ELECTROMAGNETIC SPACETIME CONTINUUM PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR SPACE TRAVEL

Abstract

An electromagnetic propulsion system for the movement of spacecraft by means of ejection of the perturbed dark matter. In the present invention, to perturb and accelerate the dark matter, the electromagnetic energy generated by microwave generators is supplied to a number of position-adjustable electromagnetic vibrators that form a phased antenna array inside the waveguide. Since the dark matter permeates the Universe and its reserves are unlimited, it can be used as a working medium in the constant acceleration propulsion system for as long as the electric power supply lasts. Since the electromagnetic propulsion system has infinite reserves of the working medium, the specific impulse is also infinite. The speed of the dark matter jet approaches the speed of light.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic propulsion system comprising a semi-closed H.sub.10 type microwave waveguide, wherein the said waveguide's closed end is a reflective endwall, a plurality of at least three electromagnetic vibrators, a plurality of at least three phase-shifting devices, a plurality of at least three microwave generators, and at least one phase synchronizer

2. The electromagnetic propulsion system of claim 1, characterized in that the said reflective endwall is perpendicular to the waveguide's longitudinal axis and longitudinal walls.

3. The electromagnetic propulsion system of claim 2, characterized in that the said vibrators are placed inside the said waveguide, along its longitudinal axis, through insertion orifices in the waveguide's longitudinal wall.

4. The electromagnetic propulsion system of claim 3, characterized in that the said vibrators are placed parallel to each other and to the said reflective endwall, wherein the vibrator closest to the said reflective endwall is placed at a distance of one-half wavelength (λ/2) from the said reflective endwall, so that the electromagnetic wave reflected from the reflective endwall is in phase with the vibrator's own oscillations, resulting in emergence of the traveling electromagnetic wave, propagating along the waveguide, and wherein the subsequent vibrators are placed at a distance between the adjacent vibrators of one-quarter wavelength (λ/4) reduced by 1-10% of the wavelength to ensure the phase advance of each vibrator relative to the phase of the electromagnetic wave coming from the previous vibrator.

5. The electromagnetic propulsion system of claim 4, characterized in that each of the said vibrators receives microwave energy separately from one of the said microwave generators through one of the said phase shifters, so tuned that the oscillation phases of the vibrators are shifted by one-quarter period less 1-10 angular degrees, and the oscillations of all generators occur in phase, being synchronized with each other by the said phase synchronizer.

6. The electromagnetic propulsion system according to claim 3, characterized in that the said vibrator insertion orifices in the waveguide's longitudinal wall are of an elongated shape with respect to the waveguide's longitudinal axis, so the vibrator's longitudinal position within the waveguide can be adjusted to change the distance between the vibrators, providing the desirable phase advance of the vibrators relative to the phase of the incoming electromagnetic wave.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] FIG. 1 shows the schematic design of the electromagnetic propulsion system.

[0040] FIG. 2 shows side and top view schematic diagrams of the H.sub.10 type waveguide with installed vibrators and propagating electromagnetic wave.

[0041] FIG. 3 shows the schematic diagram of dark matter movement through the waveguide.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0042] The operating principle of the electromagnetic propulsion system is based on creating a traveling electromagnetic wave inside a semi-closed H10 type microwave waveguide by three or more, for example four, vibrators. The present inventors chose to use an electromagnetic field of high intensity, preferably above 500 V, and ultra-high frequency of 2.45 GHz and above, generated by a magnetron, to perturb the dark matter.

[0043] Generation of electromagnetic oscillations inside a type H10 waveguide by the microwave energy generated by a magnetron is well known and commonly used.

[0044] Generation of the electromagnetic waves in the metal waveguide results in emergence of alternating local magnetic fields, induced on the conductive walls of the said waveguide by alternating electric fields. Alternating electric field is induced by a vibrator in form of a whip antenna.

[0045] The distance between the whip antenna (vibrator) within the waveguide and the waveguide's rear blank endwall, the reflective endwall, is selected based on the desired electromagnetic wave type. If a standing electromagnetic wave is needed, then this distance is a multiple of one-quarter wavelength (λ/4), and if a traveling electromagnetic wave is required, then the distance is a multiple of one-half wavelength (λ/2).

[0046] Since the present invention requires a traveling electromagnetic wave, the group velocity of which is as close as possible to the speed of light, the first vibrator (antenna) is placed at one-half wavelength (λ/2) from the reflective endwall.

[0047] The propulsion system, as shown in the FIG. 1, comprises the metal waveguide (1), with the reflective endwall (2), perpendicular to the waveguide's longitudinal axis, the vibrators (3) placed, parallel to each other and to the said reflective endwall, along the waveguide's longitudinal axis, connected through the adjustable phase-shifting devices (4) ensuring the phase shift of the vibrators relative to each other, to the microwave generators (6), interconnected by the phase synchronizer (5) to ensure the in-phase oscillations of the said generators.

[0048] The first vibrator is placed inside the said waveguide, on one of the waveguide's sidewalls along its longitudinal axis, at a distance of one-half wavelength (λ/2) from the said reflective endwall. Each subsequent vibrator is placed, within the waveguide along its longitudinal axis, at a distance slightly smaller than one-quarter wavelength (λ/4) from a previous vibrator. This said distance between the subsequent vibrators is chosen to be smaller than one-quarter wavelength (λ/4) by about 1-10%, preferably between 1% and 5% of the wavelength, to ensure the traveling electromagnetic wave phase advance on each vibrator in comparison with free (resonant) oscillations.

[0049] Generating the electromagnetic waves within the waveguide helps preventing the dispersion of electromagnetic energy, and propagates it in such a manner so that the electromagnetic wave interacts with the dark matter over a longer length of the microwave beam. As a result, the efficiency of entrainment and acceleration of the dark matter by the electromagnetic energy significantly increases in comparison with an open antenna array.

[0050] Although, the multi-whip antennas (vibrators), operating from a single magnetron is a possibility, the present inventors chose to use a separate magnetron for each antenna (vibrator) to add up power and increase thrust of the entire propulsion system.

[0051] In the preferred embodiment of the said electromagnetic propulsion system, as schematically shown in the FIG. 2, the insertion orifices for the vibrators (3) in one of the longitudinal walls of the said waveguide (1) are made in form of longitudinal grooves (7), enabling a possibility of adjusting the vibrator's position to obtain the maximum thrust of the propulsion system.

[0052] When the said vibrator, placed at exactly one-half wavelength (λ/2) distance from the reflective endwall of the waveguide, generates an electromagnetic wave (8) that propagates in both directions along the waveguide's longitudinal axis, the reflected from the reflective endwall in phase 180° (−180°) electromagnetic wave changes direction to opposite and propagates toward the open end of the waveguide. The reflected electromagnetic wave exactly coincides in phase and direction with the electromagnetic wave propagating to the open end of the waveguide from the first vibrator and amplifies it.

[0053] When the oscillation phases of the second, third, fourth and all subsequent, if any, vibrators are shifted by 90° from the previous vibrators, and the distance between them is equal to one-quarter wavelength (λ/4), all vibrators would oscillate in resonance. The energy of all vibrators adds up, and the electromagnetic wave is traveling, thus the group velocity of the electromagnetic waves is close to their phase velocity (speed of light).

[0054] The oscillations occur in antiphase in every other vibrator. When the electric field potentials at the ends of the first vibrator are at their maximum, the phase of the said vibrator's oscillations is 0°, the alternating electric current in the vibrator is zero, the magnetic field around the vibrator is zero. In the second vibrator (oscillation phase 90°) and in the fourth vibrator (oscillation phase 270°), the electric currents are at maximum and of opposite directions, and the magnetic field is at maximum. The third vibrator is in the 180° phase and the alternating electric current in it is zero, and the magnetic field around the vibrator is zero.

[0055] The present inventors chose the distance between the vibrators to be less than one-quarter wavelength (λ/4), and the phase shifters to shift the oscillation phases of the vibrators slightly forward (by several angular degrees). Under this condition the electromagnetic wave from the first vibrator arrives at the second and the subsequent vibrators a little earlier than it would otherwise have arrived, were the distance between the adjacent vibrators exactly one-quarter wavelength (λ/4). Oscillations of the alternating current in the vibrator and the electromagnetic field around the vibrator would also be with a phase advance. The generated by the vibrator electromagnetic wave and the incoming electromagnetic wave from the previous vibrator get superimposed. The front of electric component of the electromagnetic wave becomes asymmetric: the leading edge of the electromagnetic wave becomes steeper, and its trailing edge becomes more gradual. The difference between the leading and trailing front pressure of the electromagnetic wave causes the dark matter with elastic properties to move in the direction of the electromagnetic wave travel. The phase advance sections of the electromagnetic wave oscillations are also shifted in the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation, thus the group velocity of the electromagnetic wave increases and the electromagnetic wave energy is propagated in the same direction.

[0056] The magnetic component of the electromagnetic wave is a local vortex magnetic field that emerge around the vibrators with the alternating current. Since the current in the vibrators is alternating, the magnetic fields are also alternating. These magnetic fields interact with the waveguide, vibrators and with each other (Lorentz force). FIG. 2 shows the magnetic fields around the second and fourth vibrators are at maximum and have propagated to one-quarter wavelength (λ/4). The field's boundary has managed to propagate beyond the adjacent vibrators as the distance between the vibrators is less than one-quarter wavelength (λ/4), thus the magnetic fields of all vibrators crossed.

[0057] Since the repulsive force between two magnetic fields is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, it is significant and can be used for the purpose of this propulsion system. At the moment of the maximum magnetic field strength at a distance of less than one-half wavelength (λ/2) (less than 6 cm at a frequency of 2.45 GHz), the magnetic repulsion force can exceed 100 N, using a standard commercially available household magnetron (microwave oven type). Therefore, the said vibrators must be mechanically firmly and rigidly secured in their respective insertion orifices within the said waveguide.

[0058] As the traveling electromagnetic wave moves towards the waveguide's open end, the distance between the maxima and minima of the magnetic components of the electromagnetic wave increases to one-half wavelength (λ/2), the magnetic field oscillations transition to free-inertial from the forced ones. Therefore, the repulsive forces are weakening almost to zero. It should be noted, the electrical and magnetic resistance of the dark matter, while being small is not zero due to dielectric and magnetic permeability of the dark matter, prevents the repulsive forces of the maxima of the said magnetic components of the electromagnetic wave from falling to zero even after the electromagnetic wave is withdrawn from the vibrators. This creates additional wave pressure on the vibrators and the reflective endwall of the waveguide. Consequently, the resultant of the forces is directed towards the reflective endwall of the waveguide. The magnetic fields are coupled to the vibrators and the reflective endwall of the waveguide. Therefore, the thrust force of the propulsion system is applied to the vibrators and to the waveguide.

[0059] A jet of the accelerated dark matter (9) is ejected from the waveguide (1) (FIG. 3). The ejected dark matter is replaced through the walls of the waveguide (1), by the unperturbed dark matter (10) that enters the waveguide (1) from the surrounding space.

[0060] Since the dark matter has a distributed mass, it's motion relative to the mechanically interconnected vibrators and the waveguide, generates a thrust force according to the law of conservation of momentum. The thrust force is numerically equal to the difference of elastic repulsive forces between the vortex magnetic components of the electromagnetic wave. Adjacent magnetic components of the electromagnetic wave are the result of the induction of magnetic fields by the opposite electric currents in the vibrators. The Lorentz force pushes these magnetic fields away from each other, because they are induced by the opposite electric currents. Since the distance between the vibrators is less than one-quarter wavelength (λ/4), the propagating with a speed of light magnetic fields around the vibrators have enough time to overlap before reaching their maximum and beginning to decrease.

[0061] Thus, the combination of the above solutions in the said propulsion system led to the emergence of qualitatively new features: [0062] Placing several vibrators inside the waveguide makes it possible to add up and concentrate electromagnetic energy, increasing the efficiency of the propulsion system; [0063] Traveling electromagnetic wave accelerates the dark matter in one preferred direction much better than a standing electromagnetic wave, resulting in increased thrust; [0064] Three or more vibrators that oscillate with phase advance shift, allow effectively perturbing and accelerating the dark matter due to the asymmetry of the leading and trailing edges of the electromagnetic waves. [0065] Outflow of the reactive dark matter jet from the propulsion system results in emergence of reactive thrust used for propulsion.