Mixtures of sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin and uses thereof

Abstract

The present invention is directed to pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin and methods of controlling pests including insects and mites by application of pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin.

Claims

1. A pesticidal mixture comprising sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin as the only active ingredients, wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to azadirachtin is from about 1:110 to about 1:1.

2. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are derived from Schoenocaulon officinale.

3. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are veratridine and cevadine.

4. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are at a concentration from about 0.05% to about 0.5% w/w, wherein w/w denotes weight by total weight of the mixture.

5. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the azadirachtin are at a concentration from about 0.5% to about 5.5% w/w, wherein w/w denotes weight by total weight of the mixture.

6. The mixture of claim 1 further comprising one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of solvents, anti-caking agents, stabilizers, defoamers, slip agents, humectants, dispersants, wetting agents, thickening agents, emulsifiers, penetrants, adjuvants, synergists, polymers, propellants and/or preservatives.

7. A method of controlling a pest comprising applying a pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin as the only active ingredients to the pest or the pest's environment wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to azadirachtin is from about 1:110 to about 1:1.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the pest is at least one of an insect and a mite.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of aphids (Homoptera), whiteflies (Hemiptera), thrips (Thysanoptera), bed bugs (Hemiptera), fleas (Siphonaptera), caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), cockroaches (Blattodea), flies (Diptera), ants (Hymenoptera), and mites (Acari).

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of common bed bugs (Cimex lectularius), green peach aphids (Myzus persicae), house fly (Musca domestica), yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), southern house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus), African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae), common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus) and German cockroach (Blattella germanica).

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 1,000 grams per hectare.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 700 grams per hectare.

13. The method of claim 7, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 22 to about 560 grams per hectare.

14. The method of claim 7, wherein the azadirachtin is applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 100 grams per hectare.

15. The method of claim 7, wherein the azadirachtin is applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 70 grams per hectare.

16. The method of claim 7, wherein the azadirachtin is applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 13 to about 54 grams per hectare.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) Neemix? 4.5 was used as the source of azadirachtin. Neemix? is a registered trademark of Certis USA, LLC.

Example 1German Cockroach

(2) In this study, the response of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) to application of a 1:10, 1:1, 1:110 and 1:11 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to azadirachtin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 5.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 5.5% w/w.

(3) The results of the study are predicted to show enhanced pesticidal activity.

Example 2House Fly

(4) In this study, the response of the house fly (Musca domestica) to application of a 1:10, 1:1, 1:110 and 1:11 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to azadirachtin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 5.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 5.5% w/w.

(5) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect when application occurs at the larval stage. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B?(AB/100).

(6) % C.sub.exp=A+B?(AB/100), where % C.sub.exp is the expected efficacy and in which A and B are the control levels given by the single [insecticides]. If the ratio between the experimentally observed efficacy of the mixture C.sub.obs and the expected efficacy of the mixture is greater than 1, synergistic interactions are present in the mixture. (Gisi, Synergisitic Interaction of Fungicides in Mixtures, The American Phytopathological Society, 86:11, 1273-1279, 1996). Adopting a conservative approach, Applicant determined synergy to be present at ratios of ?1.1.

Example 3Common Bed Bug

(7) In this study, the response of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) to application of a 1:10, 1:1, 1:110 and 1:11 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to azadirachtin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 5.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 5.5% w/w.

(8) The results of the study are predicted to show enhanced pesticidal activity.

Example 4Green Peach Aphid

(9) In this study, the response of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to application of a 1.7:1, 41.7:1, 1:2.4 and 10.4:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to azadirachtin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and azadirachtin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 22 g/HA and 54 g/HA; 2) 22 g/HA and 13 g/HA; 3) 560 g/HA and 54 g/HA; and 4) 560 g/HA and 13 g/HA.

(10) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B?(AB/100).