Fluid line connector devices methods and systems

Abstract

A frangible connector has a first side that forms a female luer when a second side is fractured at a predefined break line. The second side may be connected to a fluid circuit, for example, a source of medical treatment fluid such as dialysate.

Claims

1. A method of supplying a fluid for a renal replacement therapy, comprising: providing a fluid circuit that is fluidly connected by a first tube to a fluid channel element that has a first end and an opposite second end, the first end connected to the first tube and the second end connected to a second tube that extends to a first connector closed with a cap; removing the cap from the first connector; connecting the first connector to a luer-type connector on a first source of the fluid to create a fluid connection from the first source through the fluid channel element to the fluid circuit; supplying the fluid from the first source of the fluid to begin a therapeutic treatment, the supplying including flowing the fluid through the fluid channel element in a flow direction from the second end to the first end; halting the supplying of the fluid from the first source prior to completing the therapeutic treatment; fracturing the fluid channel element between the first end and the second end to form a second connector attached to the first end of the fluid channel element and to physically separate the second end from the first end; connecting the second connector to a luer-type connector on a second source of the fluid; flowing the fluid from the second source through the second connector in said flow direction; and continuing the therapeutic treatment with the fluid from the second source, wherein the first connector and the second connector are physically configured to mate with a same luer-type connector.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after halting said supplying of the fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of the fluid to the fluid channel element.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after halting said supplying of the fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of the fluid to the fluid channel element using a non-reopenable clamp.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after halting said supplying of the fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of the fluid to the fluid channel element using a non-reopenable clamp and leaving the second end of the fluid channel element connected by the first connector to the first source of the fluid to keep the first source sealed from an external environment.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fracturing is effective to define and render accessible a mouth of an opening of the second connector.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second connector is female luer type connector.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid channel element is a generally cylindrical plastic part.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the fracturing includes fracturing at a circular score line on the generally cylindrical plastic part.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments will hereinafter be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like elements. The accompanying drawings have not necessarily been drawn to scale. Where applicable, some features may not be illustrated to assist in the description of underlying features.

(2) FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C show embodiments of a frangible connector with optional elements and showing the frangible connector prior to, and after, fracturing, according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

(3) FIGS. 2-6 show the connector of FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C in a blood treatment implementation while illustrating a method of use, according to embodiments of the disclosed subject matter.

(4) FIGS. 7 and 8 are perspective views of connectors according to the embodiments showing specific features that may be used with any embodiment, including features that help users distinguish the connector parts after fracturing.

(5) FIG. 9 shows a frangible connection with two sides in which both sides form independent connectors.

(6) FIG. 10 shows an oblique view of a separated connector according to the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8.

(7) FIGS. 11A and 11B show an embodiment to illustrate devices and methods of a frangible connector device that forms two connectors when fractured.

(8) FIG. 12 shows how in the embodiment of FIGS. 11A and 11B and others, the tapered concave conical recess of the female luer can be formed with a single pin having to define a positive draft with another pin opposite, whereby the connector device can be molded in a single operation with two pins and two mold halves.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C, a frangible connector 100 has a first side 118 that forms a connector 116 when a frangible portion 105 is fractured separating the first side 118 from a second side 120 of the frangible connector 100. In the embodiment, the formed connector 116 is a female luer connector but could be any type of connector including a male luer connector. The frangible connector 100 second side 120 is left behind when the frangible portion 105 is fractured, thereby preventing further attachment to the second side 120. In embodiments, the second side 120 may form another connector of any type, for example a female luer formed by the second side 120 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9. The frangible connector 100 may be connected at the first end to a tube 106, for example by solvent or thermal bonding to a recess 108 thereof. The tube 106 may be connected to a fluid circuit. The frangible connector 100 may be connected at the second end 120 to a further tube 110, for example by solvent or thermal bonding in a recess 112 thereof. The connector 116 may have external threads 104 which engage threads of a locking collar 135 of a complementary connector such as a male locking luer as shown at 131. The second side 120 of the frangible connector 100 can also be connected via tube 110 to a further connector 132 such as a female luer connector as shown at 132. The tube 106 may be permanently bonded to a fluid circuit 140 in further embodiments. For example, the assembly shown in FIG. 1B (before being fractured, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C) may be capped and sealed to protect the internal space of a fluid circuit.

(10) The tube 110 may be further connected to a connector 132 such as a female luer connector. The connector 132 may be capped to seal the pre-connected fluid circuit 140 if present. The fluid circuit and frangible connector 100 components together with connector 132 and cap 148 may form a sealed deliverable element for a treatment system. A non-reopenable tubing clamp 130 may also be provided pre-attached to tube 110 to allow the frangible connector 100 second side 120 to be sealed and remain connected by the connector 132 to a further fluid handing device (not shown here) to seal the latter until the connector 132 is removed.

(11) Referring now to FIG. 2, the frangible connector 100 is attached by a tube 138 (or other means) to form part of a sealed fluid circuit 80 assembly that includes a fluid circuit 140 such as a cartridge, a vessel, a network of tubing or other type of fluid management circuit for a treatment system, such as a dialysis system. The sealed fluid circuit assembly 80 has a connector 132 sealed by the cap 148 as described above. A main fluid source 137 may have a connector 139, in the embodiment, a male locking luer type connector. The latter is sealed by a cap 147. The main fluid source 137 may be an online or batch dialysate supply such as in a clinic or a home. The connector 139 may be configured to be connectable to connector 132 to supply fluid to the fluid circuit 140. In case of an interruption in the supply of fluid from the main fluid source 137, a backup fluid source 136 may also be provided. The backup fluid source 136 may have a connector 131 (a male locking luer type, for example) sealed by a cap 147. The sealed fluid circuit assembly 80 may also include a non-reopenable tubing clamp 130 as discussed above. The latter may be provided in an open position such that the tube 110 is open and uncompressed prior to use.

(12) FIGS. 3-6 show stages of use of the components described with reference to the foregoing figures. In FIG. 3, connector 132 and connector 139 are interconnected after removing the respective sealing caps 148 and 147. The main fluid source 137 supplies fluid to the fluid circuit 140 to support a treatment. For example, the main fluid source 137 may flow dialysate continuously to the fluid circuit 140 to support a dialysis treatment. If, during a treatment, the main fluid source 137 become inoperative or otherwise unusable or disfavored as a source of fluid, in order to complete the treatment, an operator may desire to switch to the backup fluid source 136. To do so, in an embodiment, the operator may close the non-reopenable tubing clamp 130 thereby sealing the tube 110 as shown in FIG. 4. Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the frangible connector 100 is fractured at the frangible portion 105. And the connector 116 formed of first side 118 of frangible connector 100 is connected to the connector 131 of the backup fluid source 136 as shown in FIG. 6. The main fluid source 137 remains sealed until the frangible connector 100 second side 120 is removed by disconnecting the connector 139.

(13) Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, a frangible connector 100 has a first side 118 and second side 120 connected by a frangible portion 105. External threads 104 on the first side 118 form a female luer-type connector 116 when the first 118 and second 120 sides are broken apart at the frangible portion 105. In the present embodiment, distinctive features 125 and 160 help to ensure the connector (first part 118) resulting from separation is easily distinguished from the non-connector (second part 120). In the example shown, a scalloped surface cylindrical surface 125 is formed which can be identified by touch. Wings 160 protrude from the connector which aids in locking the external threads 104 in a locking collar 135 of a mating male luer connector 131. FIG. 10 shows the connector 116 formed from the first part 118 of the FIGS. 7 and 8 embodiments.

(14) Referring to FIG. 9, as indicated above, a frangible connector 100′ can formed such that it splits into two independent connectors 116A and 116B formed by first part 118′ and second part 120′. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1A and elsewhere herein, the first and second parts 118′ and 120′ may be separated by breaking along a frangible portion 105. FIGS. 11A and 11B show an embodiment to illustrate devices and methods of a frangible connector device that forms two connectors when fractured. Referring to FIGS. 11A and 11B, a first fluid device 202 may be a container, a fluid source, a drain, or other supply, conveyance, processing, or consuming device of any type. A second fluid device 204 may be a container, a fluid source, a drain, or other supply, conveyance, processing, or consuming device of any type. A third fluid device 206 may be a container, a fluid source, a drain, or other supply, conveyance, processing, or consuming device of any type. A fourth fluid device 208 may be a container, a fluid source, a drain, or other supply, conveyance, processing, or consuming device of any type. The first fluid device 202 is connected to third fluid device 206 by fluid lines 210 and a frangible connector 221 that can be broken into independent connector 220A and independent connector 22B. The independent connector 220A and independent connector 22B are both illustrated as female connectors but may instead be a combination of male and female connectors. As in the disclosed embodiments, the independent connector 220A and independent connector 220B are joined by a frangible portion to form a continuous lumen in the frangible connector 221 until the frangible portion is broken. Any or all the lines 210 may carry reopenable or non-reopenable clamps 212. The first fluid device 202 may be disconnected from the third fluid device 206 be closing line clamps, breaking the frangible portion of the frangible connector 221. The first fluid device 202 may then be connected to the second fluid device 204 by connecting the independent connector 220A to a connector 222 of the second fluid device 2014 as shown in FIG. 11. In a similar fashion, the independent connector 220B may be connected to a connector 224 of the fourth fluid device 208. It will be observed that a variety of methods may be implemented by combining multiple instances frangible connectors according to the embodiments to make and break connections between fluid devices.

(15) FIG. 12 shows how in the connector device 100 embodiment of FIGS. 11A and 11B and others, the tapered concave conical recess of the female luer can be formed with a single pin having to define a positive draft with another pin opposite, whereby the connector device can be molded in a single operation with two pins and two mold halves. The shaded volume occupies the second part 120 and a portion of the first part 118 that forms the connector 116. This allows a pin in the shaded volume to be released during molding because the entire shaded volume has a neutral or positive draft. Another pin can be used to fill the unshaded recess. This characteristic may apply to any of the embodiments. Alternatively the parts may be formed by 3D printing and have internal overhangs or other negative draft features.

(16) In all the embodiments, frangible connectors are illustrated in which a continuous lumen allows fluid to flow between two attached connectors or a connector and a non-connector. A frangible portion is provided so that when it is broken the one or two connectors can be separated and attached to one or more other connectors. The frangible portion is formed so as to create a clean and predictable edge of the separated one or two connectors. The connectors and/or non-connectors can have distinctive feature that allow a user to tell them apart easily without looking at them or at least to confirm by touch. Clamps can be reopenable or non-reopenable to achieve release stasis of fluid in connected fluid circuits. Any of the embodiments may be sterile sealed fluid devices including connectors herein. Any of the embodiments may be used for medical fluid handling. Any of the embodiments may be delivered in a sterile package as part of a medical device.

(17) According to first embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a connector device that includes an inline fluid channel element. The inline fluid channel element has first and second end portions adapted for bonding to tubing segments. The inline fluid channel element has a middle portion defining a connector attached to the second end portion through a frangible portion that, when fractured, renders the connector operable to connect with a predefined mating connector.

(18) Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the connector is of a female locking luer type. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the connector has thread portions. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the connector has an opening shaped to receive the mating connector, a mouth of the opening coinciding with a circular channel defining the frangible portion. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the inline fluid channel is generally cylindrical in shape. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the connector device further includes a fluid circuit for a renal replacement therapy device permanently bonded to the first end portion. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the connector device further includes a releasably capped connector connected to the second end portion. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the releasably capped connector is of a locking luer type. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the second end portion is connected to a tubing segment and with a pre-installed non-reopenable clamp. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the connector device further includes a fluid circuit for a renal replacement therapy device permanently bonded to the first end portion. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the connector device further includes a releasably capped connector connected to the second end portion. Variations of the first embodiments may be provided to form additional first embodiments in which the releasably capped connector is of a locking luer type.

(19) According to second embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a method of supplying fluid for a renal replacement therapy. The method includes connecting fluid circuit of a renal replacement therapy device to a first source of fluid by a fluid channel element. The method includes supplying fluid from the source to begin a therapeutic treatment. The method includes halting the supply of fluid from the source prior to completing the treatment. The method includes fracturing the fluid channel element to form a connector. The method includes connecting the connector to a second source of fluid and continuing the treatment.

(20) Variations of the second embodiments may be provided to form additional second embodiments in which the method includes, after halting said supply of fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element. Variations of the second embodiments may be provided to form additional second embodiments in which the method includes, after halting said supply of fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element using a non-reopenable clamp. Variations of the second embodiments may be provided to form additional second embodiments in which the method includes, after halting said supply of fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element using a non-reopenable clamp and leaving a portion of the fluid channel element on a connector of the first fluid source to keep it sealed from the external environment. Variations of the second embodiments may be provided to form additional second embodiments in which the fracturing is effective to define and render accessible the mouth of an opening of the connector. Variations of the second embodiments may be provided to form additional second embodiments in which the connector is of female luer type connector. Variations of the second embodiments may be provided to form additional second embodiments in which the fluid channel element is a generally cylindrical plastic part. Variations of the second embodiments may be provided to form additional second embodiments in which the fracturing includes fracturing at a circular score line on the generally cylindrical plastic part.

(21) According to third embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a connector device that includes an inline fluid channel element. The inline fluid channel element has first and second end portions adapted for bonding to tubing segments. The inline fluid channel element has a middle portion defining a connector attached to the second end portion through a frangible portion that, when fractured, renders the connector to remain attached to the first portion and operable to connect with a predefined mating connector and also renders the second portion unusable as a connector thereby preventing connection to an external fluid circuit.

(22) Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the connector is of a female locking luer type. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the connector has thread portions. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the connector has an opening shaped to receive the mating connector, a mouth of the opening coinciding with a circular channel defining the frangible portion. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the inline fluid channel is generally cylindrical in shape. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the connect device further includes a fluid circuit for a renal replacement therapy device permanently bonded to the first end portion. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the connect device further includes a releasably capped connector connected to the second end portion. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the releasably capped connector is of a locking luer type. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the second end portion is connected to a tubing segment and with a pre-installed non-reopenable clamp. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the connect device further includes a fluid circuit for a renal replacement therapy device permanently bonded to the first end portion. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the connect device further includes a releasably capped connector connected to the second end portion. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the releasably capped connector is of a locking luer type.

(23) According to fourth embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a connector device that includes an inline fluid channel element. The inline fluid channel element has first and second end portions adapted for bonding to tubing segments. The inline fluid channel element has a middle portion defining a connector attached to the second end portion through a frangible portion that, when fractured, renders the connector operable to connect with a predefined mating connector. Variations of the third embodiments may be provided to form additional third embodiments in which the connector is of a female locking luer type.

(24) Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the connector has thread portions. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the connector has an opening shaped to receive the mating connector, a mouth of the opening coinciding with a circular channel defining the frangible portion. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the inline fluid channel is generally cylindrical in shape. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the connector device further includes a fluid circuit for a renal replacement therapy device permanently bonded to the first end portion. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the connector device further includes a releasably capped connector connected to the second end portion. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the releasably capped connector is of a locking luer type. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the second end portion is connected to a tubing segment with a flow sealing element that prevents flow through the second end portion. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the connector device further includes a fluid circuit for a renal replacement therapy device permanently bonded to the first end portion. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the connector device further includes a releasably capped connector connected to the second end portion. Variations of the fourth embodiments may be provided to form additional fourth embodiments in which the releasably capped connector is of a locking luer type.

(25) According to fifth embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a method of supplying fluid for a renal replacement therapy. The method includes connecting fluid circuit of a renal replacement therapy device to a first source of fluid by a fluid channel element. The method includes supplying fluid from the source. The method includes halting the supply of fluid from the source after a predetermined time. The method includes fracturing the fluid channel element to form a connector. The method includes connecting the connector to a second source of fluid and continuing the supplying.

(26) Variations of the fifth embodiments may be provided to form additional fifth embodiments in which the method further includes, after halting said supply of fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element. Variations of the fifth embodiments may be provided to form additional fifth embodiments in which the method further includes, after halting said supply of fluid, sealing a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element to prevent flow therethrough. Variations of the fifth embodiments may be provided to form additional fifth embodiments in which the method further includes, after halting said supply of fluid, sealing off flow through a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element and leaving a portion of the fluid channel element on a connector of the first fluid source to keep it sealed from the external environment. Variations of the fifth embodiments may be provided to form additional fifth embodiments in which the fracturing is effective to define and render accessible the mouth of an opening of the connector. Variations of the fifth embodiments may be provided to form additional fifth embodiments in which the connector is of female luer type connector. Variations of the fifth embodiments may be provided to form additional fifth embodiments in which the fluid channel element is a generally cylindrical plastic part. Variations of the fifth embodiments may be provided to form additional fifth embodiments in which the fracturing includes fracturing at a circular score line on the generally cylindrical plastic part.

(27) According to embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a connector device. An inline fluid channel element has first and second end portions adapted for bonding to tubing segments. The inline fluid channel element connector has a middle portion defining a connector attached to the second end portion through a frangible portion that when fractured renders the connector operable to connect with a predefined mating connector.

(28) Variants of the foregoing may be such that the connector is of a female locking luer type. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the connector has thread portions. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the connector has an opening shaped to receive the mating connector, a mouth of the opening coinciding with a circular channel defining the frangible portion. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the inline fluid channel is generally cylindrical in shape. Variants of the foregoing may include a fluid circuit for a renal replacement therapy device permanently bonded to the first end portion. Variants of the foregoing may include a releasably capped connector connected to the second end portion. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the releasably capped connector is of a locking luer type. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the second end portion is connected to a tubing segment and with a pre-installed non-reopenable clamp. Variants of the foregoing may include a fluid circuit for a renal replacement therapy device permanently bonded to the first end portion. Variants of the foregoing may include a releasably capped connector connected to the second end portion. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the releasably capped connector is of a locking luer type.

(29) According to embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a method of supplying fluid for a renal replacement therapy. The method includes connecting fluid circuit of a renal replacement therapy device to a first source of fluid by a fluid channel element. The method includes supplying fluid from the source to begin a therapeutic treatment. The method includes halting the supply of fluid from the source prior to completing the treatment. The method includes fracturing the fluid channel element to form a connector. The method includes connecting the connector to a second source of fluid and continuing the treatment.

(30) Variants of the foregoing may include after halting the supply of fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element. Variants of the foregoing may include, after halting the supply of fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element using a non-reopenable clamp. Variants of the foregoing may include, after halting the supply of fluid, clamping a tube that connects the first source of fluid to the fluid channel element using a non-reopenable clamp and leaving a portion of the fluid channel element on a connector of the first fluid source to keep it sealed from the external environment. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the fracturing is effective to define and render accessible the mouth of an opening of the connector. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the connector is of female luer type connector. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the fluid channel element is a generally cylindrical plastic part. Variants of the foregoing may be such that the fracturing includes fracturing at a circular score line on the generally cylindrical plastic part.

(31) According to sixth embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a connector device. A fluid channel element is connected at a first end to a first fluid device and at a second end to a second fluid device permitting fluid to flow between the first and second fluid devices. The first and second fluid devices each include any, or a combination of, a fluid circuit, a fluid cartridge, a fluid consumer, a fluid supply, a sterile sealed cap, a drain, a tubing extension, a fluid conveyance, or a fluid store. The fluid channel element is generally elongate and having first and second parts, each with one of the first and second ends, that are integral and joined by a frangible portion that forms a smooth edge when fractured to separate the first and second parts. At least one of the first and second parts is shaped such that it is rendered a connector connectable by sealing and locking to a predefined connector.

(32) In variants thereof, the sixth embodiments include some in which the first and second ends are bonded, respectively, to the first and second fluid devices. In variants thereof, the sixth embodiments include some in which the at least one of the first and second parts is the first part. In variants thereof, the sixth embodiments include some in which the first part has extensions protruding therefrom and the second part does not. In variants thereof, the sixth embodiments include some in which the second part has a textured surface that is different from the surface of the first part. In variants thereof, the sixth embodiments include some in which the first and second parts have different surface textures so that they can be discriminated tactilely by a user. In variants thereof, the sixth embodiments include some in which the at least one of the first and second parts is both the first and second part.

(33) According to the seventh embodiments, the disclosed subject matter includes a connector device with a fluid channel element that has an internal lumen to permit fluid to flow between first and second ends of the element. The fluid channel element is generally elongate and having first and second parts, each terminating at a respective one of first and second ends, the parts is integral and joined by a frangible portion that forms a smooth edge when fractured to separate the first and second parts. At least one of the first and second parts is shaped such that it is rendered a connector connectable by sealing and locking to a predefined connector.

(34) In variants thereof, the seventh embodiments include some in which the first and second ends are bonded, respectively, to the first and second fluid devices. In variants thereof, the seventh embodiments include some in which the at least one of the first and second parts is the first part. In variants thereof, the seventh embodiments include some in which the first part has extensions protruding therefrom and the second part does not. In variants thereof, the seventh embodiments include some in which the second part has a textured surface that is different from the surface of the first part. In variants thereof, the seventh embodiments include some in which the first and second parts have different surface textures so that they can be discriminated tactilely by a user. In variants thereof, the seventh embodiments include some in which the at least one of the first and second parts is both the first and second part.

(35) Features of the disclosed embodiments may be combined, rearranged, omitted, etc., within the scope of the invention to produce additional embodiments. Furthermore, certain features may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

(36) It is, thus, apparent that there is provided, in accordance with the present disclosure, dialysate methods, devices, and systems. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations are enabled by the present disclosure. While specific embodiments have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles. Accordingly, Applicants intend to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations that are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.