MONOLITHIC-TYPE MODULE OF PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

Abstract

A monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell includes: a plurality of unit cells including a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate and having conductivity, a perovskite optical absorption layer formed on the upper surface of the first electrode layer, and made of a porous metal oxide to which an optical absorber having a perovskite structure is attached, and a hole transport layer formed on the upper surface of the perovskite optical absorption layer; and a second electrode layer formed on the hole transport layer and formed of a conductive material, wherein an interconnection partition electrode of a predetermined height is formed between individual unit cells such that the plurality of unit cells are connected in series by interconnection wiring for electrically connecting the second electrode layer of each unit cell with the first electrode layer of a neighboring unit cell by the interconnection partition electrode.

Claims

1. A monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell, comprising: a plurality of unit cells including a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate and having conductivity, a perovskite optical absorption layer formed on the upper surface of the first electrode layer, and made of a porous metal oxide to which an optical absorber having a perovskite structure is attached, and a hole transport layer formed on the upper surface of the perovskite optical absorption layer; and a second electrode layer formed on the hole transport layer and formed of a conductive material, wherein an interconnection partition electrode of a predetermined height is included between individual unit cells such that the plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series to the second electrode layer of each unit cell with the first electrode layer of a neighboring unit cell by the interconnection partition electrode.

2. (canceled)

3. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the interconnection partition electrode has a height which is higher than the hole transport layer but lower than the upper surface of the second electrode layer.

4. (canceled)

5. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein each unit cell closely contacts both surfaces of the interconnection partition electrode with the interconnection partition electrode therebetween.

6. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the interconnection partition electrode comprises at least one material selected from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), carbon (C), WO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Au, Cu, Ag, In, Ru, Pd, Rh, Ir, and a conductive polymer.

7. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the hole transport layer is a hole transport material made of an inorganic oxide, a monomolecular organic material, or a polymeric organic material, and the second electrode layer comprises at least one material selected from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), carbon (C), WO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Au, Cu, Ag, In, Ru, Pd, Rh, Ir, and a conductive polymer as a conductive material.

8. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the perovskite optical absorption layer is formed as a layer by using a wet process of spin coating or wet coating.

9. (canceled)

10. A monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell, comprising: a plurality of unit cells including a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate and having conductivity, a perovskite optical absorption layer formed on the upper surface of the first electrode layer, and made of a porous metal oxide to which an optical absorber having a perovskite structure is attached, and an electron transport layer formed on the upper surface of the perovskite optical absorption layer and made of an electron transport material to accept an electron from the perovskite optical absorption layer and to transport it; and a second electrode layer on the electron transport layer and formed of a conductive material, wherein an interconnection partition electrode of a predetermined height is included between individual unit cells such that the plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series to the second electrode layer of each unit cell with the first electrode layer of a neighboring unit cell by the interconnection partition electrode.

11. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 10, wherein the interconnection partition electrode has a height which is higher than the electron transport layer and lower than the upper surface of the second electrode layer.

12. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 10, wherein each unit cell closely contacts both surfaces of the interconnection partition electrode with the interconnection partition electrode therebetween.

13. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 10, wherein the interconnection partition electrode comprises at least one material selected from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), carbon (C), WO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Au, Cu, Ag, In, Ru, Pd, Rh, Jr, and a conductive polymer.

14. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 10, wherein the hole transport layer is a hole transport material made of an inorganic oxide, a monomolecular organic material, or a polymeric organic material, and the second electrode layer comprises at least one material selected from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), carbon (C), WO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Au, Cu, Ag, In, Ru, Pd, Rh, Jr, and a conductive polymer as a conductive material.

15. The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell of claim 10, wherein the perovskite optical absorption layer is formed as a layer by using a wet process of spin coating or wet coating.

16. A method of manufacturing a perovskite solar cell, comprising: performing patterning of a transparent conducing oxide (TCO) on a transparent substrate to form a plurality of transparent electrodes spaced apart from each other by a certain distance; forming an interconnection partition electrode of a predetermined height at one end of each transparent electrode; after forming the interconnection partition electrode, forming a perovskite optical absorption layer made of a porous metal oxide to which an optical absorber having a perovskite structure is attached, on the upper surface of each transparent electrode; forming a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer on the upper surface of the perovskite optical absorption layer; and forming a metal electrode made of a conductive material on the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer to form a plurality of unit cells, wherein the metal electrode of each unit cell is electrically connected to the transparent electrode of a neighboring unit cell by the interconnection partition electrode.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a general conventional monolithic-type solar cell module.

[0055] FIG. 2 is a layer cross-sectional view showing a structure of a monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] FIG. 3 is a view showing a method of manufacturing a monolithic-type perovskite solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

MODE FOR INVENTION

[0057] In the following detailed description, only certain example embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, simply by way of illustration. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification.

[0058] In addition, unless explicitly described to the contrary, the word comprise and variations such as comprises or comprising will be understood to imply the inclusion of stated elements but not the exclusion of any other elements.

[0059] FIG. 2 is a layer cross-sectional view showing a structure of a monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a view showing a method of manufacturing a monolithic-type perovskite solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] In a method of manufacturing a monolithic-type perovskite solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, TCO patterning is performed on a transparent substrate 200 to form a plurality of transparent electrodes (TCO) 210 spaced apart from each other by a certain distance ((a) of FIG. 3).

[0061] The transparent substrate 200 is transparent so that external light may enter, and may be, for example, formed of a transparent glass or plastic.

[0062] Specific examples of the plastic may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), and the like.

[0063] The transparent electrode 210 may consist of a transparent material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), zinc oxide, tin oxide, ZnOGa.sub.2O.sub.3, ZnOAl.sub.2O.sub.3, and the like as a TCO glass.

[0064] The transparent electrode 210 may consist of a single layer or a multi-layer of transparent materials.

[0065] Each transparent electrode 210 is coated with an interconnection partition electrode 220 having a predetermined height along an edge of one terminal end in a dispensing coating method and a screen printing method ((b) of FIG. 3).

[0066] The interconnection partition electrode 220 may use any conductive material without a limit, and even an insulation material having a conductive layer. Specifically, at least one material selected from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), carbon (C), WO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Au, Cu, Ag, In, Ru, Pd, Rh, Ir, and a conductive polymer may be used.

[0067] A metal oxide paste of a nanoparticle is prepared by mixing titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) powder with ethanol as a solvent to prepare a colloid solution in which the metal oxide is dispersed.

[0068] On the transparent electrode 210, the metal oxide paste is coated by using spin-coating technology and then sintered.

[0069] On a TCO glass coated with a TiO.sub.2 film, a perovskite solution is coated by using spin-coating technology. In other words, on the upper surface of each transparent electrode 210, a perovskite light absorption layer 230 made of a porous metal oxide is formed ((c) of FIG. 3).

[0070] The method of manufacturing a perovskite-based dye is described in the above-mentioned prior art and will not be described in detail.

[0071] In this way, on each transparent electrode 210, the perovskite light absorption layer 230 including a porous oxide semiconductor layer and a perovskite-based dye adsorbed in the porous oxide semiconductor layer may be separated by the interconnection partition electrode 220 at every predetermined distance.

[0072] This interconnection partition electrode 220 may make a solar cell of the present invention into a device through formation of layers by using a wet process of spin coating or wet coating.

[0073] The porous oxide semiconductor layer is formed by coating a paste including a porous metal oxide on the transparent electrode 210, specific examples of which may be titanium, tin, zinc, tungsten, zirconium, gallium, indium, yttrium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, a metal oxide such as ZnO and SnO.sub.2, and the like, but are not limited thereto, and these may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more thereof.

[0074] Preferably, the porous oxide semiconductor layer may be a porous oxide semiconductor layer (TiO.sub.2 thin film layer) that is present in a form of a porous film.

[0075] The perovskite optical absorber absorbs external light on the surface of the metal oxide particle to generate electrons, and may be represented by Chemical Formula 1 and may be prepared from MX.sub.2 and CH.sub.3NH.sub.3X.

CH.sub.3NH.sub.3MX.sub.3 Chemical Formula 11

[0076] Herein, M is Pb or Sn and X is a halogen.

[0077] A hole transport layer 240 used as a P-type conductive layer is formed on each perovskite optical absorption layer 230 ((d) of FIG. 3).

[0078] A metal electrode 250 is deposited on the hole transport layer 240 to form a plurality of unit cells ((e) of FIG. 3).

[0079] The metal electrode is formed using vapor deposition (chemical vapor deposition, CVD), sputter deposition, thermal evaporation, dip coating, E-beam evaporation, a PVD method (physical vapor deposition, PVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the like.

[0080] One end of the deposited metal electrode 250 contacts the interconnection partition electrode 220 and is electrically connected thereto.

[0081] The height of the interconnection partition electrode 220 is greater than that of the hole transport layer 240.

[0082] The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell according to the present invention has in-series connection by interconnection wiring for electrically connecting the metal electrode 250 of each unit cell with the transparent electrode 210 of a neighboring unit cell by the interconnection partition electrode 220.

[0083] The monolithic-type module of a perovskite solar cell according to the present invention may maximize a photovoltaic area, since each unit cell closely contacts without an empty space at both surfaces of the interconnection partition electrode 220 with the interconnection partition electrode 220 therebetween.

[0084] This monolithic-type perovskite solar cell is a solid type and needs no insulator layer.

[0085] The interconnection partition electrode 220 plays a role of separating and partitioning cells and thus may realize an in-series connection structure of solar cells.

[0086] On the perovskite optical absorption layer 230, a hole transport layer 240 is formed, and a metal electrode 250 is formed thereon.

[0087] The hole transport material may include a monomolecular hole transport material or a polymeric hole transport material, but is not limited thereto. For example, as the monomolecular hole transport material, spiro-MeOTAD [2,2,7,7-tetrakis(N,N-p-dimethoxy-phenylamino)-9,9-spirobifluorene] may be used, and as the polymeric hole transport material, P3HT [poly(3-hexylthiophene)] may be used, but they are not limited thereto. In addition, for example, the hole transport layer 240 uses a dopant selected from a Li-based dopant, a Co-based dopant, and a combination thereof as a doping material, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the hole transport material may include a mixture of spiro-MeOTAD, tBP, and Li-TFSI, but is not limited thereto.

[0088] However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may include a solid electrolyte in the solar cell structure of FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0089] In addition, the present invention includes the hole transport layer 240, but it is not limited thereto, and may include an electron transport layer made of an electron transport material to accept an electron from the perovskite optical absorption layer 230 and transport it into the metal electrode 250.

[0090] The electron transport material may be [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) of fullerene derivatives.

[0091] The electron transport layer may (ETL) include PCBM as an example, but it is not limited thereto, and may include any material capable of transporting electrons.

[0092] For example, ETL may include a polymer such as PBD, TAZ, or spiro-PBD, and a low molecular material such as Alq3, BAlq, or SAlq. Electrons generated in the perovskite optical absorber are transported into a LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) level of the electron transport material such as PCBM and transported into the metal electrode 250.

[0093] The metal electrode 250 may use any conductive material without limitation, and may specifically use at least one material selected from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, iridium, rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), carbon (C), WO.sub.3, TiO.sub.2, Au, Cu, Ag, In, Ru, Pd, Rh, Ir, and a conductive polymer.

[0094] The conventional DSC monolithic-type structure may not be manufactured into a device due to formation of layers by using a wet process of spin coating, wet coating, or the like.

[0095] However, a perovskite solar cell of the present invention may be manufactured into a device due to formation of layers by introducing a partition electrode by using a wet process of spin coating, wet coating, or the like.

[0096] In other words, each unit cell of the perovskite solar cell may form the perovskite light absorption layer 230 as layers by using a wet process of spin coating or wet coating due to the interconnection partition electrode 220.

[0097] The perovskite solar cell of the present invention forms a porous oxide semiconductor layer and a perovskite light absorber after depositing and coating the interconnection partition electrode 220 before forming the perovskite light absorption layer 230.

[0098] The perovskite solar cell of the present invention may realize a fine pattern through a coating process of the interconnection partition electrode 220 and thus has an effect of increasing an active area.

[0099] The embodiments of the present invention are not implemented only by the apparatus and/or method described above, but may be implemented through a program for realizing the function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention, through a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and the present invention can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art from the description of the embodiments described above.

[0100] While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical example embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS

[0101] 200: transparent substrate [0102] 210: transparent electrode [0103] 220: interconnection partition electrode [0104] 230: perovskite optical absorption layer [0105] 240: hole transport layer or electron transport layer [0106] 250: metal electrode

[0107] According to the above structure, the present invention has an effect of an in-series connection structure of a monolithic structure with a solid-type thin film solar cell using a perovskite light absorber.

[0108] The present invention has an effect of forming layers by using a wet process of spin coating or wet coating due to the interconnection partition electrode.

[0109] The present invention may have an effect of maximizing a photovoltaic area, since each unit cell contacts without an empty space at both surfaces of the interconnection partition electrode with the interconnection partition electrode therebetween as a monolithic-type structure.

[0110] The present invention has an effect of manufacturing a solar cell without an insulation layer, as a solid type.

[0111] The present invention may realize a fine pattern through a coating process of the interconnection partition electrode and thus has an effect of increasing an active area.

[0112] The present invention forms a hole transport layer of a solar cell with a P-type inorganic oxide, a monomolecular organic material, or a polymeric organic material to increase stability at a high temperature and obtain excellent crystallinity, and thus may increase hole transport characteristics, and resultantly, efficiency of a solar cell.

[0113] The present invention forms the hole transport layer of a solar cell into a thin layer with the inorganic oxide, the monomolecular organic material, or the polymeric organic material and thus has an effect of maintaining transparency and easily realizing a transparent solar cell.