 illustrates the operating procedure of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker when current is supplied from the second side (side B) to the first side (side A), unlike FIG. 3. Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 5, the mechanical switch 110 is closed in a steady state, and a DC current is supplied along the DC line 10 in the direction from the second side (side B) to the first side (side A) through the mechanical switch 110. Here, in the state in which the first and second semiconductor switches 130 and 140 are turned off, the current flowing through the line 10 is supplied to the L/C circuit 120, so that the capacitor 121 is charged to an initial voltage (+Vc). Thereafter, when a fault occurs on the first side (side A), a fault current is blocked using the same operating procedure as that described above with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B.

(23) As described above, the high-voltage DC circuit breaker according to the present invention performs LC resonance only once in order to reverse the voltage polarity of the capacitor 121 of the L/C circuit 120, rather than increasing a resonant current via current oscillation depending on LC resonance, as in the case of the conventional technology shown in FIG. 1. This makes the blocking of the circuit breaker faster than that of the conventional technology. Further, unlike the conventional technology of FIG. 1, the present invention extinguishes an arc by injecting current in the direction opposite that of the fault current flowing through the arc in the mechanical switch 110 using the voltage (Vc) stored in the capacitor 121, and by generating zero current.

(24) As described above, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the description of these embodiments. It is apparent that those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can perform various changes or modifications of the present invention without departing from the scope of the accompanying claims and those changes or modifications belong to the technical scope of the present invention although they are not presented in detail in the embodiments. Accordingly, the technical scope of the present invention should be defined by the accompanying claims.