Luminaires utilizing edge coupling

Abstract

A luminaire includes at least first and second waveguides. The first waveguide has a first coupling surface extending between a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and the second waveguide has a second coupling surface extending between a third surface and a fourth surface opposite the third surface. The first and second coupling surfaces define a coupling cavity. The luminaire further includes at least one light source within the coupling cavity.

Claims

1. A luminaire, comprising: first and second waveguides comprising first and second coupling surfaces, respectively, extending along a length dimension thereof; and at least one LED element carried by a structural member between the first and second coupling surfaces of the respective first and second waveguides, wherein each coupling surface comprises a first edge and a second edge opposite the first edge, wherein the structural member is disposed adjacent to the second edges of the first and second coupling surfaces, wherein the structural member supports the first and second waveguides, and wherein the structural member comprises optical grade silicone.

2. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein at least one of the coupling surfaces is scalloped.

3. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein at least one of the coupling surfaces is textured.

4. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the structural member is overmolded onto the second edges of the first and second coupling surfaces of the respective first and second waveguides.

5. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the structural member comprises a piece-wise linear shape to approximate a concave curve relative to the coupling surfaces of the waveguides.

6. The luminaire of claim 1, wherein the luminaire exhibits an overall efficiency of at least 90%.

7. A luminaire, comprising: a first waveguide comprising a first coupling surface extending between opposing surfaces; a second waveguide comprising a second coupling surface extending between further opposing surfaces, wherein the second coupling surface is spaced apart from the first coupling surface; a frame comprising first and second receptacles for receiving the first and second waveguides, respectively; and a light source disposed within the frame between the first and second coupling surfaces of the first and second waveguides, respectively, wherein the frame further comprises a first structural member and a second structural member, and wherein the first and second coupling surfaces of the first and second waveguides are disposed between the first and second structural members.

8. The luminaire of claim 7, wherein the light source is carried by the first structural member.

9. The luminaire of claim 8, further comprising a plurality of dividers extending from the first member toward the second structural member, the first coupling surface, and the second coupling surface.

10. The luminaire of claim 7, wherein a plurality of extraction features are disposed on at least one of the opposing surfaces of the first and second waveguides.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a luminaire shown from above;

(2) FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the luminaire of FIG. 1 taken generally along lines 2-2 of FIG. 1;

(3) FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a further embodiment of a luminaire shown from above;

(4) FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of the luminaire of FIG. 3 taken generally along lines 4-4 of FIG. 3;

(5) FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of a coupling cavity of the luminaire of FIG. 3 taken generally along lines 5-5 of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the coupling cavity of FIG. 5 from below;

(7) FIG. 7 is a fragmentary plan view of the coupling cavity of the luminaire of FIG. 3;

(8) FIGS. 8-10 are fragmentary isometric views of further embodiments of luminaires;

(9) FIG. 11-20 are a fragmentary front elevational view of further embodiments of the luminaire;

(10) FIG. 21 is an isometric view of a further embodiment of a luminaire shown from above;

(11) FIG. 22 is a sectional view of the luminaire of FIG. 21 taken generally along the lines 22-22 of FIG. 21;

(12) FIG. 23 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the coupling cavity of the luminaire of FIG. 22;

(13) FIG. 24 is a sectional view of the luminaire taken generally along the lines 24-24 of FIG. 21; and

(14) FIG. 25 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the coupling cavity of FIG. 23.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(15) As shown in the FIGS., the luminaires of the present application utilize edge coupling to couple light from a light source into one or more waveguides. In the drawings, like reference numerals connote like structures throughout. The following examples further illustrate specific embodiments but, of course, should not be construed in any way as the scope of this disclosure.

(16) FIG. 1 illustrates a luminaire 100 that utilizes multiple edge coupling and includes a first waveguide 102 and a second waveguide 104. Although not shown, in each of the embodiments disclosed herein a luminaire includes one or more waveguides each having one or more light extraction features to extract light therefrom. If desired, more than two waveguides could be used, each having at least one light extraction feature. The first and second waveguides 102, 104 are disposed between opposing first and second structural members 106, 108 and are spaced apart to form a coupling cavity 110 (FIG. 2). As seen in FIG. 2, a plurality of LEDs 112 is disposed on a printed circuit board 114 mounted on an inner surface 116 of the first structural member 106. The second structural member 108 is disposed opposite the first structural member 106 and includes a light diverter 132 comprising a reflective element 118 opposite the plurality of LEDs 112.

(17) Specifically, the first waveguide 102 has a first coupling surface 120 extending between opposing surfaces 122, 124, and the second waveguide 104 has a second coupling surface 126 extending between further opposing surfaces 128, 130. Each LED 112 extending from the inner surface 116 of the first member 106 adjacent the first and second coupling surfaces 120, 126 produces a near-Lambertian light distribution where some but not all of the light rays are directly incident on the first and second coupling surfaces 120, 126 of the waveguides 102, 104. The reflective element 118 of the second member 108 directs light that is not directly incident on the adjacent coupling surfaces 120, 126 onto the coupling surfaces 120, 126 with a minimum number of reflections. More generally, the light diverter 132 may use reflection, scattering, transmission, refraction, total internal reflection, and/or any combination of methods for re-directing the light onto the waveguide coupling surfaces 120, 126.

(18) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the light diverter 132 has a planar or V-shape formed by first and second faces 134, 136 that extends along the coupling surfaces 120, 126. The light diverter 132 may be extruded aluminum or other metal, or a reflective polymer, or a substantially transparent member with reflective, scattering, refractive, and/or TIR surfaces, and may include a reflective or scattering coating or the like. The light diverter 132 may have other shapes or surfaces as necessary to develop the desired light distribution.

(19) Further, the first and second coupling surfaces 120, 126 of the respective first and second waveguides 102, 104 have a planar surface. In another embodiment, the first and second coupling surfaces 120, 126 may be scalloped along the length of the first and second waveguides 102, 104. Such scallops maximize the amount of light directly incident on the first and second coupling surfaces such that the amount of light refracted into the waveguide 102, 104 is increased and the amount of light reflected off of the coupling surfaces 120, 126 due to Fresnel reflection is decreased. In other embodiments, the first and second coupling surfaces 120, 126 may be planar, curved, and/or piecewise linear approximating a curve. In still other embodiments, the first and second coupling surfaces 120, 126 may incorporate an anti-reflection coating to further improve the coupling of light into the waveguide.

(20) Each LED element or module 112 may be a single white or other color LED, or each may comprise multiple LEDs either mounted separately or together on a single substrate or package to form a module including, for example, at least one phosphor-coated LED either alone or in combination with at least one color LED, such as a green LED, a yellow LED, a red LED, etc. In those cases where a soft white illumination is to be produced, each LED element or module 112 or a plurality of such elements or modules may include one or more blue shifted yellow LEDs and one or more red LEDs. The LEDs may be disposed in different configurations and/or layouts as desired. Different color temperatures and appearances could be produced using other LED combinations, as is known in the art. The luminaire may include LEDs 112 of the same type of phosphor-converted white LED, or any combination of the same or different types of LEDs discussed herein. In some embodiments, a luminaire may include a plurality of groups of LEDs 112, where each group may include LEDs 112 having different colors and/or color temperatures. The groups of LEDs 112 may be separated by dividers 234, as described below, wherein the LEDs 65 are disposed within the coupling cavity. In embodiments having LEDs of the same or similar color, dividers 234 may not be necessary or desired. Further, In one embodiment, the light source may comprise any LED, for example, an MT-G LED incorporating TrueWhite LED technology or as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/649,067, filed Oct. 10, 2012, entitled LED Package with Multiple Element Light Source and Encapsulant Having Planar Surfaces by Lowes et al., the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, as developed and manufactured by Cree, Inc., the assignee of the present application. If desirable, a side emitting LED disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,541,795, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, may be utilized inside the waveguide body. In some embodiments, each LED element or module 112 may comprise one or more LEDs disposed vertically within the coupling cavity. In any of the embodiments disclosed herein the LED element(s) or module(s) 112 may have a Lambertian or near-Lambertian light distribution, although preferably each may have a directional emission distribution (e.g., a side emitting distribution), as necessary or desirable to further increase the portion of light directly incident on the first and second coupling surfaces 120, 126, or to modify or control the angular distribution of light within the waveguide. More generally, any Lambertian, near-Lambertian, symmetric, wide angle, preferential-sided, or asymmetric beam pattern LED(s) may be used as the light source.

(21) Referring to FIG. 3, an alternative embodiment of a luminaire 200 is shown having a first waveguide 202 and a second waveguide 204 positioned in a frame 206. The first and second waveguides 202, 204 are disposed between opposing first and second structural members 208, 210, and first and second coupling surfaces 212, 214 of the respective first and second waveguides 202, 204 are spaced apart to form a coupling cavity 216 (FIG. 4). The first and second structural members 208, 210 extend along the lengths of the first and second waveguides 102, 104. A heat sink 218 having a plurality of parallel plates extends outwardly from the first structural member 208, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. A driver circuit 220 disposed on the heat sink 218 is housed within an enclosure 222. The heat sink 218 serves to dissipate heat generated by the LEDs 112 and is, therefore, in thermal contact with the printed circuit board 114 upon which the LEDs 112 are mounted. Further, the heat sink 218 and driver 220 may be disposed on the same side of the frame 206, or on opposite sides thereof.

(22) A plurality of LEDs 224 is disposed within the coupling cavity 216 shown in FIG. 4 along an inner surface of the first structural member 208 opposite the heat sink 218. Each LED 224 produces a Lambertian or near-Lambertian light distribution where some but not all of the light rays are directly incident on the first and second coupling surfaces 212, 214 of the waveguides 202, 204. A reflective element 226 along an inner surface of the second member 210 may include a light diverter 228 to direct light not directly incident on the adjacent coupling surfaces 212, 214 onto the coupling surfaces 212, 214 with a minimum number of reflections. In this embodiment, the light diverter 228 has a V-shape formed by first and second faces 230, 232 extending along the length of the coupling cavity 216. In other embodiments, the light diverter 228 may have a curved, flat or concave shape as desired. In some embodiments, the light diverter 228 may be extruded such that a cross-section thereof is constant along the length of the first and second waveguides 102, 104.

(23) Further, as seen in FIG. 5, the reflective element 226 may further include a plurality of dividers 234 to facilitate the mixing of light from an adjacent LED 112, limit the angle of incidence of light incident on the first and second coupling surfaces 212, 214, reduce interaction and light absorption between LED components 112, etc. The dividers 234 may comprise first and second surfaces 236, 238 that extend outwardly from the reflective element 226. The first and second surfaces 236, 238 are spaced apart at a base 240 on the reflective element 226 and abut one another at an outer edge 242 to form an angle . In some embodiments, the angle is approximately 45 degrees, although the angle may vary depending on the desired mixing of the light and/or coupling of the light into the waveguides 202, 204. Referring to FIG. 6, the outer edge 242 is piecewise linear in shape approximating a semi-circle curved shape, although other outer edge geometries may be desired.

(24) Referring to FIG. 7, the divider 234 may be employed to minimize the amount of light reflected back into the coupling cavity due to Fresnel reflection. The divider 234 intercepts light rays 244 emitted from an LED that would otherwise strike the coupling surface 212, 214 of the waveguide 202, 204 at a large angle relative to the surface normal of the coupling surface, to prevent a substantial portion of such light rays from being reflected back into the coupling cavity 216. Intercepted light 244 is instead directed toward the coupling surfaces 212, 214 of the waveguides 202, 204 at an angle relative to the surface normal of the coupling surface smaller than angle so that a reduced and/or minimized amount of light is reflected back into the coupling cavity 216.

(25) In the example embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-7, the dividers 234 separate the plurality of LEDs 112 into groups 246 of three LEDs. Each group of LEDs may include a first blue-green emitting LED 248, a red emitting LED 250, and a second blue-green emitting LED 252. The light emitted by each LED 248, 250, 252 mixes to form a white light having a high color rendition index. Other colors and/or hues may be produced by various combinations of different LEDs. In applications where the output light is produced by mixing light from two LEDs, it may be preferred to use dividers 234 to separate a plurality of LEDs 112 individually or into groups of two. In applications where the output light is produced by mixing light from four LEDs, the dividers 234 may separate a plurality of LEDs 112 into groups of four, and so on.

(26) Seen best in FIG. 6, a gap 254 may be provided between each divider 234 and the adjacent surfaces of the first structural member 208 and the first and second coupling surfaces 212, 214. Each gap 254 allows for some light to escape from one group 246 of LEDs to an adjacent group 246. The amount of light, if any, that is mixed between groups 246 may be modified in order to produce a desired color, hue, and/or light distribution. In other embodiments, the divider 234 may extend fully to the adjacent surfaces 208, 212, 214 to prevent any light from mixing between adjacent groups 246. In still other embodiments, the gap 254 may be larger or smaller depending on the desired effect. Still further, the divider 234 may be transparent with some reflective surfaces. A transparent divider may use refraction and/or total internal reflection to direct the light rays toward the first and second coupling surfaces of the respective first and second waveguides.

(27) FIG. 8 illustrates a further embodiment of a luminaire 300 utilizing multiple edge coupling and in which a light diverter is omitted. Each waveguide 302, 304 includes a curved coupling section 306, 308 adjacent a coupling surface 310, 312, respectively. A thickness defined by the opposing surfaces is constant through the coupling section 306, 308 to the coupling surface 310, 312. The radii of curvature of the coupling sections 306, 308 of the respective waveguides 302, 304 are selected in accordance with the thickness of the waveguide 302, 304 to provide surfaces that totally internally reflect light. For example, each radius of curvature may be about three to four times the thickness of the waveguide, such that a waveguide having a thickness of approximately 3 mm to approximately 4 mm has a radius of curvature ranging from about 12 mm to about 16 mm. First and second coupling surfaces 310, 312 of respective first and second waveguides 302, 304 are aligned along a length of the luminaire 300. A housing 314 extends along the length of the luminaire 300 adjacent the first and second coupling surfaces 310, 312 to form a coupling cavity 316.

(28) More specifically, the first and second coupling surfaces 310, 312 abut one another along first edges 318, 320 of the coupling surfaces 310, 312. The coupling surfaces 310, 312 diverge from the adjoined first edges 318, 320 to form an angle therebetween. In any of the embodiments disclosed herein the coupling surfaces may be disposed at an angle therebetween in a range between about zero degrees (i.e., parallel to one another) to about 180 degrees or more, and, more preferably, in a range between about 45 degrees and about 100 degrees, and most preferably in a range between about 80 degrees and about 90 degrees. A plurality of LEDs (not shown) is disposed along the length of the housing 314 within the coupling cavity 316. In contrast to the coupling surfaces 120, 126 of the coupling cavity 110 of FIG. 2, the coupling surfaces 310, 312 of FIG. 8 are angled about the LED (not shown). A greater amount of light emitted from the LEDs is directly incident on the angled coupling surfaces 310, 312, resulting in an increased coupling efficiency as compared to the coupling cavity 110 of FIG. 2. Outer edges of the housing 314 are aligned with second edges 322, 324 of the coupling surfaces 310, 312. The housing 314 has a piecewise linear shape approximating a curve in cross section. The housing 314 may be made of aluminum, polycarbonate, other any suitable material, or combinations thereof. Further, the housing 314 may be manufactured or formed by any method such as extrusion, molding, co-extrusion, or may comprise separate pieces that are bonded, adhered, joined, or otherwise held together.

(29) FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate still further embodiments of a luminaire 400, 500, respectively, having first and second planar waveguides with curved coupling sections. A housing 414, 514 made of optical grade silicone is overmolded around the second edges of the coupling surfaces to create overlap portions 426, 526. Such overmolding provides the mechanical coupling to hold the waveguides 402 and 404, 502 and 504 together. However, some light is absorbed and/or scattered out of the waveguide at the overlap portions 426, 526, resulting in the loss of light out of the waveguides 402, 404, 502, 504. The housing 414 of the luminaire 400 of FIG. 9 is lambertian (matte) white polycarbonate that is 95% reflecting, 5% absorbing. The housing 514 of luminaire 500 is lambertian (matte) white polycarbonate that is 50% reflecting, 50% absorbing. Other materials having various levels of absorption may be utilized. The housing may be made of aluminum, polycarbonate, other any suitable material, or combinations thereof, and may be manufactured or formed by any method such as extrusion, molding, co-extrusion, overmolding, or may comprise separate pieces that are bonded, adhered, joined, or otherwise held together.

(30) Further still, the coupling efficiency of light into the coupling surfaces of the waveguides may be adjusted by varying the surfaces of the coupling cavity. Referring to the luminaire 700 of FIG. 11, waveguides 702, 704 and a printed circuit board (PCB) 708 form a fully enclosed coupling cavity 706. The full enclosure of the LEDs 710 results in a high coupling efficiency. The waveguides 702, 704 may have a constant thickness of approximately 3 mm, although other dimensions, shapes, and curvature may be used. Suitable LEDs may be Cree XQ LEDs manufactured and sold by Cree, Inc., although other types and sizes may be used as desired.

(31) In other embodiments shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a larger LED 810, 910 may be used, thereby requiring a larger coupling cavity 806, 906. In the luminaire 800 of FIG. 12, a gap 812 is provided between the waveguides 802, 804 in order to accommodate the LED 810. In FIG. 13, gaps 912a, 912b are provided between the waveguides 902, 904 and the PCB 908 to accommodate the LED 910. The waveguides 802, 804, 902, 904 may have a constant thickness of about 3 mm to about 4 mm, although other dimensions, shapes, and curvature may be used. A suitable LED for these embodiments may be Cree XP, XH, or XT LEDs manufactured and sold by Cree, Inc., although other types and sizes may be used as desired.

(32) Coupling cavities having gaps at the base thereof have higher coupling efficiencies than coupling cavities having gaps above the LED. Such gaps may be left exposed or may be enclosed with a separate optical layer. Referring to FIG. 14, a reflective element 1014 at the gap 1012 above the LED 1010 directs light into the waveguides 1002, 1004. The luminaire 1200 of FIG. 16 shows reflective elements 1214a, 1214b at gaps 1212a, 1212b at the base of the coupling cavity 1206. The reflective element may be metallic or a plastic painted with a reflective coating, or other similar material.

(33) In some embodiments, it may be desired to emit light adjacent the coupling cavity. A transmitting layer may be disposed at or spaced apart from the gap, or spaced apart from the light source(s) at a particular distance to produce a desired appearance having specific color and/or source mixing. FIG. 15 illustrates a luminaire 1100 having a transmissive element 1116 at the gap 1112 above the LED 1110 to control the direction and appearance of light passing through the gap 1110. The luminaire 1300 of FIG. 17 includes transmissive lenses 1316a, 1316b at gaps 1312a, 1312b at the base of the coupling cavity 1306. The transmitting layer may be roughened acrylic, polycarbonate, glass, silicone, or a similar material.

(34) Such separate optical elements may be used to secure the waveguides and PCB relative to one another. The optical layers 1418, 1518 of the respective luminaires 1400, 1500 of respective FIGS. 18 and 19 bond or otherwise secure the waveguides 1402 and 1404, 1502 and 1504 together. Further, the optical layers 1618a, 1618b of the luminaire 1600 of FIG. 20 secure the waveguides 1602, 1604 to the PCB 1608.

(35) Such optical elements may be mounted to the coupling cavity through various methods such as overmolding, the use of adhesives, the use of mechanical features, co-extrusion, other methods, and combinations thereof. Such mounting methods may also be applied to luminaires having fully enclosed coupling cavities.

(36) FIGS. 21-25 illustrate a further luminaire 1700 that utilizes multiple edge coupling. Referring first to FIGS. 21-23, a first waveguide 1702 and a second waveguide 1704 are disposed between opposing first and second structural members 1706, 1708 and are spaced apart to form a coupling cavity 1710 best seen in FIGS. 23 and 25. As seen in FIGS. 23 and 24, a plurality of LEDs 1712 is disposed on a printed circuit board 1714 mounted on an inner surface 1716 of the first structural member 1706. The second structural member 1708 is disposed opposite the first structural member 1706 and is joined thereto by fasteners 1717. Each waveguide has a length L (FIG. 21), a width W (FIG. 21), and a height H (FIG. 23). In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second waveguides 1702, 1704 are identical, although this need not be the case, and the length L, width H, and height H of the first and second waveguides 1702, 1704 are about 220 mm, 270 mm, and 4.5 mm, respectively. In other embodiments, a luminaire may include a greater or lesser number of identical or non-identical waveguides having the same or different sizes and/or shapes. Further, the coupling cavity 1710 has a length Lc along which the plurality of LEDs is disposed. The second structural member 1708 includes a light diverter 1732 comprising a reflective element 1718 opposite the plurality of LEDs 1712.

(37) The first waveguide 1702 has a first coupling surface 1720 extending between opposing surfaces 1722, 1724, and the second waveguide 1704 has a second coupling surface 1726 extending between further opposing surfaces 1728, 1730. Each LED 1712 extending from the inner surface 1716 of the first member 1706 adjacent the first and second coupling surfaces 1720, 1726 produces a near-Lambertian light distribution where some but not all of the light rays are directly incident on the first and second coupling surfaces 1720, 1726 of the waveguides 1702, 1704. The light diverter 1732 directs light not directly incident on the adjacent coupling surfaces 1720, 1726 onto the coupling surfaces 1720, 1726 with a minimum number of reflections. As in the previous embodiment the light diverter 1732 may use reflection, scattering, transmission, refraction, total internal reflection, and/or any combination of methods for re-directing the light onto the waveguide coupling surfaces 1720, 1726.

(38) In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 21-25, the light diverter 1732 has a V-shape formed by first and second faces 1734, 1736 (FIG. 25) and extends along the widths of the first and second waveguides 1702, 1704. The light diverter 1732 may be extruded aluminum or other metal, or a reflective polymer, or a substantially transparent member with reflective, scattering, refractive, and/or TIR surfaces, and may include a reflective or scattering coating or the like. The light diverter 1732 may have other shapes or surfaces as necessary to develop the desired light distribution.

(39) A housing 1740 is disposed atop the second structural member 1708 and a drive circuit 1742 is disposed in the housing 1740 (FIG. 23). Further, light extraction features are located in four areas 1744a-1744d (FIG. 21) on upper and/or lower surfaces of the waveguides 1702, 1704.

(40) Simulations were performed modeling light diverters having various geometries and coatings/materials and with different spacings between waveguides. Specifically, with reference to FIG. 25, light diverters having different side angles and having either specular (mirror-like) reflectors and Lambertian (scattering) reflectors together with waveguide spacings of 4 mm and 7 mm were modeled. In each case, the smaller (4 mm) waveguide spacing yielded higher coupling efficiencies. The best results were obtained at a waveguide spacing of 4 mm and a Specular angled reflector with a 30 degree corner angle . In the Lambertian (scattering) reflector case, the coupling efficiency was found to be nearly independent of reflector angle, due primarily to the omnidirectional nature of Lambertian scattering. The following table specifies the results of the simulation:

(41) TABLE-US-00001 LAMBERTIAN 4 mm Waveguide Spacing 7 mm Waveguide Spacing ANGLE Coupling Absorption Coupling Absorption Efficiency by PCB Efficiency by PCB 0 91.3% 2.7% 84.7% 5.4% 10 91.4% 2.7% 84.7% 5.4% 20 91.5% 2.6% 84.8% 5.3% 30 91.6% 2.5% 85.0% 5.0% 40 91.8% 2.3% 84.9% 4.6% 50 91.9% 2.1%

(42) TABLE-US-00002 SPECULAR 4 mm Waveguide Spacing 7 mm Waveguide Spacing ANGLE Coupling Absorption Coupling Absorption Efficiency by PCB Efficiency by PCB 0 89.6% 3.7% 83.8% 6.0% 10 92.4% 2.1% 87.5% 4.0% 20 93.7% 1.3% 90.2% 2.4% 30 94.0% 1.1% 90.9% 1.7% 40 93.7% 1.1% 90.5% 1.7% 50 93.7% 1.1%

(43) In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, and, in general, any suitable specular or Lambertian scattering surface with corner angles between about zero and about 70 degrees could be used, with corner angles between about zero degrees and about 60 degrees for Lambertian reflectors and between 10 degrees and 60 degrees for specular reflectors being more preferred and corner angles between about 20 and about 50 degrees being most preferred, particularly for specular reflectors.

(44) In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, it should be noted that the corner angles could be equal or unequal. Also in any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the LEDs need not be centered under the center of the light diverter, but may be offset with respect thereto. Still further, in any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the light diverter may include any number of light diverting surfaces, each of which may comprise a flat surface (i.e., planar surface), a curved surface, a piecewise planar surface, or another shaped surface, and/or any combination thereof. Waveguide spacing distance in any of the embodiments disclosed herein preferably ranges between the minimum spacing distance required to accommodate the LEDs up to about 12 mm, with distance ranges between about 2 mm and about 10 mm being more preferred and spacing distances between 4 mm and about 7 mm being most preferred. Also, in any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the coupling surfaces may be parallel, as seen in FIG. 25, pr the coupling surfaces may be inclined relative to one another at an angle therebetween regardless of whether a light diverter is employed. In addition, in any of the embodiments disclosed herein, each coupling surface may comprise any number of surfaces, each of which may be a flat surface (i.e., planar surface), a curved surface, a piecewise planar surface, or another shaped surface, and/or any combination thereof. Still further, in any of the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the LEDs may be equally or unequally spaced from the coupling surfaces.

(45) Any of the embodiments disclosed herein may include a power circuit having a buck regulator, a boost regulator, a buck-boost regulator, a SEPIC power supply, or the like, and may comprise a driver circuit as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/291,829, filed May 30, 2014, entitled High Efficiency Driver Circuit with Fast Response by Hu et al., or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/292,001, filed May 30, 2014, entitled SEPIC Driver Circuit with Low Input Current Ripple by Hu et al., incorporated by reference herein. The circuit may further be used with light control circuitry that controls color temperature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein in accordance with user input such as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/292,286, filed May 30, 2014, entitled Lighting Fixture Providing Variable CCT by Pope et al. incorporated by reference herein.

(46) Further, any of the embodiments disclosed herein may include one or more communication components forming a part of the light control circuitry, such as an RF antenna that senses RF energy. The communication components may be included, for example, to allow the luminaire to communicate with other luminaires and/or with an external wireless controller, such as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,040, filed Mar. 1, 2013, entitled Lighting Fixture for Distributed Control or U.S. provisional application No. 61/932,058, filed Jan. 27, 2014, entitled Enhanced Network Lighting both owned by the assignee of the present application and the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. More generally, the control circuitry includes at least one of a network component, an RF component, a control component, and a sensor. The sensor, such as a knob-shaped sensor, may provide an indication of ambient lighting levels thereto and/or occupancy within the room or illuminated area. Such sensor may be integrated into the light control circuitry.

(47) In any of the embodiments disclosed herein the material(s) of the waveguides preferably comprise optical grade materials that exhibit TIR characteristics including, but not limited to, one or more of acrylic, air, polycarbonate, molded silicone, glass, and/or cyclic olefin copolymers, and combinations thereof, possibly in a layered arrangement, to achieve a desired effect and/or appearance.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(48) At least some of the luminaires disclosed herein are particularly adapted for use in installations, such as, outdoor products (e.g., streetlights, high-bay lights, canopy lights), and indoor products (e.g., downlights, troffers, a lay-in or drop-in application, a surface mount application onto a wall or ceiling, etc.) preferably requiring a total luminaire output of at least about 100 lumens or greater, and, in some embodiments, a total luminaire output of at least about 3,000 lumens, and in other embodiments, a total lumen output of about 10,000 lumens to about 20,000 lumens. For example, a total lumen output of up to 10,000 lumens may be desired in some industrial and business lighting applications such as warehouse lighting. Further, the luminaires disclosed herein preferably have a color temperature of between about 2500 degrees Kelvin and about 6200 degrees Kelvin, and, in some embodiments, between about 2500 degrees Kelvin and about 5000 degrees Kelvin, and, in other embodiments, about 2700 or 3500 degrees Kelvin. Also, at least some of the luminaires disclosed herein preferably exhibit an efficacy of at least about 80 lumens per watt, more preferably at least about 100, and most preferably 120 lumens per watt. Additionally, at least some of the luminaires disclosed herein preferably exhibit an overall efficiency (i.e., light extracted out of the waveguide divided by light injected into the waveguide) of at least about 70 percent, preferably, at least about 80 percent, and most preferably, at least about 90 percent. A color rendition index (CRI) of at least about 80 is preferably attained by at least some of the luminaires disclosed herein, with a CRI of at least about 88 being more preferable, and at least about 90 being most preferable. Some luminaires exhibit a CRI of at least about 90 while maintaining a relatively high efficiency. Any desired particular output light distribution, such as a butterfly light distribution, could be achieved, including up and down light distributions or up only or down only distributions, etc.

(49) All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

(50) The use of the terms a and an and the and similar references in the context of describing the embodiments are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., such as) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any element as essential to the practice of the disclosure.

(51) Numerous modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description. It should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are exemplary only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the disclosure.