Mycological Biomaterial

Abstract

A growth medium formed as an inoculum including a preselected fungus and a nutrient material capable of being digested by the fungus is placed in or on a tool formed of a material capable of being at least partially consumed by the fungus. The tool may define a cavity of predetermined shape for the growth medium or the tool may form a scaffolding on which the growth medium grows into the final product taking on the shape of the tool.

Claims

1. A mycological biomaterial, wherein the mycological biomaterial is formed by: forming a growth medium comprising an inoculum including a preselected fungus and a nutrient material capable of being digested by the fungus; and placing the growth medium in a tool formed of a material that is capable of being at least partially consumed by the fungus, wherein the tool defines a cavity of a predetermined shape for the growth medium and the tool serves as a scaffold for growth of the preselected fungus.

2. The mycological biomaterial of claim 1, wherein the material that is capable of being at least partially consumed by the fungus comprises at least one of: plant fibers, paper fibers, plant-derived non-woven materials, and plant-derived woven materials.

3. The mycological biomaterial of claim 1, wherein the material that is capable of being at least partially consumed by the fungus comprises at least one of: synthetic fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, nylon fibers and plastic fibers.

4. The mycological biomaterial of claim 1, wherein the tool serves as a scaffold for fungal growth by allowing pre-selected fungus to bind to the tool.

5. The mycological biomaterial of claim 1, wherein the tool serves as a scaffold for fungal growth by defining a negative space that is populated during fungal growth.

6. The mycological biomaterial of claim 1, wherein the preselected fungus grows through and over the tool.

7. The mycological biomaterial of claim 6, wherein the tool is formed of a plastic mesh and the preselected fungus grows through and around the plastic mesh.

8. The mycological biomaterial of claim 7, wherein the plastic mesh has a plurality of cavities that are of sufficient diameter to retain the growth medium while allowing air flow.

Description

[0026] These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates a casting of mycological biomaterials in accordance with the invention;

[0028] FIG. 2 illustrates the casting of Fig.1 during a step of spraying the casting with a starch or gelatin to form a coating thereon; and

[0029] FIG. 3 illustrates the casting of FIG. 1 after the spray on coating has formed a hardened shell in accordance with the invention.

[0030] The following sets forth several application examples in accordance with the invention:

[0031] 1. Spray Application of Starch or Gelatin Shell (see FIGS. 1-3) [0032] a. Gel-assisted casting of mycological biomaterials is a method used to form the substrate that the mycelium will bind in a specific shape that is grown outside of a tool. This is often aided by the use of a gelling agent. A consumable tool would also be invaluable for retaining substrate shape and feature resolution throughout the growing period. A starch, including seeds, such as Chia and Psylium seeds, or an alginate, such as, agar agar, or gelatin may be sprayed in liquid form onto the shape in an even coat immediately following casting. The resultant starch or gelatin shell would harden and hold the shape in place and be, fully consumed as the mycelium colonizes the substrate.

[0033] 2. Formed Consumable Tools [0034] a. These single-use tools are produced using a variety of materials and combinations of materials. Fibers (woven or nonwoven), paper pulp, substrate fibers, mycelium sheets, nutrients, and starches may be combined in any permutation to provide the necessary support for the desired shape of the biomaterial. This method would be similar to creating pressed paper products. Like the starch shell, this tool would be fully consumed during substrate colonization.

[0035] 3. Molded Plastic Mesh [0036] a. A molded plastic mesh may be used as a tool in applications that require additional rigidity in the exoskeleton of the shape. A mycelium skin will form through and over the mesh while it remains in place, providing structure during and after the growing process.

[0037] 4. Plastic Trays Partially Open to the Environment [0038] a. Plastic trays may be filled to grow biomaterials open to the environment, which may be controlled. This method uses considerably less plastic material than enclosed plastic tools.

[0039] The following sets forth several process examples in accordance with the invention:

EXAMPLE 1

Starch Shell Over Casted Substrate

[0040] 1. A cotton burr substrate is sterilized, mixed with 20% v:v Ganoderma tsugae millet grain inoculum and cast into desired shapes 10 (only one of which is illustrated) on a perforated aluminum sheet 11 as illustrated in FIG. 1. [0041] 2. The shapes 10 are sprayed with an even coat of sterile 4 g/L cornstarch water as indicated in FIG. 2 from a suitable source, such as a spray container 12, with the coat subsequently hardening into a shell 13 over the casted shape 10 as indicated in FIG. 3. [0042] 3. The sheets of shapes are then incubated in large filter patch bags until fully colonized. [0043] 4. The parts are dried to 0% moisture.

EXAMPLE 2

Consumable Paper Fiber Tool

[0044] 1. A slurry of cellulose fibers, hemicellulose, water, and nutrients is created, sterilized, and subsequently vacuum-pressed on a buck of the desired form. This process molds the tool. [0045] 2. Once the tool is formed, hardened, and dry, it may be filled with a mixture of sterilized buckwheat hulls and 20% (v:v) liquid culture inoculum of Ganoderma tsugae. [0046] 3. The part is allowed to incubate in a controlled-environment incubator at 90% relative humidity, 28 C., and 2000 ppm CO.sub.2. [0047] 4. Once the part has been fully colonized and the tool is completely consumed, the produced product is dried to 0% moisture.

EXAMPLE 3

Molded Plastic Mesh

[0048] 1. The tool is created by thermoforming a plastic mesh material over buck of desired form. The mesh has large enough cavities to allow maximum airflow and small enough cavities to prevent substrate from spilling through. [0049] 2. The tool is filled with sterilized oat hulls and 20% v:v Ganoderma tsugae millet inoculum. [0050] 3. The part incubates in a controlled environment chamber at 99% relative humidity, 50% O.sub.2 and 25 C. [0051] 4. Once the substrate is fully colonized and the mesh has been overgrown and is no longer visible, it may be dried to 0% moisture.

EXAMPLE 4

Plastic Trays Partially Open to the Environment

[0052] 1. The plastic tray is created by thermoforming a plastic sheet over a buck of desired form. [0053] 2. The tool is filled with sterilized coconut coir and 20% v:v Ganoderma tsugae millet grain inoculum. [0054] 3. The part is incubated in a controlled-environment incubator at 30 C., 95% relative humidity, and 4000 ppm CO.sub.2. [0055] 4. Once the part is fully colonized, it is dried to 0% moisture.

[0056] The invention thus provides a mycological biomaterial that is grown in a tool that is at least partially consumed in the process of growth. The invention also provides a tool to house mycological biomaterials as they grow while contributing to the growth process.

[0057] Still further, the invention provides a mycological biomaterial that can be grown in an economical manner.