OPTICAL NETWORK ELEMENT FOR TRANSMITTING AND/OR RECEIVING WDM SIGNALS

Abstract

The present invention relates to an optical network element (30, 34) comprising a wavelength selective switch, WSS, (432, 136) with one or more input ports, a working output port (38) and a separate protecting output port (40), the WSS (432) being configurable to a working configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from said one or more input ports to the working output port (38), and being configurable to a protecting configuration, in which said one or more channels or a subset thereof are routed from said one or more input ports to the protecting output port (40), or with a working input port (42) and a protecting input port (44) and with one or more output ports, the WSS (136) being configurable to a working configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from the working input (42) port to the one or more output ports, and being configurable to a protecting configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from the protecting input port (44) to the one or more output ports, a computer readable medium including program code defining configuration information, a control unit configured to control the WSS (432, 136) to adopt the working configuration or the protecting configuration based on the predefined configuration information.

Claims

1. Optical network element for transmitting and/or receiving wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals, the optical network element comprising a wavelength selective switch, WSS, with one or more input ports and with a working output port and a separate protecting output port the WSS being configurable to a working configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from said one or more input ports to the working output port, and being configurable to a protecting configuration, in which said one or more channels or a subset thereof are routed from said one or more input ports to the protecting output port, or with a working input port and a protecting input port and with one or more output ports, the WSS being configurable to a working configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from the working input port to the one or more output ports, and being configurable to a protecting configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from the protecting input port to the one or more output ports, a computer readable medium including program code defining configuration information, a control unit configured to control the WSS to adopt the working configuration or the protecting configuration based on the predefined configuration information.

2. Optical network for transmitting wavelength division mulitplexing (WDM) signals, the optical network comprising a first node with a first wavelength selective switch, WSS, a second node with a second WSS, wherein the first WSS and the second WSS are connected via a working path and via a protecting path, wherein the working path is connected to a working output port of the first WSS and the protecting path is connected to a separate protecting output port of the first WSS, the first WSS being configured to broadcast one or more channels or a subset thereof of one or more WDM signals from one or more input ports of the first WSS to both the working output port and the protecting output port, or wherein the working path is connected to a working output port of the first WSS and the protecting path is connected to a separate protecting output port of the first WSS, the first WSS being configurable to a working configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from one or more input ports of the first WSS to the working output port of the first WSS, and being configurable to a protecting configuration, in which said one or more channels or a subset thereof are routed from said one or more input ports of the first WSS to the protecting output port of the first WSS, the optical network further comprising a computer readable medium including program code defining configuration information, a control unit configured to control the first WSS to adopt the working configuration or the protecting configuration based on the predefined configuration information and/or wherein the working path is connected to a working input port of the second WSS and the protecting path is connected to a separate protecting input port of the second WSS, the second WSS being configurable to a working configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from the working input port to one or more output ports of the second WSS, and being configurable to a protecting configuration, in which said one or more channels or a subset thereof are routed from the protecting input port to the said one or more output ports of the second WSS, the optical network further comprising a computer readable medium including program code defining configuration information, a control unit configured to control the second WSS to adopt the working configuration or the protecting configuration based on the predefined configuration information.

3. Optical network element of claim 1 wherein the one or more channels which are routed in the protecting configuration from the protecting input port of one of said WSS to one or more output ports of the same WSS or which are routed in the protecting configuration to the protecting output port of one of said WSS one or more input ports of the same WSS are a subset of the channels which are routed in the working configuration from the working input port of this WSS to one or more output ports of this WSS or which are routed in the working configuration to the working output port of this WSS from one or more input ports of this WSS.

4. Optical network element of claim 1 wherein when being in the working configuration the respective WSS is configured to prohibit a routing of a channel from its protecting input port to its one or more output ports or to its protecting output port from its one or more input ports and/or when being in the protecting configuration the respective WSS is configured to prohibit a routing of a channel from its working input port to its one or more output ports or to its working output port from its one or more input ports.

5. Optical network element of one of claim 1, wherein at least one of the optical network element, the first node and the second node is a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer, ROADM, or comprises a ROADM and/or wherein the second node is an optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) or comprises an OADM.

6. Optical network element of claim 1, wherein at least one of the WSS, the first WSS and the second WSS comprises a switching element based on Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS), Liquid Crystal (LC) or Microelectromechanical Mirrors (MEMS).

7. Optical network element of one of claim 1, wherein at least one of the WSS, the first WSS and the second WSS comprises a reconfigurable phase array, which is preferably based on Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) or Liquid Crystal (LC).

8. Optical network element of one of claim 1, wherein the WSS, the first WSS and/or the second WSS does not comprise an additional optical splitter and/or does not comprise an additional optical switch.

9. Optical network element of one of claim 1, wherein the WSS and/or the first WSS is a N?M WSS with N?1 and M?2 and/or the WSS and/or the second WSS is a K?L WSS with K?2 and L?1.

10. Method for transmitting WDM signals in an optical network, the optical network comprising a first node with a first wavelength selective switch, WSS, a second node with a second WSS, wherein the first WSS and the second WSS are connected via a working path and via a protecting path, wherein the method comprises by using the first WSS, broadcasting one or more channels or a subset thereof of one or more WDM signals from one or more input ports of the first WSS to a working output port of the first WSS and to a separate protecting output port of the first WSS, wherein the working path is connected to said working output port and the protecting path is connected to said protecting output port, or by using the first WSS, switching from a working configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from one or more input ports of the first WSS to a working output port of the first WSS, to a protecting configuration, in which said one or more channels or a subset thereof are routed from said one or more input ports of the first WSS to a protecting output port of the first WSS, or switching from the protecting configuration to the working configuration, wherein the working path is connected to the working output port of the first WSS and the protecting path is connected to the protecting output port of the first WSS, and/or by using the second WSS, switching from a working configuration, in which one or more channels are routed from a working input port of the second WSS to one or more output ports of the second WSS, to a protecting configuration, in which said one or more channels are routed from a protecting input port of the second WSS to said one or more output ports of the second WSS, or switching from the protecting configuration to the working configuration, wherein the working path is connected to the working input port of the second WSS and the protecting path is connected to the protecting input port of the second WSS.

11. Method of claim 10, wherein the one or more channels which are routed in the protecting configuration from the protecting input port of the second WSS to one or more output ports of the second WSS or which are routed in the protecting configuration to the protecting output port of the first WSS from one or more input ports of the first WSS are a subset of the channels which are routed in the working configuration from the working input port the second WSS to one or more output ports of the second WSS or which are routed in the working configuration to the working output port of the first WSS from one or more input ports of the first WSS.

12. Method of claim 10, wherein broadcasting is performed by using a phase array of the first WSS to direct one or more channels simultaneously to different output ports of the first WSS.

13. Method of claim 12, wherein the phase array is a reconfigurable phase array being additionally used for switching of WDM channels within the first WSS.

14. Method of claim 10, wherein in the first and/or second WSS the switching between the working configuration and the protecting configuration is performed by using a switching element of this respective WSS, wherein the switching element being additionally usable for redirecting WDM channels within this respective WSS between separate ports of this respective WSS.

15. Method of claim 14, wherein the switching element is based on one of the following technologies: Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS), Liquid Crystal (LC), Microelectromechanical Mirrors (MEMS).

16. Optical network of claim 2, wherein the one or more channels which are routed in the protecting configuration from the protecting input port of one of said WSS to one or more output ports of the same WSS or which are routed in the protecting configuration to the protecting output port of one of said WSS one or more input ports of the same WSS are a subset of the channels which are routed in the working configuration from the working input port of this WSS to one or more output ports of this WSS or which are routed in the working configuration to the working output port (38) of this WSS from one or more input ports of this WSS.

17. Optical network of claim 2, wherein when being in the working configuration the respective WSS is configured to prohibit a routing of a channel from its protecting input port to its one or more output ports or to its protecting output port from its one or more input ports and/or when being in the protecting configuration the respective WSS is configured to prohibit a routing of a channel from its working input port to its one or more output ports or to its working output port from its one or more input ports.

18. Optical network of claim 2, wherein at least one the first node and the second node is a reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer, ROADM, or comprises a ROADM and/or wherein the second node is an optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) or comprises an OADM.

19. Optical network of claim 2, wherein at least one the first WSS and the second WSS comprises a switching element based on Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS), Liquid Crystal (LC) or Microelectromechanical Mirrors (MEMS).

20. Optical network of claim 2, Optical network element of one of claim 1, wherein at least one the first WSS and the second WSS comprises a reconfigurable phase array, which is preferably based on Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) or Liquid Crystal (LC).

21. Optical network of claim 2, wherein the first WSS and/or the second WSS does not comprise an additional optical splitter and/or does not comprise an additional optical switch.

22. Optical network of claim 2, wherein the first WSS is a N?M WSS with N?1 and M?2 and/or the WSS and/or the second WSS is a K?L WSS with K?2 and L?1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Further details and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, in which preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[0036] FIG. 1 shows a state-of-the-art optical WDM network with protection,

[0037] FIGS. 2a-2e show different embodiments of optical WDM networks with protection according to the invention,

[0038] FIG. 3 shows an N?M WSS, which can be used for the present invention,

[0039] FIG. 4 shows an optical WDM network according to a further embodiment of the present invention, and

[0040] FIG. 5 shows a node which can be used for the present invention and which may correspond to node G of FIG. 4.

[0041] In the drawings same elements are designated with same reference numbers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0042] With reference to FIG. 2a, an optical network according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown comprising a first node 30 with a first WSS 32 and a second node 34 with a second WSS 36. The first node 30 and the second node 34 are connected by a working path 14 and a separate protecting path 16. The second node 34 comprises an optical switch 24 and may correspond to the second ROADM 12 of the state of the art optical network shown in FIG. 1. The first node 30 differs from the first ROADM 10 of the optical network of FIG. 1 in that it does not comprise an optical splitter 22 behind the first WSS 32. Unlike the first WSS 18 of FIG. 1, the first WSS 32 of the optical network shown in FIG. 2a is used for broadcasting one or more channels or a subset thereof of one or more WDM-signals received at one or more input ports of the first WSS 32 both to a working output port 38 and to a separate protecting output port 40 of the first WSS 32.

[0043] For simplicity, only one input port and two output ports 38 and 40 are shown for the first WSS 32 in FIG. 2a. However, the first WSS 32 may comprise plural input ports and additional output ports and may correspond to the N?M WSS 332 shown in FIG. 3, wherein N is equal to 7 and designates the number of input ports and wherein M is equal to 4 and designates the number of output ports.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 3, the WSS 332 may receive seven separate WDM input signals at the left side at respective input ports 1-7 and may provide four separate WDM output signals at respective output ports 8-11. The WSS 332 is based on LC or LCoS, such that the phase array or refractive switching element provides a broadcasting function. The broadcasting function is illustrated in FIG. 3: As shown, from each of the WDM signals which arrive at input ports 1-5 at least one channel is transmitted or broadcasted to each of the output ports 8 and 9. The output port with number 8 may correspond to a working output port, such as working output port 38 in FIG. 2a, and the output port with number 9 may correspond to a protecting output port, such as protecting output port 40 of FIG. 2a.

[0045] In the configuration of FIG. 3, the channels arriving at input port with number 6 or a subset thereof are only switched to the working output port with number 8 such that these channels are not protected in the configuration shown in FIG. 3. As a result, only a subset of channels arriving at ports with numbers 1-6 are protected.

[0046] Further, it is possible that only a subset of channels or wavelengths which arrive at each of input ports 1-4 are broadcasted to both output ports with the numbers 8 and 9 and that one or more of the remaining channels are switched to the port with number 8 only. Hence, in this configuration more channels are output at the port with number 8 than at the port with number 9, such that also in this configuration only a subset of channels is protected.

[0047] If compared with the optical network of FIG. 1, the optical network of FIG. 2a provides some advantages:

[0048] The first WSS 32 replaces two components, namely the first WSS 18 and the optical splitter 22 of the network of FIG. 1. This allows for the use of fewer components which is more efficient and less costly. In conventional optical networks, often not all ports of the implemented WSS are used. The present invention makes use of such additional output ports (or input ports as explained further below) for providing protection. By using components and resources, namely an WSS and its ports, which have been available but not used so far for a replacement of an optical splitter for providing protection, the remaining network components can be utilized more effectively and the network can be implemented with reduced costs.

[0049] A further advantage is, that the WSS 32 or 332 allows for a more flexible switching. For example, it becomes possible to protect a subset of channels only. This is not readily possible, when using a splitter 22 which provides a copy of identical signals at its output. Since a WSS is reconfigurable and can be reconfigured to a different switching configuration, it is possible to adapt or reconfigure the protection according to an actual demand. If, for example, additional channels of one or more input ports, which have not been protected so far, should be protected, it is possible to reconfigure the WSS to a new configuration in which these channels are broadcasted to both the working output port 38 and the protecting output port 40. If some of the protected channels do not need to be protected anymore, the configuration can be changed again, to replace remove these channels are from the protecting port 40 while these channels can still be transmitted via the working port 38. Thus the protection of channels can be adapted quite easily. This flexibility of protection is not provided by the network of FIG. 1.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 2b, a further embodiment of an optical network according to the present invention is shown which is modified with respect to the optical network of FIG. 2a in that the first WSS 32 is replaced by first WSS 432. In order to provide protection, the first WSS 432 does not broadcast one or more channels to each of its working output port 38 and its protecting output port 40. Instead, one of these output ports 38 and 40 is selected based on predefined configuration information. The predefined configuration information is stored on a computer readable medium (not shown) and allows that the WSS 432 can be controlled by a control unit not shown) to be in a working configuration or in a protecting configuration.

[0051] In the working configuration channels of one or more incoming WDM signals are switched to the working output port 38 and transmitted via the working path 14 to the second node 34. In the working configuration these channels are not transmitted simultaneously to the protecting output port 40 and therefore not transmitted via the protecting path 16. In case of a protection event, the control unit (not shown) can change the configuration of the WSS 432 to the protecting configuration based on the predefined configuration information. In the protecting configuration the channels which have been transmitted via the working path 14 or a subset thereof are switched to the protecting output port 40 and transmitted via the protecting path 16 instead. Hence, in the optical network of FIG. 2b, the first WSS 432 can take over the function of a conventional WSS combined with an optical splitter, and can therefore provide for a more efficient and flexible protection at reduced costs.

[0052] Also this kind of protection, which is provided in the network of FIG. 2b and which makes use of the switching capability of the WSS 432, is quite flexible, since it is possible to define, for which channels of which input ports the routing has to be changed, if the transmission via the working path 14 is interrupted. The WSS 432 allows adapting and reconfiguring the protection for different channels and for different ports independently. This is not possible with an optical switch, which is not wavelength selective. In FIG. 2b the channel protection is provided by the switching capability of the WSS 432, by the two different separate output ports 38, 40 and by the predefined configuration information, which defines the protecting configuration and which therefore defines, which channels are transmitted via the protecting path 16, when switching to the protecting configuration. Hence, the protection can be reconfigured by a modification of the predefined configuration information. Further, it is possible to implements different protection schemes by providing corresponding configuration information for each protection scheme.

[0053] Networks according to other embodiments of the present invention, which are not shown, differ from the network of FIG. 2a or from the network of FIG. 2b, in that the optical switch 24 in the second node 34 is replaced by a variable optical power combiner. Likewise to the optical switch 24, this is an additional component, which is not wavelength selective. However, it provides more flexibility, since the optical power which is forwarded or selected from the working path 14 and/or the protecting path 16 can be adjusted.

[0054] A further embodiment of an optical network according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2c. In this network, the first node 30 may correspond to the ROADM 10 of the state of the art network shown in FIG. 1. The first node 30 comprises a first WSS 532 which may correspond to the first WSS 18 of the network shown in FIG. 1. The second node 34 comprises a second WSS 136 which is complimentary to the first WSS 432 of the network shown in FIG. 2b. The second WSS 136 combines the functions of the optical splitter 24 and the second WSS 20 of the network of FIG. 1. Similar to the WSS 432, the second WSS 136 can be controlled by a corresponding control unit to be in a working configuration or to be in a protecting configuration based on predefined configuration information. In the working configuration, one or more channels arriving at a working input port 42, which is connected to the working path 14, are routed to one or more output ports of the second WSS 136. In the working configuration identical channels or wavelengths, which arrive via the protecting path 16 at a protecting input port 44 of the second WSS 136, are not routed to the before-mentioned output ports. However, in case of a protection event, the second WSS 136 is controlled out of a working configuration into a protecting configuration, in which these channels or a subset thereof, which arrive at the protecting input port 44 are routed to one or more of the before-mentioned output ports.

[0055] Networks according to further embodiments of the present invention, which are not shown, differ from the network of FIG. 2c, in that the optical splitter 22 in the first node 30 is replaced by a variable optical power splitter. Likewise to the optical splitter 22, this is an additional component, which is not wavelength selective. However, it provides more flexibility, since the optical power which is transmitted into the working path 14 and/or the protecting path 16 can be adjusted.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 2d, a further embodiment of a network according to the invention is shown. This network comprises a first node 30 with a first WSS 32 which has been described with respect to FIG. 1 and a second node 34 with a second WSS 136 which has been described with respect to FIG. 2c. Hence, in this network, in each of the first and second nodes 30 and 34 the additional optical components of an optical splitter 22 and an optical switch 24 are replaced by the first WSS 32 and by the second WSS 136, respectively. This allows for a further cost reduction and flexibility.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 2e, a further embodiment of an optical network, according to the invention is shown, which is modified with respect to the optical network of FIG. 2d in that the first WSS 32 is replaced by the WSS 432, which has been described with respect to FIG. 2b. Also in this network, at both ends of the working path 14 and the protecting path 16, namely in the first node 30 and in the second node 34, the additional optical components of an optical splitter 22 and an optical switch 24 are replaced by the first WSS 432 and by the second 136, respectively.

[0058] With reference to FIG. 4 an optical WDM network is shown, which makes use of the present invention and provides path protection. The optical network comprises six nodes A, E, F, G, H and I. Nodes A and I are connected by a working path 114 which comprises amplifiers B and D. Nodes E and H are connected by a separate working path 214, which comprises an amplifier C. Nodes A and I are additionally connected by a protecting path which comprises protecting path sections 116, 216 and 316 as well as nodes G and F. Nodes G and F are directly connected by the protecting path section 216. Nodes E and H are additionally connected by a protecting path comprising a protecting path section 416, the protection path section 216, a protecting path section 516 as well as nodes G and F. Nodes A and G are directly connected by the protecting path section 116, nodes F and I are directly connected by the protecting path section 316, nodes E and G are directly connected by the protecting path section 416 and nodes F and H are directly connected by the protecting path section 516. The protecting path section 216 is used both for the protection of working path 114 and of working path 214, while the protecting path sections 116, 316, 416 and 516 are not shared by different working paths.

[0059] At least one of the nodes A and I and at least one of the nodes E and H may comprise a WSS which takes over the functionality of an additional optical switch or an additional optical splitter as previously described. Accordingly, it is possible that the channels, which are protected by the protection path between nodes A and I are a subset of the channels which are transmitted via the working path 114. Similarly, the channels which are protected by the protection path between nodes E and H may be a subset of the channels which are transmitted via the working path 214 between nodes E and H.

[0060] In FIG. 4 the signal transmission is only shown for one direction from left to right. However, it is possible that each path or section 114, 214, 116, 216, 316, 416, 516 is used for a bidirectional communication in two opposite directions, for example, by using between two nodes for each communication direction a corresponding optical fiber.

[0061] In FIG. 5 an optical node 46 is shown which may correspond to node G of FIG. 4 and which allows providing protection for the transmission or communication between nodes A and G and for the transmission or communication between nodes G and F.

[0062] The node 46 comprises a first ROADM 48, a second ROADM 50 and a third ROADM 52. Each of the ROADMs 48, 50, 52 comprises two WSS, namely WSS 54 and 56, WSS 58 and 60 and WSS 62 and 64, respectively, as shown in FIG. 5. The WSS 54, 58, 64 are demultiplexing WSS. WSS 54 is configured to de-multiplex an incoming WDM signal which is transmitted from node A. WSS 58 is configured to de-multiplex an incoming WDM signal which is transmitted from node E. WSS 64 is configured to de-multiplex an incoming WDM signal which is transmitted from node F. In FIG. 5 WDM signals are designated by X.sub.iY.sub.j, wherein the indices i, j designate the channel or wavelength and X, Y designate the node, from which the information, which is conveyed by the corresponding channel, has been sent to node G 46 (cf. FIG. 4). The WDM signal A.sub.1A.sub.2F.sub.4, for example, includes information on channels 1 and 2, which has been sent from node A to node 46, and includes information on channel 4, which has been sent from node F to node 46, but does not contain any information on channel 3. As mentioned before, each channel is a wavelength channel and corresponds to an associated wavelength or wavelength range. Both the information carried on WDM signal A.sub.1 and carried on WDM signal A.sub.2 was sent from the same node A but on different channels and must not be identical. Instead, this information may correspond to different information.

[0063] Each of the WSS 56 and 62 comprises a working output port 38 and a protecting output port 40. The WSS 56 can be used to provide protection for transmission from node G 46 to node A and the WSS 62 can be used to provide protection for transmission from node G 46 to node, as explained above with respect to the WSS 32 and with respect to WSS 432 of FIG. 2. In order to provide protection each of the WSS 56 and 62 may correspond to WSS 32 with broadcasting capability or to WSS 432, i.e. being configured to be controlled into one of a working configuration and a protecting configuration. Hence, this protection between node 46 and node A and between node 46 and node F can be provided without using additional optical splitters or optical switches behind WSS 56 within node 46 and behind WSS 62 within node 46 and without using additional optical splitters or optical switches between node 46 and node A and between node 46 and node F.

[0064] WSS 54 and WSS 64 each comprise a working input port 42 and a protecting input port 44. These WSS 54 and 64 may correspond to WSS 136 of FIG. 2 and are capable of providing protection for transmission from node A to node G and for transmission from node F to node G, respectively, without need for an additional optical switch before WSS 54 within node 46 and before WSS 64 within node 46, respectively.

[0065] Different from the respective WSS in ROADMs 58 and 52, the WSS 58 of ROADM 50 comprises only one input port and WSS 60 of ROADM 50 comprises only one output port. Accordingly, these WS S 58 and 60 are not capable of providing protection for communication between nodes E and G without use of additional optical switches and/or additional optical splitters.

[0066] FIG. 5 further illustrates that for the communication from node A to node 46 and from node 46 to node F only a subset of channels is protected, while for the communication from node 46 to node A (on channels 1 and 3) and for the communication from node F to node 46 (on channels 1, 3 and 4) all channels are protected. The normal communication, i.e. the working communication, from node A to node 46 utilizes channels 1, 2 and 3 while only channels 2 and 3 are protected. The normal communication from node 46 to node F utilizes channels 1, 2 and 3 while only channels 1 and 3 are protected.

[0067] It is noted, that the protection between node 46 and node A and the protection between node 46 and node F, as explained with respect to FIG. 5 and FIG. 4, corresponds to an additional protection, i.e. in addition to the before mentioned protection of the working path 114 provided by the protecting path sections 116, 216, 316 and in addition to the before mentioned protection of the working path 214 provided by the protecting path sections 416, 216, 516.

[0068] While specific embodiments have been described in detail, it is not intended that the scope of protection is limited by the specific embodiments. The scope of protection is defined by the appended claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0069] 10 first ROADM [0070] 12 second ROADM [0071] 14, 114, 214 working path [0072] 16 protecting path [0073] 116, 216, 316, 416, 516 protecting path sections [0074] 18 first WSS [0075] 20 second WSS [0076] 22 optical splitter [0077] 24 optical switch [0078] 26 booster [0079] 28 pre-amplifier [0080] 30 first node [0081] 32, 432, 532 first WSS [0082] 34 second node [0083] 36, 136 second WSS [0084] 38 working output port [0085] 40 protecting output port [0086] 42 working input port [0087] 44 protecting input port [0088] 46 node [0089] 48 first ROADM [0090] 50 second ROADM [0091] 52 third ROADM [0092] 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 WSS