Forging apparatus with forging rams guided in the direction of stroke and accommodating forging tools

Abstract

The invention relates to a forging apparatus, comprising forging rams (4) that are guided in the direction of stroke and accommodate forging tools (3), and lifting drives (7) which can be driven by a shaft (10) and which are supported in a non-positive manner on an abutment (12) of the forging rams (4) held under pretension in contact on the lifting drives (7). In order to provide simple constructional conditions it is proposed that the shafts (10) of the lifting drives (7) comprise two drive cams (11) which are angularly offset by 180 in relation to each other, are centrally symmetric with respect to the shaft axis, and cooperate with the abutments (12) of the forging rams (4).

Claims

1. A forging apparatus, comprising: (a) first and second forging rams guided in a stroke direction and comprising a first abutment and a second abutment, respectively; (b) first and second forging tools accommodated in the first and second forging rams, respectively; (c) first and second shafts having a first shaft axis and a second shaft axis, respectively; (d) first and second lifting drives driven by the first and second shafts, respectively, and supported on the first and second abutments, respectively, the first and second abutments being held in contact on the first and second lifting drives, respectively; (e) a frame; and (f) first and second support bearings disposed on the frame; wherein the first shaft comprises first and second drive cams angularly offset by 180 in relation to each other, centrally symmetric with respect to the first shaft axis, and cooperating with the first abutment; wherein the second shaft comprises third and fourth drive cams angularly offset by 180 in relation to each other, centrally symmetric with respect to the second shaft axis, and cooperating with the second abutment; wherein the first shaft is rotatably guided between first and second bearing shells, wherein the first bearing shell is arranged in the first abutment and the second bearing shell is arranged opposite of the first bearing shell in the first support bearing supported in the stroke direction on the frame; wherein the second shaft is rotatably guided between third and fourth bearing shells, and the third bearing shell is arranged in the second abutment and the fourth bearing shell is arranged opposite of the third bearing shell in the second support bearing supported in the stroke direction; and wherein the first support bearing is mounted perpendicularly to the first shaft and is displaceably mounted in the frame perpendicularly to the stroke direction and the second support bearing is mounted perpendicularly to the second shaft and is displaceably mounted in the frame perpendicularly to the stroke direction.

2. The forging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first shaft has an oval cross-section in a region of the first and second drive cams and the second shaft has an oval cross-section in a region of the third and fourth drive cams.

3. A forging apparatus, comprising: (a) first and second forging rams guided in a stroke direction and comprising a first abutment and a second abutment, respectively; (b) first and second forging tools accommodated in the first and second forging rams, respectively; (c) first and second shafts having a first shaft axis and a second shaft axis, respectively; (d) first and second lifting drives driven by the first and second shafts, respectively, and supported on the first and second abutments, respectively, the first and second abutments being held in contact on the first and second lifting drives, respectively; (e) a frame; and (f) first and second support bearings disposed on the frame; wherein the first shaft comprises first and second drive cams angularly offset by 180 in relation to each other, centrally symmetric with respect to the first shaft axis, and cooperating with the first abutment; wherein the second shaft comprises third and fourth drive cams angularly offset by 180 in relation to each other, centrally symmetric with respect to the second shaft axis, and cooperating with the second abutment; wherein the first shaft is rotatably guided between first and second bearing shells, and the first bearing shell is arranged in the first abutment and the second bearing shell is arranged opposite of the first bearing shell in the first support bearing supported in the stroke direction on the frame; wherein the second shaft is rotatably guided between third and fourth bearing shells, and the third bearing shell is arranged in the second abutment and the fourth bearing shell is arranged opposite of the third bearing shell in the second support bearing supported in the stroke direction; and wherein the first and second support bearings are adjustably mountable on the frame in the stroke direction.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) The subject matter of the invention is shown in the drawings by way of example, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view in sections of a forging apparatus in accordance with the invention in the region of a lifting drive for the forging ram of a forging tool;

(3) FIG. 2 shows said forging apparatus in a sectional view along the line II-II of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a constructional variant of a forging apparatus in accordance with the invention;

(5) FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale;

(6) FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a forging apparatus in accordance with the invention in a view corresponding to FIG. 1, and

(7) FIG. 6 shows a sectional view along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(8) The forging apparatus according to FIGS. 1 and 2 comprise a frame 1, e.g. having four forging tools 3 which are distributed around a forging axis 2 and which are exchangeably arranged on rams 4. The rams 4, of which only one is shown, are displaceably mounted in the frame 1 radially to the forging axis 3. For this purpose, the frame 1 forms a guide bearing 6 for each ram 4 provided with a sliding sleeve 5.

(9) The rams 4 are connected to lifting drives 7, which comprise a shaft 10 which is connected via a coupling 8 to a drive motor and which comprise two drive cams 11 which are angularly offset against each other by 180 and are centrally symmetric with respect to the shaft axis. For the purpose of forming these drive cams 11, the shafts 10 are provided in the cam region with an oval cross-section, as is shown especially in FIG. 2. The drive cams 11 cooperate with abutment 12 of the rams 4, which is provided with a cylindrical bearing shell 13 via which the rams 4 can be held to be pressed against the shaft 10 in the known manner by means of pressure springs 14 which are only schematically indicated in FIG. 1 and can be of different configuration, because it is only necessary to return the rams 4 with the forging tools 3 in the return stroke according to the progression of the drive cams 11.

(10) The shaft 4 for the lifting drive 7 is rotatably mounted in radial bearings 15 on both sides of the drive cams 11, via which the loads caused by the forging forces need to be transferred from the shaft 4 to the frame 1. If the shaft 4 is driven by the drive motor 9, both drive cams 11 are used during a rotation of the shaft with the effect that not only the stroke frequency of the rams 4 is doubled in comparison with conventional eccentric drives, but that also substantial mass balancing can be achieved if a conventional rotational-symmetric arrangement of the forging tools is assumed. In conjunction with abutments 12 having cylindrical sliding blocks 13, advantageous lubricating conditions between the sliding shells 13 and the drive cams 11 can also be maintained, thus providing generally advantageous constructional conditions.

(11) The constructional preconditions can additionally be improved even further according to the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 when the shaft 10 of the lifting drives 7 is not mounted in radial bearings 15 laterally to the drive cams 11, but is rotatably guided between two cylindrical bearing shells 13, 17 formed by the abutment 12 of the rams 4 on the one hand and by a support bearing 16 on the other hand, which support bearing is opposite said abutment 12 and is supported in the direction of stroke on the frame 1. In this case, the loads caused by the forging forces are transferred via the drive cams 11 and the support bearing 16 directly to the frame 1, so that the shaft 4 of the lifting drive 7 is not subjected to any bending loads. However, the inevitably occurring displacement of the shaft axis needs to be considered, which can be solved in a simple way by providing a compensating coupling 18 between the drive motor 9 and the shaft 10. The bearing of the shaft 4 of the lifting drives 7 between two cylindrical bearing shells 13, 17 via the drive cams 11 leads to the additional advantage that for a predetermined stroke the radial excess length of the drive cams 11 in relation to the circular shaft cross-section merely needs to correspond to a half the stroke, so that the drive cams 11 lead to only comparatively low deviations from the circular cross-section, which has an advantageous effect on the bearing conditions of the shaft 10 between the two bearing shells 13, 17. It is still recommended however to displaceably mount the support bearing 16 in relation to the frame 1 perpendicularly to the shaft 10 and perpendicularly to the direction of stroke in order to prevent additional loads that occur otherwise. This displaceable bearing of the support bearings by guides 19 for the support bearings 16 is indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4.

(12) The embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 substantially corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4. In contrast to FIGS. 3 and 4, the stroke position can additionally be set. For this purpose, the support bearing 16 associated with the frame 1 can be adjusted in the direction of stroke, i.e. radially to the forging axis 2. For this purpose, an actuating drive 20 is provided, which is formed in accordance with the embodiment as a hydraulic actuating drive, which is in not mandatory in any way. The piston 22, which is mounted in the cylinder 21 of the actuating drive 20 which is fixed to the frame, is actuated via a hydraulic medium connection 23, wherein the actuating part is monitored via a measuring device 24. Since the support bearing 16 is carried by the piston 22 of the actuating drive 20, the stroke position of the rams 4 is also changed by an adjustment of the piston 22. The stroke per se remains unchanged, which merely depends on the formation of the drive cams 11. The additional actuating possibility for the support bearing 16 must be considered in addition, e.g. via the compensating coupling 18 for example.