METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAUNDRY WASTEWATER

Abstract

The present invention relates generally to an effluent treatment device including in one embodiment a skid configuration. The method and apparatus of the present invention can use only two fluid pump units and including individual or multiple membrane modules in a stacked longitudinally arranged configuration. The stacked or in series modules can be either vertical or horizontal forming a column. The membrane modules are contained in large diameter pipes with enough space around each module so that filtered permeate water collects in the pipe and backwash water can flow in the pipe to backwash the modules and contained membranes. The present invention includes one or more hollow fiber ceramic membrane modules which each includes multiple hollow fibers bundled together by end or band caps (e.g., ceramic, epoxy of glass material end caps) to form a complete membrane module. A complete hollow fiber membrane module can comprise multiple symmetric individual hollow fibers between about 2.0 to 4.00 millimeters inside diameter and can be made of aluminium oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) substrate material. The geometry of the individual ceramic fiber walls can be between about 1.0 to 2.0 millimeters in thickness, known as the membrane wall. Such ceramic hollow fibers can have pores including a range of nominal 1 nanometer to 1400 nanometers. The ceramic hollow fibers can comprise selective membranes pores including a range of nominal 1 nanometer to 1400 nanometers which may include individual or multiple separating layers attached to the fiber walls of nominal 1 to 100 nanometers. The separating layers can each be a porous polymeric material. In one embodiment, a skid mounted treatment device is operable to pass water through an individual hollow fiber ceramic membrane module or multiple membrane modules in series known as a membrane loop. Filtration is inside to out flow filtration through the hollow fiber membranes. The apparatus is also operable to pass water through the hollow fiber ceramic filter module or multiple membrane modules in an outside to in flow direction, so as to remove material from the separation layer of the hollow fiber ceramic membrane fibers, a process known as backwashing or back flushing. Contaminant materials (retentate) having been deposited during inside-out filtration of the commercial or industrial laundry effluent is removed with such back flushing.

Claims

1. A method of removing waste from a laundry wastewater stream, comprising the steps of: a) heating the wastewater stream to a temperature of at least 40? Celsius; b) transmitting the waste stream with piping to one or more modules, each module having multiple hollow ceramic fibers, each hollow ceramic fiber having a wall with an exterior and a bore; c) filtering the waste stream to remove waste material from the waste stream by flowing the waste stream from the bore laterally through the wall to the exterior of the wall; d) collecting a permeate fluid stream in step c of cleaned water that has passed through the walls of the hollow ceramic fibers; e) after a time interval, backwashing each hollow ceramic fiber by flowing a backwash fluid from the exterior of the wall, through the wall and into the bore of each hollow ceramic fiber; f) wherein in step e the backwash fluid is cleaner than the wastewater stream; g) wherein in step e, a fluid stream flows longitudinally through the bore of each hollow ceramic fiber and simultaneously with backwashing to generate a retentate stream; and h) transmitting the retentate stream to a collection vessel.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein in step a the temperature is between about 40-90 degrees Celsius.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein in step f the backwash fluid is permeate fluid that was collected in step d.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein in step f the backwash fluid includes clean water.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the wall of each hollow ceramic fiber is between about 1 and 4 mm thick.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein in step b there are multiple of said one or more modules of hollow ceramic fibers in step b.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein in step b each hollow ceramic fiber has a separating layer with a pore size of between 1 and 1400 nanometers.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein in step b there are between about 200 and 1500 of said hollow ceramic fibers in each said module.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the removed material in step c includes suspended and dissolved solids.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the removed material in step c includes dye.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the removed material in step c includes dissolved organics.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the removed material in step c includes bacteria and viruses.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the removed material in step c includes colloids.

14. The method of claim 6 wherein the multiple modules are stacked and aligned in series.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the waste stream flows at a rate of between 10 and 500 gallons (38-1,893 liters) per minute.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein the permeate fluid stream is transmitted to a washing machine after step d at a temperature of at least 35 degrees Celsius.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein each hollow ceramic fiber in step b has an outside diameter of between about 4 and 6 mm.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein each hollow ceramic fiber in step b has a length of between about 300 and 1000 mm.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein in step b each hollow ceramic fiber includes a ceramic substrate with a pore size of between about 50 and 1400 nanometers.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein in step b each hollow ceramic fiber has a polymeric or metal oxide or graphene oxide coating on the tube wall.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the filtration of step c has a duration of between about 5 and 120 minutes.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein the backwashing of step e has a duration of between about 10 and 60 seconds.

23. The method of claim 1 further comprising venting the piping and module or modules to reduce the risk of trapped air before the filtration of step c.

24. The method of claim 14 wherein there are multiple loops of stacks of modules.

25. The method of claim 1 wherein the filtration of step c includes transmitting the waste stream through the modules in a first flow direction and after the backwashing of step e transmitting the waste stream through the modules in a second flow direction that is opposite the first flow direction.

26. Laundry wastewater treatment apparatus comprising: a) a piping system having an inflow for receiving a wastewater stream to be treated; b) a heater for enabling heating of the wastewater stream to a temperature of at least 40? Celsius; c) the piping including one or more modules, each module having multiple hollow ceramic fibers, each hollow ceramic fiber having a wall with an exterior and a bore; d) one or more pumps that pump the wastewater stream to the module or modules and laterally through the wall to the exterior of the wall of each hollow ceramic fiber; e) the piping system including a permeate fluid stream of cleaned water that has passed through the walls of the hollow ceramic fibers; f) the piping system having valving that enables a backwashing each hollow ceramic fiber by flowing a backwash fluid with the pump or pumps from the exterior of the wall, through the wall and into the bore of each hollow ceramic fiber; g) wherein the backwash fluid is cleaner than the wastewater stream; h) wherein the pump or pumps transmit a fluid stream that flows longitudinally through the bore of each hollow ceramic fiber and simultaneously with backwashing to generate a retentate stream; and i) a retentate stream collection vessel that receives retentate from the modules.

27. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the temperature of the wastewater stream is between about 40-90 degrees Celsius.

28. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein backwash fluid is from the permeate fluid that was collected in step d.

29. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the backwash fluid includes clean water.

30. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the wall of each hollow ceramic fiber is between about 2 and 4 mm thick.

31. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein there are multiple of said one or more modules of hollow ceramic fibers.

32. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein each hollow ceramic fiber has a porous polymeric separating layer with a pore size of between 1 and 1400 nanometers.

33. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein there are between about 200 and 1500 of said hollow ceramic fibers in each said module.

34. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the retentate includes suspended and dissolved solids.

35. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the retentate includes dye.

36. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the retentate includes dissolved organics.

37. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the retentate includes bacteria and viruses.

38. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the retentate includes colloids.

39. The treatment apparatus of claim 31 wherein the multiple modules are stacked and aligned in series.

40. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein the wastewater stream flows at a rate of between 10 and 500 gallons (38-1,893 liters) per minute.

41. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 further comprising a washing machine and wherein the permeate fluid stream flows to the washing machine with a flow line at a temperature of at least 35 degrees Celsius.

42. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein each hollow ceramic fiber has an outside diameter of between about 4 and 6 mm.

43. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein each hollow ceramic fiber has a length of between about 300 and 1000 mm.

44. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein each hollow ceramic fiber includes a ceramic substrate with a pore size of between about 50 and 1400 nanometers.

45. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein each hollow ceramic fiber has a porous polymeric coating on the hollow ceramic fiber wall.

46. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 wherein there are multiple loops of stacks of modules.

47. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 further comprising a skid or base and wherein all or part of the piping system is mounted on the skid or base.

48. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 further comprising a skid or base and wherein all or part of the pumps is mounted on the skid or base.

49. The treatment apparatus of claim 26 further comprising a skid or base and wherein all or part of the modules is mounted on the skid or base.

50. The treatment apparatus of claim 47 wherein the piping system includes permeate and retentate flow lines supported upon the skid or base.

51. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0116] For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and wherein:

[0117] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a method and apparatus of the present invention;

[0118] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method and apparatus of the present invention;

[0119] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method and apparatus of the present invention showing pumping to the left side conduit;.

[0120] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method and apparatus of the present invention showing a flushing of fluid in a forward direction;

[0121] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method and apparatus of the present invention showing the backwash step after filtration;

[0122] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method and apparatus of the apparatus of the present invention showing pumping of effluent into the right side conduit;

[0123] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method and apparatus of the present invention illustrating cleaning in place of membranes;

[0124] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method and apparatus of the present invention illustrating cleaning in place of membranes;

[0125] FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view illustrating a module that contains multiple hollow fiber ceramic membranes;

[0126] FIG. 10 is a fragmentary view illustrating a module that contains multiple hollow fiber ceramic membranes;

[0127] FIG. 11 is a fragmentary view illustrating a module that contains multiple hollow fiber ceramic membranes;

[0128] FIG. 12 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating a single hollow fiber ceramic membrane;

[0129] FIG. 13 is fragmentary cross sectional view of a single hollow fiber ceramic membrane;

[0130] FIG. 14 is a partial perspective view that illustrates inside to out filtration during a normal operating mode for filtration;

[0131] FIG. 15 is a fragmentary perspective view of a hollow fiber ceramic membrane showing outside to in filtration during a backwash operating mode;

[0132] FIG. 16 is a partial plan view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention showing a skid mounted embodiment;

[0133] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention showing a skid mounted embodiment;

[0134] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention showing a skid mounted embodiment and with filtration treatment beginning with the right side conduit;

[0135] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention showing a skid mounted embodiment and with filtration treatment beginning with the left side conduit;

[0136] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating backwashing beginning with the left side conduit; and

[0137] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention illustrating backwashing beginning with the right side conduit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0138] FIGS. 1-21 show a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, designated generally by the numeral 10. In one embodiment, apparatus 10 can be in the form of a skid mounted treatment unit 62 preferably with pump, valve and piping components for ease of transport and to reduce footprint. Apparatus 10 in FIGS. 1-8 preferably has piping that routes an incoming wastewater stream 12 to pretreatment screen 13 (e.g., vibratory screen) and then feed tank 14. In FIGS. 1-8, wastewater stream 12 can be transmitted from commercial laundry 11 to an effluent sump 15 before cleaning at screen/pre-filter 13 to remove larger particles such as lint or fiber material. Flow line 16 has pump 18 for transfer of fluid from tank 15 to screen 13 and then via line 17 to tank 14.

[0139] Feed tank or vessel 14 receives flow from sump 15 and screen 13 via flow lines 16, 17. Feed tank 14 transmits the wastewater stream 12 to the various pump, valve and treatment module components that can be skid mounted on skid or base or frame 62 (see FIGS. 16-21). Apparatus 10 has a piping system that includes a left conduit 39 and a right conduit 40. One or more hollow fiber ceramic membranes modules 44-45 (see FIGS. 9-15) is housed in a generally U-shaped pipe section that includes two spaced apart vertical sections 93 connected by a one hundred eighty degree (180?) elbow 94. Modules 44-45 preferably are in conduits 39, 40 but have annular space around each module 44, 45 for collecting permeate water or for introducing backwash water. Conduits 39, 40 can be a part of six (6) vertical sections 93 of pipe each preferably housing a stack of three filtration modules 44 or 45. Two of the vertical sections 93 connect at a 180 degree elbow 94 (see FIGS. 16-21). Flow outlets 96 are provided on the conduits 39,40 and elbow sections 94 for permeate discharge and for retentate discharge. The permeate discharge flow outlets receive backwash water during a backwash cycle (see FIGS. 4 and 5). Each module 44-45 preferably has a plurality of hollow ceramic fibers membranes 46. FIGS. 9-15 show such modules 44-45 and ceramic fiber membranes 46 in more detail.

[0140] The method of the present invention intermittently alternates fluid to a left hand side membrane loop conduit 39 then to the right hand side membrane loop conduit 40 via a 180 degree elbow 94. In between the left hand conduit filtration (see FIG. 3) and the right hand conduit filtration (see FIG. 6) is a backwash cycle (see FIGS. 4-5).

[0141] In one embodiment, the method includes heating the wastewater stream or effluent held in a feed tank 14 by way of a valve 21 (e.g., actuated control valve) and heater or steam injector line 20. Feed tank 14 can have a level control and overflow line 19. Steam or heater 20 may be operable to heat the wastewater or effluent in tank 14 to about 40 degrees centigrade or more. The heater 20 may be operable to heat the effluent to about 50 degrees centigrade or more. The heater 20 may be operable to heat the effluent to within a temperature range of about 50 to 80 degrees centigrade. The heater 20 may be operable to heat the effluent to about 60 degrees centigrade or more.

[0142] Once effluent 12 is at a temperature of between about 50 and 80 degrees centigrade, the feed pump 22 is enabled to a set point of between about 1-10 bar. Pump 22 receives flow from feed tank 14 via line 23 with valve 24. Pump 22 pumps to line 26 which is an inlet conduit. From pump 22, flow goes to pump 25 (circulation pump) and through valve 35 or 36 to the filtration modules 44 or 45. There are two (left and right) conduits 39, 40 each with multiple modules 44 or 45. Each module 44 or 45 is preferably contained in a stainless steel conduit or pipe 39 or 40 that enables filtered water to be collected after filtration through each hollow fiber ceramic membrane 46. The stainless steel conduit or pipe 39, 40 also preferably contains fluid used for backwash in an out to in flow path (seen in FIGS. 11 and 15).

[0143] In FIGS. 1-21 there are preferably eighteen (18) modules including nine (9) left side modules 44 and nine (9) right side modules 45. The membrane modules 44, 45 can be individual or stacked forming a vertical or horizontal column 93. A circulation loop conduit (lines 37, 39, 40, 38) feeds the hollow fiber ceramic membrane modules 44, 45. During this method, crossflow occurs at each hollow fiber membrane 46 in the module 44 or 45, separating contaminated effluent that is channeled to both the retentate conduit 41 and clean fluid conduits 50, 51, 52 known as permeate to the permeate clean tank 57.

[0144] Pump 22 supplies the wastewater 12 to circulation pump 25 via line 26 and valve 27. Tee fitting 32 connects line 26 and 33. Pump 25 discharges into line 31 and tee fitting 34 which provides selective transmission of fluid to either line 37 or 38 depending upon the open or closed state of valves 35, 36.

[0145] A circulation is enabled during filtration by transmitting the wastewater 12 in a first direction through lines 39, 40 and modules 44, 45 and back to circulation pump 25 via flow line 33. FIG. 3 demonstrates such a left conduit filtration. Retentate line 41 connects to lines 39, 40 and continuously removes retentate that is filtered by the modules 44, 45.

[0146] Retentate line 41 enables transmission of retentate to feed tank 14 via valves 42, 43. Part of the retentate stream of line 41 can be discarded to drain or sewer 49 via drain line 47 and valve 48. Permeate flow lines 50, 51, 52 transmit cleaned fluid from modules 44, 45 to permeate tank 57. Line 52 has valve 88. Permeate lines 50, 51 connect to line 52 at tee fittings 54, 55. Permeate tank 57 can be used for backwashing (FIGS. 4-5). Line 66 is a backwash flow line having valve 56. Line 66 joins line 23 at tee fitting 69. Line 61 enables pH adjustment of permeate water in tank 57. pH adjustment device 59 enables a desired pH adjustment via line 61 and pump 60. Clean water can be transmitted to commercial laundry 11 via flow line 63, pump 64 and discharge line 65. Water can optionally be discharged from feed tank 14 via flow line 98 and valve 99 to sewer 49.

[0147] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of filtration with pumping of effluent into the left conduits 39. Valve 71 of backwash line 70 is closed. Valve 36 is closed. Valve 67 is closed. Valve 56 is closed. Recirculating flow is from pumps 22 and 25 to line 31, then to line 37 via open valve 35, then to left inlet conduits 39 and then through the modules 44, 45 to lines 40 and 38. Valve 68 is open enabling recirculation to circulation pump 25 via line 33 to tee fitting 32.

[0148] The filtration of FIG. 3 can operate for a time period of about 5 or more minutes. FIGS. 10 and 14 show filtration for a module 44 or 45 and for a single hollow fiber ceramic membrane 46. The backwash or backflush cycle then begins as seen in FIGS. 4-5.

[0149] FIGS. 9-15 illustrate filtration and backwash at modules 44, 45 and at each hollow fiber ceramic membrane 46. There are between about two hundred and fifteen hundred (200-1500) hollow fiber ceramic membranes 46 in each module 44, 45. These membranes 46 are bundled together to provide an overall cylindrically shaped bundle 87 of membranes 46 that are held in the cylindrically shaped bundle shape with end bands or end caps 72, 73. Flow of waste 12 enters each module (and thus each hollow fiber ceramic membrane 46) at one end 74, discharging at the other end 75. Arrows 76 designate entry of wastewater into each membrane 46 while arrows 77 represent the discharge of retentate from each module 44 or 45, as seen in FIG. 10. Arrows 78 represent the inside to outside flow of permeate (cleaner) water from membranes 46 inner channel 79 to outer surface 80 of each membrane 46 (see FIGS. 10 and 14).

[0150] Channels 79 of membranes 46 are open ended so that wastewater 12 enters channel 79 at a first end 81 then exits channel 79 at a second end 82. Membrane 46 can have a generally cylindrically shaped wall 84 surrounding channel 79. Wall 84 has inner surface 83 with a separating layer of porous polymeric material or porous ceramic material.

[0151] FIGS. 4-5, 11 and 15 illustrate a backwash which occurs after the filtration of FIG. 3. In FIG. 4, there is illustrated a flushing of fluid in a forward direction after the FIG. 3 filtration. Inlet conduits 23, 26 are flushed of commercial or industrial wastewater 12 using permeate from tank 57 or city water via flow line 66. Feed pump 22 and circulation pump 25 are activated for about 5-10 seconds. After about 5-10 seconds, the feed and circulation pumps 22, 25 are deactivated and all valves are moved to the positions of FIG. 5. The feed pump 22 is run at the same set point as for the FIG. 3 filtration but the circulation pump 25 is run at a lower frequency to create a pressure differential that enables the backwash flow shown in FIGS. 11 and 15. In FIG. 4, valves 24, 27, 35, 42, 43, 68 and 48 are open. Backwash line 66 valve 56 is open. Flow is from pumps 22, 25 via valves 24, 27 to line 31, then through valve 35 to lines 39, 40 then to line 38. Pump 25 is slowed so that flow in modules 44, 45 is from the outside to the inside of each hollow fiber ceramic membrane 46 as seen in FIGS. 11 and 15. Arrows 85 represent an outside to inside flow of fluid from outer surface 80 of each membrane 46 to the inside surface 83 and into the channel 79 as occurs during backwash. Simultaneously, flow through channel 79 is longitudinally from one end 81 to the other end 82 as illustrated by arrows 86 in FIG. 15. The flow longitudinally preferably carries away retentate that is adhered to inside surface 83 during the FIG. 3 filtration.

[0152] In FIG. 5, backwashed fluid exits modules 44, 45 via retentate line 41 and opened valves 42, 43. Retentate line 41 receives flow from conduits 39 and 40. Some of the retentate in line 41 can be dumped into sewer 49 via line 47 and valve 48. Backwash recirculating fluid travels from lines 66 to pump 22 to pump 25 to line 31 to lines 39, 40 then to line 38 and valve 68, then line 33 back to pump 25 as seen in FIG. 4. Backwash of FIGS. 4-5 is typically shorter in duration than the filtration cycle of FIG. 3. In FIGS. 11 and 15 pressure of water flowing through wall 84 (arrows 85, FIG. 15) is greater than the pressure of water flowing longitudinally in channel 79 as illustrated by arrows 86. Backwashing or back flushing includes the device inlet conduit being flushed of commercial or industrial effluent with fluid such as permeate or city water.

[0153] FIG. 6 shows filtration but with pumping of effluent into the right conduit. FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 3, but valve 35 is closed and valve 36 is open so that flow through the modules 44, 45 is reverse when compared to the direction of flow in FIG. 3. In FIG. 6, valves 21, 24, 27, 36, 42 and 67 are opened. Valves 35, 68 and 53 are closed. Flow of waste 11 from tank 14 is via line 23 and valve 24 to pump 22 then via valve 27 to circulation pump 25, then line 31 to valve 36 to line 38 and then to inflow lines 40 and through modules 44, 45 to line 39 to valve 67 and line 33 to pump 25. This recirculation and filtration in FIG. 6 takes place for a filtration cycle of a selected time period.

[0154] The present invention can optionally use cleaning in place. Cleaning in place can include the external injection from clean in place dosing tank 28 and pump 29 and via line 30 into the commercial or industrial laundry effluent treatment device of an alkali or acidic solution into the feed tank 14, mixed with clean water being city or permeate water. Clean in place is operable to preserve, maintain or restore the clean fluid permeation flow through the ceramic hollow fiber wall 84, being either individual or multiple hollow fiber membranes 46, which preferably includes nominal 220 to 1500 individual ceramic hollow fibers 46 preferably made of a substrate such as an aluminium oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) substrate material. Selective pore sizes of the aluminium oxide substrate material (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) can be about 50 to 1400 nanometers, also but not limited to selective pore sizes of the aluminium oxide substrate material (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) being nominal 50 to 1400 nanometers, including nominal 1 to 100 nanometers ceramic or porous polymeric coating or multiple separate porous ceramic or polymeric coatings, acting as a separation layer attached to the membrane fiber wall at 83. In one embodiment, each hollow ceramic fiber 46 can have a polymeric or metal oxide or graphene oxide coating on the tube wall 84. In one embodiment, each hollow ceramic fiber can have a polymeric or metal oxide or graphene oxide coating on the tube wall. The metal oxide can preferably be, for example, aluminium oxide, zirconia oxide or titanium oxide. In FIGS. 7-8 clean in place device 28 transmits a selected cleaning chemical from the dosing device 28 and pump 29 to tank 14. Valves 24, 27, 35, 36, 42, 43, 56, 67, 68, 71 and 88 are opened. Valve 100 is opened to drain all fluid via line 101 to sewer 49. Line 98 and valve 99 can also be used to drain all fluid. Clean in place cycle can have a duration of about 60-1200 seconds. In FIG. 8, valves 24, 27, 35, 42, 43, 53 and 68 are open. Flow to valve 53 is via line 58.

[0155] FIGS. 16-21 show an embodiment that employs a structural skid or base 62 to support components of the apparatus 10 of the present invention that are detailed in FIGS. 2-8. Skid or base 62 supports pumps 22, 25, stacks of modules 44, 45 and all valves (seen in FIGS. 2-8) downstream of effluent tank 14. Typically, skid 62 would not contain tank 14, screen 13, sump 15, or retentate tank 57. Skid or base 62 can contain a control panel 95 that would control operation of all pumps and valves. Retentate flow line 41 can be mounted in an elevated position above modules 44, 45. Permeate flow line 52 could be elevated as shown above modules 44, 45.

[0156] FIG. 16 shows a top view of a skid 62 that holds the pumps, valves and fittings of FIGS. 1-8 but typically not tanks 14, 15, 57 and screen 13. FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the embodiment of FIG. 16.

[0157] FIG. 18 shows right side filtration system with arrows 90 showing the path of fluid flow. FIG. 18 is a skid 62 mounted unit that corresponds to the flow diagram of FIG. 6. FIG. 19 shows a left filtration with arrows 89 showing the path of fluid flow. FIG. 19 is a skid 62 mounted unit that corresponds to FIG. 3.

[0158] FIG. 20 shows backwashing left side wherein arrows 91 show the path of fluid flow. FIG. 21 shows backwashing right side wherein arrows 92 show the path of fluid flow. FIGS. 20 and 21 are skid mounted 62 versions.

[0159] The treatment equipment 10 shown in the drawings should be completely vented of air before filtration of FIG. 3 or 6. Trapped air within the associated skid conduits and membrane module or modules combined with the introduction of fluid flow and pressure could compromise the integrity and performance of the individual or bundled hollow fiber ceramic membrane fibers 46.

[0160] The following is a list of parts and materials suitable for use in the present invention:

PARTS LIST

[0161]

TABLE-US-00002 PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION 10 wastewater treatment apparatus 11 commercial laundry 12 commercial/industrial laundry effluent/wastewater 13 pretreatment screen/filter/vibrating screen 14 feed tank/vessel 15 sump/effluent sump 16 flow line 17 flow line 18 pump 19 overflow line 20 steam/steam inlet/steam flow line/heater 21 valve 22 feed pump 23 flow line 24 valve 25 circulation pump 26 flow line 27 valve 28 clean in place dosing device 29 pump 30 flow line 31 flow line 32 tee fitting 33 flow line 34 tee fitting 35 valve 36 valve 37 flow line 38 flow line 39 left conduit/membrane loop conduit 40 right conduit/membrane loop conduit 41 retentate line 42 valve 43 valve 44 module of ceramic hollow fiber membranes (left) 45 module of ceramic hollow fiber membranes (right) 46 hollow fiber ceramic membrane 47 drain line 48 valve 49 sewer 50 permeate flow line 51 permeate flow line 52 permeate flow line 53 valve 54 tee fitting 55 tee fitting 56 valve 57 clean water tank/permeate tank 58 flow line 59 pH adjustment device 60 pump 61 flow line 62 skid mounted treatment unit 63 flow line 64 permeate pump 65 flow line 66 backwash flow line 67 valve 68 valve 69 tee fitting 70 flow line 71 valve 72 band/cap 73 band/cap 74 end portion/end 75 end portion/end 76 arrow 77 arrow 78 arrow 79 channel 80 outer surface 81 end 82 end 83 inner surface 84 wall 85 arrow 86 arrow 87 bundle of fibers 88 valve 89 arrow 90 arrow 91 arrow 92 arrow 93 vertical section 94 180 degree elbow 95 control panel 96 flow outlet 98 line 99 valve 100 valve 101 flow line

[0162] All measurements disclosed herein are at standard temperature and pressure, at sea level on Earth, unless indicated otherwise. All materials used or intended to be used in a human being are biocompatible, unless indicated otherwise.

[0163] The foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only; the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by the following claims.