Corrosion inhibition package

Abstract

An inhibition corrosion package for use with an acidic composition, where the package comprises a terpene component; a propargyl alcohol or derivative thereof; at least one amphoteric surfactant; and a solvent. Also disclosed are acidic compositions combining the corrosion inhibition package according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention for use in various industrial operations including but not limited to oil and gas operations. Also disclosed are methods of use of such compositions.

Claims

1. A corrosion inhibition package for use with an aqueous acid composition, comprising: 2% to 25% by volume of a terpene selected from the group consisting of citral, ionone, ocimene, and cymene; 20% to 55% by volume of a propargyl alcohol or derivative thereof; 2% to 20% by volume of at least one amphoteric surfactant selected from the group consisting of a sultaine surfactant, a betaine surfactant, and combinations thereof; an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic surfactant and a sulfonic surfactant; and 10% to 45% by volume of a solvent selected from the group consisting of isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, Di-n-hexyl-ether, and combinations thereof.

2. The corrosion inhibition package as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sultaine surfactant and betaine surfactant are selected from the group consisting of: an amido betaine surfactant; an amido sultaine surfactant; and combinations thereof.

3. The corrosion inhibition package as claimed in claim 2, wherein the amido betaine surfactant is an amido betaine comprising a hydrophobic tail from C8 to C16.

4. The corrosion inhibition package as claimed in claim 3, wherein the amido betaine surfactant comprising a hydrophobic tail from C8 to C16 is cocamidobetaine.

5. The corrosion inhibition package as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carboxylic surfactant is a dicarboxylic surfactant.

6. The corrosion inhibition package as claimed in claim 5, wherein the dicarboxylic surfactant comprises a hydrophobic tail ranging from C8 to C16.

7. The corrosion inhibition package as claimed in claim 6, wherein the dicarboxylic surfactant is sodium lauriminodipropionate.

8. The corrosion inhibition package as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one amphoteric surfactant comprises cocamidopropyl betaine.

9. The corrosion inhibition package according to claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant comprises ß-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1).

10. An aqueous liquid acidic composition comprising: an acidic solution selected from the group consisting of: HCl, Lysine-HCl, Urea-HCl, MEA-HCl, DEA-HCl, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and p-toluene sulfonic acid; and a corrosion inhibition package comprising: a terpene selected from the group consisting of citral, ionone, ocimene, and cymene, in an amount of 2% to 25% by volume of the corrosion package; a propargyl alcohol or derivative thereof, in an amount of 20% to 55% by volume of the corrosion package; an amphoteric surfactant selected from the group consisting of a sultaine surfactant, a betaine surfactant, and combinations thereof, in an amount of 2% to 20% by volume of the corrosion package; and a solvent selected from the group consisting of isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, Di-n-hexyl-ether, and combinations thereof, in an amount of 10% to 45% by volume of the corrosion package; wherein the volume % of the corrosion package in the acidic composition ranges from 0.1 to 10%.

11. The composition according to claim 10, further comprising 0.1% to 1.5% by weight or volume of an intensifier selected from the group consisting of a metal iodide, a metal iodate, and formic acid.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(1) The description that follows, and the embodiments described therein, is provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples, of particular embodiments of the principles of the present invention. These examples are provided for the purposes of explanation, and not limitation, of those principles and of the invention.

(2) According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a corrosion inhibition package for use with an acidic composition, said corrosion inhibition package comprising: a terpene; a propargyl alcohol or derivative thereof; at least one amphoteric surfactant; and a solvent.

(3) Preferably, the corrosion inhibition package is used with an acidic composition such as a synthetic acid composition comprising: lysine & hydrogen chloride in a molar ratio of not less than 1:12; preferably in a molar ratio not less than 1:8, more preferably in a molar ratio of not less than 1:5, even more preferably in a molar ratio of not less than 1:3 and even more preferably in a molar ratio of not less than 1:2.5.

(4) Preferably, when the synthetic or modified acid composition comprises lysine and hydrogen chloride, the molar ratio of lysine to HCl can range from 1:2 to 1:12; preferably in a molar ratio ranging from 1:2.5 to 1:8, more preferably in a molar ratio ranging from 1:3 to 1:6, even more preferably in a molar ratio ranging from 1:3 to 1:5.

(5) Also, preferably, the corrosion inhibition package is used with an acidic composition such as a modified acid composition comprising: a strong acid and an alkanolamine in a molar ratio of not more than 15:1; preferably in a molar ratio not more than 10:1, more preferably in a molar ratio of not more than 8:1; even more preferably in a molar ratio of not more than 5:1; yet even more preferably in a molar ratio of not more than 3.5:1; and yet even more preferably in a molar ratio of not more than 2.5:1.

(6) In that respect, the composition comprises an alkanolamine and a strong acid, such as HCl, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid. The alkanolamine according to the present invention contains at least one amino group, —NH.sub.2, and one alcohol group, —OH. Preferred alkanolamines include, but are not limited to, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. More preferred are monoethanolamine, diethanolamine. Most preferred is monoethanolamine.

(7) Alcohols and derivatives thereof, such as alkyne alcohols and derivatives and preferably propargyl alcohol and derivatives thereof can be used as corrosion inhibitors. Propargyl alcohol itself is traditionally used as a corrosion inhibitor which works well at low concentrations. It is however a very toxic/flammable chemical to handle as a concentrate, so care must be taken when exposed to the concentrate. In the composition according to the present invention, it is preferred to use 2-Propyn-1-ol, complexed with methyloxirane, as this is a much safer derivative to handle. Basocorr® PP is an example of such a compound. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, 2-Propyn-1-ol, complexed with methyloxirane is present in an amount ranging from 20% to 55% by volume of the total volume of the corrosion inhibition package.

(8) The terpenes considered by the inventors to achieve desirable corrosion inhibition results comprise: monoterpenes (acyclic); monocyclic terpenes; and beta-Ionone. Exemplary but non-limiting compounds of some of the previously listed terpene sub-classes comprise: for monoterpenes: citral (mixture of geranial and neral); citronellal; geraniol; and ocimene; for monocyclic terpenes: alpha-terpinene; carvone; p-cymene. More preferably, the terpenes are selected from the group consisting of: citral; ionone; ocimene; and cymene.

(9) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrosion inhibition package comprises a surfactant which is environmentally friendly. More preferably, the surfactant is capable of withstanding exposure to temperatures of up to least 220° C. for a duration of 2 to 4 hours in a closed environment without undergoing degradation.

(10) Preferably, the at least one amphoteric surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: a sultaine surfactant; a betaine surfactant; and combinations thereof. More preferably, the sultaine surfactant and betaine surfactant are selected from the group consisting of: an amido betaine surfactant; an amido sultaine surfactant; and combinations thereof. Yet even more preferably, the amido betaine surfactant and is selected from the group consisting of: an amido betaine comprising a hydrophobic tail from C8 to C16. Most preferably, the amido betaine comprising a hydrophobic tail from C8 to C16 is cocamidobetaine.

(11) Preferably also, the corrosion inhibition package further comprises an anionic surfactant. Preferably, the anionic surfactant is a carboxylic surfactant. More preferably, the carboxylic surfactant is a dicarboxylic surfactant. Even more preferably, the dicarboxylic surfactant comprises a hydrophobic tail ranging from C8 to C16. Most preferably, the dicarboxylic surfactant is sodium lauriminodipropionate

(12) Most preferred are embodiments of a corrosion inhibition package comprising cocamidopropyl betaine and ß-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1).

(13) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when preparing an acidic composition comprising a corrosion inhibition package, metal iodides or iodates such as potassium iodide, sodium iodide, cuprous iodide and lithium iodide can be added as corrosion inhibitor intensifier. The iodide or iodate is preferably present in a weight/volume percentage ranging from 0.1 to 1.5%, more preferably from 0.25 to 1.25%, yet even more preferably 1% by weight/volume of the acidic composition. Most preferably, the iodide used is potassium iodide.

(14) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corrosion package comprises: 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane; ß-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1); cocamidopropyl betaine; (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (Citral); and isopropanol. More preferably, the composition comprises 38.5% of 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane; 5% of ß-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1); 5% of cocamidopropyl betaine; 20% of (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (Citral); and 31.5% of Isopropanol (all percentages are volume percentages).

Example 1—Process to Prepare an Acidic Composition Comprising a Corrosion Inhibition Package According to a Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

(15) Lysine mono-hydrochloride is used as starting reagent. To obtain a 1:2 molar ratio of lysine to HCl, 370 ml of 50 wt % lysine-HCl solution and 200 ml HCl aq. 36% (22 Baume) were combined. The corrosion inhibition package, and potassium iodide (if required) are added at this point. Circulation is maintained until all products have been solubilized. Additional products can now be added as required.

(16) The corrosion inhibition package is prepared by dispersing a terpene component in isopropanol, propargyl alcohol (preferably in the presence of methyloxirane) and two selected surfactants. Afterwards, the corrosion inhibition package thus prepared is mixed with an acidic composition. Applying this procedure, allows for the formation of a surfactant complex as described below.

(17) According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, since the corrosion inhibition package is intended for use at high temperatures, the combination of a betaine and a carboxylic surfactant is desirable. The combination of a carboxylic surfactant and a betaine is known to form a 1:1 or 1:2 complex, which has also a high molecular weight. Therefore, it is important to disperse the terpene component into isopropanol. Otherwise, the resulting acidic composition may not meet the class 1 fluid (transparent, no phase separation).

(18) The resulting composition of Example 1 is an amber-colored liquid with a fermentation-like odour having an expected shelf-life of greater than a year. It has a freezing point temperature of approximately minus 45° C. and a boiling point temperature of approximately 100° C. It has a specific gravity of 1.15±0.02. It is completely soluble in water and its pH is less than 1.

(19) The composition is biodegradable and is classified as a mild irritant according to the classifications for skin tests. The composition is substantially low fuming. Toxicity testing was calculated using surrogate information and the LD.sub.50 was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg.

(20) With respect to the corrosion impact of the acidic composition on typical oilfield grade steel alloys, it was established that it was clearly well below the acceptable corrosion limits set by industry making it highly desirable as corrosion is the main challenge during acid applications causing substantial maintenance and workover costs over time.

(21) Corrosion Inhibition Package Formulations

(22) Various types of steel alloy coupons were subjected to corrosion testing in the presence of synthetic and modified acid compositions using corrosion inhibitor components according to preferred embodiments of the present invention at various temperatures. The results of the corrosion tests are reported in Tables 9 through 26. The controls used were compositions of Lysine-HCl without corrosion inhibition additives or MEA-HCl without corrosion inhibitor additives. Coupons of various grades of steel alloys (indicated in each table) were exposed to the various listed compositions for various periods of time at varying temperatures. When the fluid system is diluted, it is so indicated in the table or title. For example, 50% indicates that the fluid system was diluted to half strength with tap water. Also, 50% seawater indicates that the fluid system was diluted to half strength with seawater (or an equivalent brine solution).

(23) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 List of Component and Content in Corrosion Inhibition Packages FCI-A to FCI-F Component FCI-A FCI-B FCI-C FCI-D FCI-E FCI-F 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane 34 38.5 38.5 38.5 34 45 4-Ethyloct-1-yn-3-ol 4.5 4.5 β-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, 10 10 10 5 5 5 sodium salt (1:1) Cocamidopropyl betaine 10 10 10 5 5 5 (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (Citral) 3 3 10 20 20 20 Isopropanol 38.5 38.5 31.5 31.5 31.5 25 Total vol. % 100 100 100 100 100 100

(24) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 List of Component and Content in Corrosion Inhibition Packages FCI-G to FCI-L Component FCI-G FCI-H FCI-I FCI-J FCI-K FCI-L 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 β-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, 5 5 5 5 5 5 sodium salt (1:1) Cocamidopropyl betaine 5 5 5 5 5 5 (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (Citral) 20 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatrien (Ocymen) 20 trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (Geraniol) 20 p-Cymene 20 4-(2,6,6=Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl0-3-buten-2-one 20 (β-Ionone) Isopropanol 70 31.5 31.5 51.5 31.5 31.5 Total vol. % 100 100 100 100 100 100

(25) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 List of Components and Content in Corrosion Inhibition Packages FCI-M to FCI-R Component FCI-M FCI-N FCI-O FCI-P FCI-Q FCI-R 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 β-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, 5 5 5 5 5 5 sodium salt (1:1 Cocamidopropyl betaine 5 5 5 5 5 5 (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (Citral) 20 20 20 (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-6-octenal (Citronellal) 20 p-Cymene 10 1-Isopropyl-4methyl)-1,3-cyclohaxadiene (α- 20 Terpinene) 4-(2,6,6=Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenyl)-3-buten-2- 10 one (β-Ionone) R-(−)-Carvone 20 Isopropanol 31.5 31.5 31.5 20 21.5 21.5 Di-n-hexyl-ether 11.5 Total vol. % 100 100 100 100 100 100

(26) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 List of Component and Content in Corrosion Inhibition Packages FCI-S to FCI-V Component FCI-S FCI-T FCI-U FCI-V 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 methyloxirane β-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)- 5 N-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1) Cocamidopropyl betaine 5 (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal 20 20 20 20 (Citral) Isopropanol 31.5 41.5 36.5 36.5 Di-n-hexyl-ether 10 Total vol. % 100 100 100 100

(27) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 List of Components and Content in Corrosion Inhibition Packages FCI-B2 and FCI-B3 FCI- FCI- Component FCI-B2 FCI-B3 FCI-B2a B2a (D) B2a (DM) 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane 38.5 38.5 45 22.5 22.5 β-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, 10 10 11.7 5.85 sodium salt (1:1) Cocamidopropyl betaine 10 10 11.7 5.85 5.85 (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (Citral) 6 8 7 3.5 3.5 Isopropanol 35.5 33.5 24.6 42.3 48.15 water 20 20 Total vol. % 100 100 100 100 100

(28) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 List of Components and Content in Corrosion Inhibition Packages FCI-D2 to FCI-D5 Component FCI-D2 FCI-D3 FCI-D4 FCI-D5 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane 38.5 38.5 38.5 38.5 ß-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, 5 5 3 5 sodium salt (1:1) Cocamidopropyl betaine 5 0 3 5 1-Dodecanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N- 5 dimethyl-, inner salt and 1-Tetradecanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, inner salt (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (Citral) 20 20 20 15 Isopropanol 31.5 31.5 35.5 36.5 Total vol. % 100 100 100 100

(29) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 List of Components and Content in Corrosion Inhibition Packages FCI-D6 to FCI-D8 Component FCI-D6 FCI-D7 FCI-D8 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane 38.5 38.5 38.5 ß-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, 5 7.5 5 sodium salt (1:1) Cocamidopropyl betaine 5 7.5 5 (±)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (Citral) 12.5 10 10 Isopropanol 39 36.5 41.5 Total vol. % 100 100 100

(30) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 List of Components and Content in Corrosion Inhibition Packages FCI-H2 and FCI-I2 Compound FCI-H2 FCI-I2 2-Propyn-1-ol, compd. with methyloxirane Vol. % 38.5 38.5 β.-Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-, Vol. % 10 10 sodium salt (1:1) Cocamidopropyl betaine Vol. % 10 10 p-Cymene Vol. % 6 β-Ionone Vol. % 6 Isopropanol Vol. % 35.5 35.5 Total Vol. % 100 100
Corrosion Testing

(31) The following corrosion testing outlined in the tables below for a number of different corrosion inhibition packages according to the present invention in the presence of a synthetic or modified acid composition was carried out diluted with saline water at a temperature of 150° C. (different temperatures were also used—these are indicated in the title of the tables where applicable) for an exposure period lasting 4 hour (some examples may have been carried out for shorter periods of time—these are also indicated in the title of the tables). A desirable result was one where the lb/ft.sup.2 corrosion number is at or below 0.05. More preferably, that number is at or below 0.02. The acidic compositions also referred to as fluid or fluid systems, were also tested at various dilution ratios where 100% represents the undiluted fluid. All dilutions are done with tap water unless indicated otherwise.

(32) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE #9 Corrosion test results from tests conducted on J55 steel at 150° C. for a period of 4 hours (coupon surface area of 28.922 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine NO CI 37.7225 33.509 4.214 15980.92 405.915 0.299 HCl 1:3 + Seawater 50% Lysine NO CI 37.7624 32.8383 4.924 18676.07 474.372 0.349 HCl 1:3 + Seawater 15% HCl + 5% FCI-D 37.754 37.6589 0.095 360.6942 9.162 0.007 Seawater 5% CI-1A 15% HCl + 5% FCI-D 38.7642 38.6659 0.098 372.8311 9.470 0.007 Seawater 15% HCl + 5% FCI-D 37.3469 37.2079 0.139 527.1976 13.391 0.010 Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-D2 36.7223 36.5178 0.204 775.6253 19.701 0.014 HCl 1:3 + 5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-D2 37.5027 37.3713 0.131 498.3725 12.659 0.009 HCl 1:3 + 5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-D3 37.6682 37.4969 0.171 649.7047 16.502 0.012 HCl 1:3 + 5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-D3 37.7761 37.6005 0.176 666.0137 16.917 0.012 HCl 1:3 + 5% CI-1A Seawater

(33) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE #10 Corrosion test results from tests conducted at 150° C. for 4 hours with a coupon density of 7.86 g/cc having a surface area of 28.922 cm.sup.2 (steel coupons used were L80 coupons (used)) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-D 37.01 36.8973 0.113 440.3054 11.184 0.008 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-D 35.7874 35.705 0.082 321.9269 8.177 0.006 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-E 37.5576 37.4583 0.099 387.9532 9.854 0.007 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-E 36.2755 36.2139 0.062 240.6638 6.113 0.004 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-F 37.7066 37.4858 0.221 862.6391 21.911 0.016 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-F 36.3462 36.1924 0.154 600.8782 15.262 0.011 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-A 36.8962 36.8499 0.046 180.8886 4.595 0.003 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-A 35.7048 35.6665 0.038 149.6335 3.801 0.003 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-B 37.459 37.3766 0.082 321.9269 8.177 0.006 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B 36.2136 36.1546 0.059 230.5059 5.855 0.004 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-C 37.4864 37.2176 0.269 1050.169 26.674 0.020 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-G 36.1917 33.338 2.854 11149.06 283.186 0.208 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater CI-1A: Potassium iodide

(34) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE # 11 Corrosion test results from tests conducted at 150° C. for 4 hours with a coupon density of 7.86 g/cc having a surface area of 28.922 cm.sup.2 (steel coupons used were J55 coupons) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 Notes 50% Lysine 5% FCI-A 37.0119 36.8451 0.167 632.6372 16.069 0.012 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B 37.7643 37.6085 0.156 590.9165 15.009 0.011 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-C 36.1695 35.9993 0.170 645.5327 16.397 0.012 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-D 37.5864 37.4001 0.186 706.5966 17.948 0.013 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-E 38.0712 37.6173 0.454 1721.547 43.727 0.032 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-F 37.1952 36.9591 0.236 895.4774 22.745 0.017 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-B 36.8453 36.6665 0.179 678.1506 17.225 0.013 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-D 35.9995 35.8433 0.156 592.4336 15.048 0.011 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-H 37.6098 37.274 0.336 1273.618 32.350 0.024 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-J 37.4009 36.9432 0.458 1735.959 44.093 0.032 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-I 38.0037 37.5763 0.427 1621.038 41.174 0.030 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-K 35.8436 35.5226 0.321 1217.485 30.924 0.023 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-L 38.0771 37.5798 0.497 1886.154 47.908 0.035 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-M 37.5469 36.9798 0.567 2150.891 54.633 0.040 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-N 36.9591 35.7608 1.198 4544.899 115.440 0.085 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-O 37.1169 36.0159 1.101 4175.86 106.067 0.078 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-D 38.031 37.678 0.353 1338.854 34.007 0.025 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.2% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-D 37.6167 37.1985 0.418 1586.144 40.288 0.030 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.4% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 1.5% FCI-D 37.5349 36.8591 0.676 2563.167 65.104 0.048 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 1.5% FCI-D 37.3754 36.6932 0.682 2587.441 65.721 0.048 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.4% CI-1A Seawater NB: 1 - light pitting; 2 - pitting; 3 - severe pitting

(35) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE # 12 Corrosion test results from tests conducted at 150° C. for 4 hours with a coupon density of 7.86 g/cc having a surface area of 28.922 cm.sup.2 (steel coupons used were L80 counons) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 Notes 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-D 58.5911 56.895 1.696 6626.46 168.312 0.124 3 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 3.5% FCI-D 58.0584 57.6962 0.362 1415.072 35.943 0.026 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-D 59.0373 58.7794 0.258 1007.584 25.593 0.019 1 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater NB: 1 - light pitting; 2 - pitting; 3 - severe pitting

(36) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE # 13 Corrosion test results from tests conducted at 150° C. for 4 hours with a coupon density of 7.86 g/cc having a surface area of 28.922 cm.sup.2 (steel coupons used were P110 coupons) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-A 56.5631 55.3102 1.253 4751.985 120.700 0.091 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-B 58.2611 56.9186 1.343 5091.819 129.332 0.098 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-lA Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-C 55.4101 54.4499 0.960 3641.836 92.503 0.070 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B 54.6811 54.1685 0.513 1944.184 49.382 0.037 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-D 55.397 55.0747 0.322 1222.416 31.049 0.024 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater

(37) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE # 14 Corrosion test results from tests conducted at 150° C. for 4 hours with a coupon density of 7.86 g/cc having a surface area of 28.922 cm.sup.2 (steel coupons used were J55 coupons) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 Notes 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-Q 37.1228 36.7597 0.363 1377.162 34.980 0.026 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-R 36.1937 35.4262 0.767 2910.965 73.939 0.054 2 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-S 37.0775 35.7491 1.328 5189.9 131.823 0.097 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-T 38.7799 37.423 1.357 5301.246 134.652 0.099 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-U 37.2187 35.7939 1.425 5403.966 137.261 0.101 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 2.5% FCI-V 37.1923 36.4536 0.739 2801.733 71.164 0.052 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater NB: 1 - light pitting; 2 - pitting; 3 - severe pitting

(38) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE # 15 Corrosion test results from tests conducted on L80 steel at 200° C. for a period of 2 hours (coupon surface area of 28.0774 cm.sup.2, steel density = 7.86 g/cc) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 notes 50% Lysine 5% FCI-D 36.1585 35.7254 0.433 3384.14 85.957 0.032 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-D 37.429 36.7473 0.682 5326.64 135.297 0.050 HCl 1:3 + 0.75% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-D 37.2217 36.4711 0.751 5865.009 148.971 0.055 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-D 37.3811 36.7824 0.599 4678.098 118.824 0.044 HCl 1:3 + 0.75% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-D 35.6699 35.0103 0.660 5153.956 130.910 0.048 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-A 60.1359 59.7917 0.344 2689.496 68.313 0.025 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-D 58.7 58.3834 0.317 2473.837 62.835 0.023 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-E 57.8853 56.755 1.130 8831.893 224.330 0.083 severe HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A pitting Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-I 58.5468 58.1361 0.411 3209.111 81.511 0.030 small HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A pits Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-X 58.7183 56.3012 2.417 18886.64 479.721 0.176 severe HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A pitting Seawater 50% Lysine 10% FCI-A 58.6233 57.7126 0.911 7115.992 180.746 0.066 Pitting HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 10% FCI-D 59.3942 59.027 0.367 2869.213 72.878 0.027 slight HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A pitting Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-Y 58.9283 58.6014 0.327 2554.318 64.880 0.024 Pitting HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-Z 58.7227 58.2307 0.492 3844.37 97.647 0.036 Pitting HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater

(39) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE # 16 Corrosion test results from tests conducted on L80 Steel at 150° C. for a period of 4 hours (coupon surface area of 28.0774 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B 60.9646 60.4796 0.485 1894.837 48.129 0.035 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B2 60.7783 60.5228 0.256 998.2079 25.354 0.019 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-C 61.3428 60.9434 0.399 1560.408 39.634 0.029 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater

(40) TABLE-US-00017 TABLE # 17 Corrosion test results from tests conducted on P110 steel at 150° C. for a period of 4 hours (coupon surface area of 28.922 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B 55.797 55.0799 0.717 2719.809 69.083 0.052 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B2 56.5985 55.3402 1.258 4772.466 121.221 0.092 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-C 55.5223 54.3893 1.133 4297.23 109.150 0.083 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater

(41) TABLE-US-00018 TABLE #18 Corrosion test results from tests conducted on L80 steel at 150° C. for a period of 4 hours (coupon surface area of 28.0774 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine 5% FCI-A 60.8837 60.5081 0.376 1467.424 37.273 0.027 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B 59.4286 59.1164 0.312 1219.728 30.981 0.023 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B2 60.7783 60.5228 0.256 998.2079 25.354 0.019 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B3 60.869 60.6118 0.257 1004.85 25.523 0.019 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-C 61.794 61.5172 0.277 1081.424 27.468 0.020 HCl 1:3 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater

(42) TABLE-US-00019 TABLE #19 Corrosion test results from tests conducted on L80 steel at 200° C. for a period of 2 hours (coupon surface area of 28.0774 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-B2 60.9673 60.4881 0.479 3744.354 95.107 0.035 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 10% FCI-B2 60.4192 59.9616 0.458 3575.577 90.820 0.033 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 10% FCI-B2 60.2292 59.6716 0.558 4356.953 110.667 0.041 HCl 1:3 + 1.25% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-B2 60.4591 60.0077 0.451 3527.131 89.589 0.033 HCl 1:3 + 0.75% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-B2 60.6992 60.4063 0.293 2288.65 58.132 0.021 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater

(43) TABLE-US-00020 TABLE #20 Corrosion test results from tests conducted on L80 steel at 150° C. for a period of 4 hours (coupon surface area of 28.0774 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B2 60.4177 60.1643 0.253 990.0034 25.146 0.018 HCl 1:5 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-B2 59.6982 59.4745 0.224 873.9691 22.199 0.016 HCl 1:5 + 0.5% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 5% FCI-B2 59.899 59.6007 0.298 1165.422 29.602 0.022 HCl 1:5 + 0.75% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine 7.5% FCI-B2 60.3211 60.0907 0.230 900.1452 22.864 0.017 HCl 1:5 + 0.75% CI-1A Seawater

(44) TABLE-US-00021 TABLE #21 Corrosion test results from tests conducted on L80 steel at 220° C. for a period of 2 hours (coupon surface area of 28.0774 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Fluid Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% Lysine- 7.5% FCI-B2 61.6074 61.1883 0.419 3274.747 83.179 0.031 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine- 7.5% FCI-H2 61.3002 60.6069 0.693 5417.28 137.599 0.051 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater 50% Lysine- 7.5% FCI-I2 59.1065 58.2406 0.866 6765.935 171.855 0.063 HCl 1:3 + 1% CI-1A Seawater

(45) TABLE-US-00022 TABLE #22 Corrosion test results from tests conducted using 15% HCl on 1018 steel at various temperatures for a period of 6 hours (coupon surface area of 41.4 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Temp Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. ° C. Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 70 0.5% FCI-B2a 74.0445 74.0042 0.040 71.18695714 1.808 0.002 0.25% CI-1A 70 0.25% FCI-B2a 74.2268 74.1473 0.079 140.430846 3.567 0.004 0.25% CI-1A 70 0.15% FCI-B2a 74.0014 73.8027 0.199 350.9887936 8.915 0.010 0.25% CI-1A 70 0.5% FCI-B2a 74.079 74.0257 0.053 94.1504917 2.391 0.003 70 0.25% FCI-B2a 74.0705 73.9506 0.120 211.7944457 5.380 0.006 70 0.15% FCI-B2a 73.9286 73.5075 0.421 743.8418772 18.894 0.021 90 0.5% FCI-B2a 74.2865 74.1327 0.154 271.6762781 6.901 0.008 0.25% CI-1A 90 0.25% FCI-B2a 74.1226 73.3237 0.799 1411.19752 35.844 0.040 0.25% CI-1A 90 0.5% FCI-B2a 74.0325 73.8418 0.191 336.8573877 8.556 0.009 90 0.25% FCI-B2a 73.8154 72.9728 0.843 1488.390325 37.805 0.042 50 0.25% FCI-B2a 75.0438 75.0165 0.027 48.22342258 1.225 0.001 0.25% CI-1A 50 0.25% FCI-B2a 75.054 75.0109 0.043 76.1329492 1.934 0.002 50 0.15% FCI-B2a 74.177 74.1309 0.046 81.4322264 2.068 0.002 0.15% CI-lA 50 0.15% FCI-B2a 74.0119 73.9414 0.070 124.5330143 3.163 0.003 110 1.0% FCI-B2a 74.0053 73.9371 0.068 120.4702352 3.060 0.003 0.25% CI-1A 110 0.75% FCI-B2a 74.1822 74.1141 0.068 120.2935926 3.055 0.003 0.25% CI-1A 110 1.0% FCI-B2a 74.1918 74.091 0.101 178.0557141 4.523 0.005 110 0.75% FCI-B2a 74.238 74.1362 0.102 179.8221399 4.567 0.005 110 0.50% FCI-B2a 73.942 73.8467 0.095 168.3403726 4.276 0.005 0.25% CI-1A 110 0.50% FCI-B2a 74.1361 73.9157 0.220 389.3202321 9.889 0.011 70 0.25% FCI-B2a(D) 74.2088 73.6566 0.552 975.4202911 24.776 0.027 0.25% CI-1A 70 0.50% FCI-B2a(D) 74.9309 74.838 0.093 164.1009508 4.168 0.005 0.25% CI-1A 70 0.75% FCI-B2a (D) 74.1802 74.1116 0.069 121.1768054 3.078 0.003 0.25% CI-1A 70 0.25% FCI-B2a (D) 74.1369 73.9055 0.231 408.7509152 10.382 0.011 70 0.50% FCI-B2a (D) 73.9657 73.9016 0.064 113.2278896 2.876 0.003 70 0.75% FCI-B2a (D) 74.1934 74.1485 0.045 79.31251552 2.015 0.002 90 0.50% FCI-B2a (D) 74.2141 73.7547 0.459 811.4959828 20.612 0.023 0.25% CI-1A 90 0.75% FCI-B2a (D) 74.0777 73.9459 0.132 232.8149119 5.913 0.007 0.25% CI-1A 90 1.0% FCI-B2a (D) 74.1802 74.1116 0.069 121.1768054 3.078 0.003 0.25% CI-1A 90 0.50% FCI-B2a (D) 73.9886 73.2281 0.761 1343.366772 34.122 0.038 90 0.75% FCI-B2a (D) 74.2525 73.9589 0.294 518.6225959 13.173 0.015 90 1.0% FCI-B2a (D) 74.0419 73.8995 0.142 251.5390247 6.389 0.007 90 0.75% FCI-B2a (D) 74.0619 73.6747 0.387 683.9600447 17.373 0.019 0.25% CI-1A 90 1.0% FCI-B2a (D) 74.0166 73.8356 0.181 319.7230581 8.121 0.009 0.25% CI-1A 50 0.25% FCI-B2a (D) 74.078 74.032 0.046 81.25558383 2.064 0.002 0.25% CI-1A 50 0.50% FCI-B2a (D) 74.1016 74.0735 0.028 49.63656316 1.261 0.001 0.25% CI-1A 50 0.75% FCI-B2a (D) 73.9875 73.9654 0.022 39.03800875 0.992 0.001 0.25% CI-1A 50 0.25% FCI-B2a(D) 74.1088 74.0327 0.076 134.4249985 3.414 0.004 50 0.50% FCI-B2a(D) 74.0231 73.9881 0.035 61.82490074 1.570 0.002 50 0.75% FCI-B2a(D) 74.181 74.1539 0.027 47.87013743 1.216 0.001 110 0.50% FCI-B2a 74.1478 74.0243 0.124 218.1535783 5.541 0.006 0.25% CI-1A 110 0.75% FCI-B2a 74.0935 74.0018 0.092 161.9812399 4.114 0.005 0.25% CI-1A 110 0.75% FCI-B2a 74.5447 74.4628 0.082 144.6702677 3.675 0.004 0.50% CI-1A 130 0.75% FCI-B2a 74.0073 73.6322 0.375 662.5862933 16.830 0.019 0.25% CI-1A 130 0.75% FCI-B2a 74.0998 73.7496 0.350 618.6022925 15.712 0.017 0.50% CI-1A

(46) TABLE-US-00023 TABLE #23 Corrosion test results from tests conducted using 15% HCl on 1018 steel at various temperatures for a period of 4 hours (coupon surface area of 41.4 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Temp Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. ° C. Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 150 1.75% FCI-2a 74.147 73.7916 0.355 941.6815595 23.919 0.018 0.750% CI-1A 150 2.25% FCI-2a 74.0795 73.5693 0.510 1351.845615 34.337 0.025 0.75% CI-1A 150 2.5% FCI-2a 74.0907 73.6619 0.429 1136.165033 28.859 0.021 1.25% CI-1A 90 1.0% FCI-B2a(DM) 74.2756 73.6124 0.663 1757.240322 44.634 0.033 0.25% CI-1A 90 0.75% FCI-B2a(DM) 74.2299 73.63 0.600 1589.518198 40.374 0.030 0.25% CI-1A 70 1.0% FCI-B2a (DM) 74.0194 73.8533 0.166 440.104972 11.179 0.008 70 0.75% FCI-B2a(DM) 74.2191 73.9308 0.288 763.8908093 19.403 0.014 70 0.35% FCI-B2a(DM) 74.0978 73.7705 0.327 867.2267148 22.028 0.016 0.25% CI-1A 70 0.50% FCI-B2a(DM) 74.1442 73.9403 0.204 540.2613112 13.723 0.010 0.25% CI-1A 70 0.75% FCI-B2a(DM) 74.1127 73.9854 0.127 337.2989942 8.567 0.006 0.25% CI-1A 90 1.0% FCI-B2a(DM) 74.0561 73.7182 0.338 895.312884 22.741 0.017 0.50% CI-1A

(47) TABLE-US-00024 TABLE #24 Corrosion test results from tests conducted using various synthetic acid blends on L80 steel at various temperatures and exposure times (coupon surface area of 28.0774.29 cm.sup.2, steel density of 7.86 g/cc) Fluid Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss wt. Time system temp Package (g) (g) (g) (hours) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% lysine- 200 7.5% FCI-B2a 60.4438 60.135 0.309 2 2412.889212 61.287 0.023 HCl 1:4.5 1% CI-1A 90% lysine- 110 1.25% FCI-B2a 60.6304 60.4759 0.154 6 402.4086607 10.221 0.011 HCl 1:4.5 1% CI-1A 90% lysine- 110 1.25% FCI-B2a 61.1477 60.8601 0.288 6 749.079164 19.027 0.021 HCl 1:4.5 1% CI-1A 50% lysine- 200 7.5% FCI-B2a 59.129 58.7474 0.382 2 2981.73097 75.736 0.028 HCl 1:4.5 1% CI-1A 50% lysine- 200 8.5% FCI-B2a 60.8457 60.4712 0.374 2 2926.253271 74.327 0.027 HCl 1:6.5 1.25% CI-1A 50% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.5557 60.3627 0.193 4 754.0278789 19.152 0.014 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 50% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.1053 59.5843 0.521 5 1628.387668 41.361 0.038 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 50% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.0322 59.3632 0.669 6 1742.46857 44.259 0.049 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 33% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.3761 60.1877 0.188 4 736.05623 18.696 0.014 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 33% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.3221 59.9849 0.337 5 1053.920003 26.770 0.025 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 33% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.2575 59.6801 0.577 6 1503.888419 38.199 0.042 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 33% lysine- 150 6.0% FCI-B2a 60.2718 60.0777 0.194 4 758.3254471 19.261 0.014 HCl 1:8.5 0.6% CI-1A 33% lysine- 150 6.0% FCI-B2a 60.1422 59.8309 0.311 5 972.9694454 24.713 0.023 HCl 1:8.5 0.6% CI-1A 33% lysine- 150 6.0% FCI-B2a 59.863 59.3958 0.467 6 1216.862953 30.908 0.034 HCl 1:8.5 0.6% CI-1A 100% lysine- 150 3.0% FCI-B2a 60.4234 59.2116 1.212 4 4734.357428 120.253 0.088 HCl 1:8.5 0.3% CI-1A 100% lysine- 150 2.5% FCI-B2a 60.4212 59.7891 0.632 4 2469.538975 62.726 0.046 HCl 1:8.5 0.3% CI-1A 50% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.667 60.3115 0.355 4 1388.895912 35.278 0.026 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 50% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.667 60.3115 0.355 4 1388.895912 35.278 0.026 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 100% lysine- 150 6.0% FCI-B2a 60.4182 59.778 0.640 4 2501.184705 63.530 0.047 HCl 1:8.5 0.7% CI-1A 6.66% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.4667 59.9199 0.547 3 2848.376126 72.349 0.040 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 13.3% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 60.6686 60.5198 0.149 3 775.125032 19.688 0.011 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 13.3% lysine- 150 5.0% FCI-B2a 59.7332 59.4264 0.307 4 1198.630846 30.445 0.022 HCl 1:8.5 0.5% CI-1A 6.66% lysine- 150 6.5% FCI-2A 60.3516 60.1867 0.165 3 858.992727 21.818 0.012 HCl 1:8.5 0.65% CI-1A

(48) TABLE-US-00025 TABLE #25 Corrosion test results from tests conducted using various synthetic acid blends on QT-800 steel coupons at 200° C. for an exposure time of 2 hours (surface area of 34.31 cm.sup.2 and steel density of 7.86 g/cm.sup.3) Fluid Corrosion Initial Wt. Final wt. Loss system Package (g) (g) (g) Mils/yr mm/year lb/ft2 50% lysine- 5.5% FCI-B2a 40.9424 40.728 0.214 1370.948189 34.822 0.013 HCl 1:4.5 1% CI-1A 50% lysine- 5.5% FCI- B2a 40.6582 40.2635 0.395 2523.849115 64.106 0.024 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 50% lysine- 7.5% FCI- B2a 41.2752 40.9446 0.331 2113.971415 53.695 0.020 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 50% lysine- 8.5% FCI- B2a 41.011 40.4755 0.536 3424.173299 86.974 0.032 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 50% lysine- 8.5% FCI- B2a 40.9879 40.5325 0.455 2911.986032 73.964 0.027 HCl 1:6.5 1.25% CI-1A 50% lysine- 8.5% FCI- B2a 40.6423 40.1602 0.482 3082.715121 78.301 0.029 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 50% lysine- 7.5% FCI- B2a 40.8089 40.4582 0.351 2242.497807 56.959 0.021 HCl 1:4.5 1% CI-1A 66% lysine- 7.5% FCI- B2a 40.5471 40.2666 0.281 1793.614585 45.558 0.017 HCl 1:4.5 1% CI-1A 66% lysine- 5.5% FCI- B2a 40.3666 38.9679 1.399 8943.774403 227.172 0.084 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 66% lysine- 7.5% FCI- B2a 40.9341 39.7116 1.223 7817.090304 198.554 0.073 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 50% lysine- 7.5% FCI- B2a 41.1124 40.7353 0.377 2411.308592 61.247 0.023 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 66% lysine- 7.5% FCI- B2a 41.0294 40.406 0.623 3986.236479 101.250 0.037 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 66% lysine- 7.5% FCI- B2a 40.5272 39.8122 0.715 4571.958746 116.128 0.043 HCl 1:6.5 1% CI-1A 66% lysine- 8.5% FCI- B2a 40.5157 40.1242 0.392 2503.387202 63.586 0.023 HCl 1:6.5 1.25% CI-1A 50% lysine- 5% FCI- B2a 40.4454 40.2591 0.186 595.6335066 15.129 0.011 HCl 1:6.5 0.5% CI-1A 33% lysine- 5% FCI- B2a 40.435 40.2035 0.232 740.145769 18.800 0.014 HCl 1:6.5 0.5% CI-lA

(49) TABLE-US-00026 TABLE #26 Corrosion test results from tests conducted using various synthetic acid blends on various steel coupons at various temperature and exposure times T Corrosion Surface Steel Fluid (° C.) inhibitor area density time Mills/yr Mm/year Lb/ft.sup.2 L80 50% MEA 130 2.0% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 504.248 12.808 0.014 1:3.5 2.5% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 130 3.0% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 718.345 18.246 0.020 1:3.5 2.5% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 150 2.0% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 950.543 24.144 0.018 1:3.5 2.5% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 150 3.0% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 903.661 22.953 0.017 1:3.5 2.5% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 200 7.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 2 2775.44 70.496 0.026 1:3.5 1.0% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 110 1.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 200.0322 5.081 0.006 1:3.5 1% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 110 1.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 281.555 7.152 0.008 1:3.5 1% CI-1A L80 50% DEA 110 1.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 651.667 16.552 0.012 1:3.5 1% CI-1A N80 50% DEA 110 1.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 414.519 10.529 0.008 1:3.5 1% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.75% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 170.106 4.321 0.005 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A 1018 50% DEA 90 0.75% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 152.795 3.881 0.004 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 41.4 7.86 6 14686.06 373.026 0.411 1:3.5 1018 50% MEA 90 0.25% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 1092.88 27.759 0.031 1:3.5 0.15% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.50% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 696.148 17.682 0.019 1:3.5 0.15% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 41.4 7.86 6 21341.77 542.081 0.598 1:5.5 1018 50% MEA 90 0.25% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 4080.44 103.643 0.114 1:5.5 0.15% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.50% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 789.23 20.047 0.022 1:5.5 0.15% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 41.4 7.86 6 26288.12 667.718 0.736 1:8.5 1018 50% MEA 90 0.25% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 6798.266 172.676 0.190 1:8.5 0.15% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.50% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 1415.260 35.948 0.040 1:8.5 0.15% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 120 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 765.227 19.437 0.021 1:3.5 0.50% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 120 1.0% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 858.732 21.812 0.024 1:3.5 0.75% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.60% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 392.853 9.978 0.011 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.50% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 515.972 13.106 0.014 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.60% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 345.512 8.776 0.010 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.50% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 615.069 15.623 0.017 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.60% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 1032.484 26.225 0.029 1:8.5 0.25% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 90 0.50% FCI- B2a 41.4 7.86 6 1027.353 26.095 0.029 1:8.5 0.25% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 90 0.6% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 240.403 6.106 0.007 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A J55 50% MEA 90 0.6% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 138.310 3.513 0.004 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 90 0.6% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 4 364.487 9.258 0.007 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A QT900 50% MEA 90 0.6% FCI- B2a 34.31 7.86 6 93.783 2.382 0.003 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 396.418 10.069 0.011 1:3.5 0.50% CI-1A J55 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 144.631 3.674 0.004 1:3.5 0.50% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 4 701.286 17.813 0.013 1:3.5 0.50% CI-1A QT900 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 34.31 7.86 6 339.966 8.635 0.010 1:3.5 0.50% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 33.22 7.86 6 313.917 7.974 0.009 1:3.5 0.50% CI-1A L80 33% MEA 90 0.6% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 278.169 7.066 0.008 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A 0.1% NE-1 L80 33% MEA 120 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 798.566 20.284 0.022 1:3.5 0.5% CI-1A 0.1% NE-1 P110 33% MEA 120 0.925% FCI-B2a 28.922 7.86 6 1398.52 35.523 0.040 1:3.5 0.625% CI-1A 0.1% NE-1 P110 33% MEA 120 1.25% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 834.160 21.188 0.024 1:3.5 0.95% CI-1A 0.1% NE-1 P110 50% MEA 90 1%FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 72 66.6477 1.693 0.023 1:5.5 1% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 90 2% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 72 36.832 0.936 0.013 1:5.5 2% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 90 3% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 72 34.956 0.888 0.012 1:5.5 3% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 90 2% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 168 38.0633 0.967 0.031 1:5.5 2% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 90 3% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 168 33.4307 0.849 0.027 1:5.5 3% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 60 0.25% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 123.196 3.129 0.003 1:3.5 J55 50% MEA 60 0.25% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 79.901 2.029 0.002 1:3.5 1018 50% MEA 60 0.25% FCI-B2a 33.22 7.86 6 431.471 10.959 0.012 1:3.5 J55 50% MEA 130 1.75% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 515.313 13.089 0.014 1:3.5 1.25% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 130 1.75% FCI- B2a 33.22 7.86 6 1371.683 34.841 0.038 1:3.5 1.25% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 130 2.25% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 1671.884 42.466 0.047 1:3.5 1.75% CI-1A 1018 50% MEA 130 2.25% FCI- B2a 33.22 7.86 6 1289.351 32.750 0.036 1:3.5 1.75% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 150 2.25% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 1498.679 38.066 0.028 1:3.5 2.25% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 150 2.50% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 1058.373 26.883 0.020 1:3.5 2.75% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 150 2.0% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 752.465 19.113 0.014 1:3.5 2.5% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 150 2.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 553.604 14.062 0.010 1:3.5 2.5% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 170 7.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 3 2690.017 68.326 0.038 1:3.5 7.5% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 120 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 3 492.266 12.504 0.007 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 120 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 3 557.902 14.171 0.008 1:3.5 0.5% CI-1A L80 33% MEA 120 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 3 797.524 20.257 0.011 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A L80 33% MEA 120 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 3 434.965 11.048 0.006 1:5.5 0.5% CI-1A L80 33% MEA 120 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 3 502.685 12.768 0.007 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A L80 33% MEA 120 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 544.228 13.823 0.010 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A L80 33% MEA 120 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 5 1210.820 30.755 0.028 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 120 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 4 566.497 14.389 0.011 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 120 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 5 984.533 25.007 0.023 1:3.5 0.25% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 90 1.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 72 59.4062 1.509 0.020 1:3.5 1.5% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 90 1.5% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 72 41.6996 1.059 0.014 1:3.5 1.5% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 90 2.0% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 72 38.855 0.987 0.013 1:3.5 2.0% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 90 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 278.690 7.079 0.008 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 90 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 175.028 4.446 0.005 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A J55 50% MEA 90 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 169.664 4.309 0.005 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 90 0.5% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 214.418 5.446 0.006 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A QT-900 50% MEA 90 0.5% FCI- B2a 34.31 7.86 6 94.210 2.393 0.003 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A 1018CS 50% MEA 90 0.5% FCI- B2a 33.22 7.86 6 1000.529 25.413 0.028 1:5.5 0.25% CI-1A L80 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 458.407 11.644 0.013 1:5.5 0.5% CI-1A N80 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.0774 7.86 6 460.490 11.696 0.013 1:5.5 0.5% CI-1A J55 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 147.665 3.751 0.004 1:5.5 0.5% CI-1A P110 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 28.922 7.86 6 249.312 6.333 0.007 1:5.5 0.5% CI-1A QT-900 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 34.31 7.86 6 165.400 4.201 0.005 1:5.5 0.5% CI-1A 1018CS 50% MEA 110 0.75% FCI- B2a 33.22 7.86 6 195.262 4.960 0.005 1:5.5 0.5% CI-1A *NE represents an ethoxylate-based non-emulsifier

(50) The results highlight the flexibility of the application of the CI package according to the present invention. Used in appropriate amounts given a specific metal, acidic fluid and temperature, corrosion packages according to preferred embodiments of the present invention can yield desirable corrosion protection.

(51) Additionally, corrosion inhibition packages according to preferred embodiments of the present invention will allow the end user to utilize synthetic and modified acids that have the down-hole performance advantages, transportation and storage advantages as well as the health, safety and environmental advantages. The person skilled in the art will also understand that the corrosion package according to the present invention is useful when as also utilized with conventional acid systems.

(52) In addition to stability at high temperatures and desirable corrosion rates as discussed above, the use of synthetic and modified acids along with a corrosion package according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, allows for reduction in skin corrosiveness, a more controlled or methodical spending or reacting property, minimizing near well bore damage typically caused by an ultra-aggressive reaction with the formation typically caused by HCl and increasing formation penetration providing superior production over time.

(53) Uses of Corrosion Inhibition Packages According to Preferred Embodiments of the Present Invention

(54) The uses (or applications) of the corrosion inhibition packages according to the present invention when combined (or mixed) with acidic compositions upon dilution of the latter ranging from approximately 1 to 90% dilution, include, but are not limited to: injection/disposal well treatments; matrix acid squeezes, soaks or bullheads; acid fracturing, acid washes; fracturing spearheads (breakdowns); pipeline scale treatments, cement breakdowns or perforation cleaning; pH control; and de-scaling applications. As would be understood by the person skilled in the art, the methods of use generally comprise the following steps: providing a composition comprising a corrosion inhibitor package according to a preferred embodiment of the present; mixing said package with an acid composition; exposing a surface (such as a metal surface) to the acid composition comprising the package; allowing the acid composition a sufficient period of time to act upon said surface; and optionally, removing the acid composition when the exposure time has been determined to be sufficient for the operation to be complete or sufficiently complete. Another method of use comprises: injecting the acid composition comprising the package into a well and allowing sufficient time for the acid composition to perform its desired function. Yet another method of use comprises: exposing the acid composition comprising the package to a body of fluid (typically water) requiring a decrease in the pH and allowing sufficient exposure time for the acid composition to lower the pH to the desired level.

(55) One of the advantages of the use of a synthetic acid composition using a corrosion inhibition package according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes: the reduction of the total loads of acid, and the required number of tanks by delivering concentrated product to location and diluting with fluids available on location (with low to high salinity production water).

(56) An acidic composition comprising a corrosion inhibition package according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be used to treat scale formation inside a ultra-high SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) well wherein the SAGD or cyclical steam operation is halted and said synthetic or modified acid is injected into said well to treat scale formation inside said well, wherein the treatment does not require a cool-down period between stopping the steam and the injection of the synthetic or modified acid composition.

(57) While the foregoing invention has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant arts, once they have been made familiar with this disclosure that various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention in the appended claims.