EFFICIENT TECHNIQUES TO SIGNAL CODEBOOK SUBSET RESTRICTION BIT MAP IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Abstract

Efficient techniques to signal codebook subset restriction bit maps are provided. In some embodiments, a method of operation of a node of a cellular communications network includes determining a codebook restriction for a wireless device. The codebook restriction reduces a full codebook of the wireless device to a reduced codebook. The method also includes providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device with an indication of one or more ranks to which the codebook restriction applies. In some embodiments, this enables reduced signaling overhead from upper layers, improving the throughput of data traffic channels. This may also enable reduced RRC signaling message failures and also reduced latency.

Claims

1. A method of operation of a node of a cellular communications network comprising: determining a codebook restriction for a wireless device, the codebook restriction being a restriction that reduces a full codebook of the wireless device to a reduced codebook, the full codebook comprising precoding matrices for a plurality of ranks; and providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device with an indication of one or more ranks of the plurality of ranks to which the codebook restriction applies.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device comprises providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device by providing, to the wireless device, an initial Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration, or comprises providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device by providing, to the wireless device, a Radio Resource Control, RRC, re-configuration, or comprises providing, to the wireless device, the codebook restriction to the wireless device by using physical layer signaling, or comprises providing, to the wireless device, a field called Applied Ranks comprising the indication of the one or more ranks of the plurality of ranks to which the codebook restriction applies.

3-5. (canceled)

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the codebook restriction comprises codebook restrictions for a subset of all possible ranks, the subset having fewer than all possible ranks, and providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device comprises providing, to the wireless device, an indication of the subset of all possible ranks to which the codebook restrictions apply.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the codebook restriction is for a two-dimensional antenna system.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein providing the codebook restriction comprises providing the codebook restriction for a first direction in the two-dimensional antenna system.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the first direction is a vertical or a horizontal direction.

10. (canceled)

11. The method of claim 7 wherein providing the codebook restriction comprises providing the codebook restriction for a first direction and a second direction in the two-dimensional antenna system.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the first direction is a horizontal direction and the second direction is a vertical direction.

13-15. (canceled)

16. A node comprising: circuitry comprising one or more processors and a memory containing instructions whereby the node is configured to: determine a codebook restriction for a wireless device, the codebook restriction being a restriction that reduces a full codebook of the wireless device to a reduced codebook, the full codebook comprising precoding matrices for a plurality of ranks; and provide the codebook restriction to the wireless device an indication of one or more ranks of the plurality of ranks to which the codebook restriction applies.

17-30. (canceled)

31. A method of operation of a wireless device of a cellular communications network comprising: receiving a codebook restriction with an indication of one or more ranks of a plurality of ranks to which the codebook restriction applies, the codebook restriction being a restriction that reduces a full codebook of the wireless device to a reduced codebook, the full codebook comprising precoding matrices for the plurality of ranks; and transmitting channel feedback to a node of the cellular communications network based on the codebook restriction.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein receiving the codebook restriction comprises receiving the codebook restriction by receiving an initial Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration, or comprises receiving the codebook restriction by receiving physical layer signaling, or comprises receiving the codebook restriction by receiving an RRC re-configuration, or comprises receiving a field called Applied Ranks comprising the indication of the one or more ranks of the plurality of ranks to which the codebook restriction applies.

33-35. (canceled)

36. The method of claim 31 wherein the codebook restriction comprises codebook restrictions for a subset of all possible ranks, the subset having fewer than all possible ranks, and receiving the codebook restriction comprises receiving an indication of the subset of all possible ranks to which the codebook restrictions apply.

37. The method of claim 31 wherein the codebook restriction is for a two-dimensional antenna system.

38. The method of claim 37 wherein receiving the codebook restriction comprises receiving the codebook restriction for a first direction in the two-dimensional antenna system.

39. The method of claim 38 wherein the first direction is a vertical or a horizontal direction.

40. (canceled)

41. The method of claim 37 wherein receiving the codebook restriction comprises receiving the codebook restriction for a first direction and a second direction in the two-dimensional antenna system.

42. The method of claim 41 wherein the first direction is a horizontal direction and the second direction is a vertical direction.

43-45. (canceled)

46. A User Equipment, UE, comprising: circuitry comprising one or more processors and a memory containing instructions whereby the UE is configured to: receive a codebook restriction with an indication of one or more ranks of a plurality of ranks to which the codebook restriction applies, the codebook restriction being a restriction that reduces a full codebook of the wireless device to a reduced codebook, the full codebook comprising precoding matrices for the plurality of ranks; and transmit channel feedback to a node of a cellular communications network based on the codebook restriction.

47-60. (canceled)

61. A User Equipment, UE, adapted to: receive a codebook restriction with an indication of one or more ranks of a plurality of ranks to which the codebook restriction applies, the codebook restriction being a restriction that reduces a full codebook of the wireless device to a reduced codebook, the full codebook comprising precoding matrices for the plurality of ranks; and transmit channel feedback to a node of a cellular communications network based on the codebook restriction.

62-65. (canceled)

66. A node adapted to: determine a codebook restriction for a wireless device, the codebook restriction being a restriction that reduces a full codebook of the wireless device to a reduced codebook, the full codebook comprising precoding matrices for a plurality of ranks; and provide the codebook restriction to the wireless device with an indication of one or more ranks of the plurality of ranks to which the codebook restriction applies.

67-70. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a cellular communications network;

[0038] FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate example transmitters with multiple transmit antennas, according to some embodiments of the current disclosure;

[0039] FIG. 4 illustrates an example transmitter with a two-dimensional array of antennas, according to some embodiments of the current disclosure;

[0040] FIG. 5 illustrates a method of operating a node to provide a codebook subset restriction bit map to a wireless device, according to some embodiments of the current disclosure;

[0041] FIG. 6 illustrates a codebook subset restriction bit map based on maximum rank;

[0042] FIGS. 7A through 7C illustrate a codebook subset restriction bit map with an applied rank indicator, according to some embodiments of the current disclosure;

[0043] FIGS. 8 through 10 illustrate a way to communicate a codebook subset restriction bit map and/or an update to the codebook subset restriction bit map, according to some embodiments of the current disclosure;

[0044] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a User Equipment device (UE) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a UE according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0047] FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The embodiments set forth below represent information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.

[0049] In some embodiments, the non-limiting term radio network node or simply network node is used, and it refers to any type of network node serving a User Equipment (UE) and/or connected to another network node or network element or any radio node from which the UE receives a signal. Examples of radio network nodes are Node Bs, base stations (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) nodes such as MSR BS, eNode Bs, network controllers, Radio Network Controllers (RNC), Base Station Controllers (BSC), relays, donor node controlling relays, Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), Access Points (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, Radio Remote Units (RRU), Radio Remote Heads (RRH), nodes in Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS), etc.

[0050] In some embodiments, the non-limiting term UE is used, and it refers to any type of wireless device communicating with a radio network node in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UE are target devices, Device to Device (D2D) UEs, machine type UEs or UEs capable of Machine to Machine (M2M) communication, PDAs, iPADs, tablets, mobile terminals, smart phones, Laptop Embedded Equipment (LEE), Laptop Mounted Equipment (LME), Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongles, etc. Note that as examples, 4 Tx, 8 Tx, or 16 Tx are considered. However, this invention is equally applicable for any N.sub.t Tx systems.

[0051] The embodiments are described in particular for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)/Full Dimension (FD)-MIMO operation of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)/Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE Advanced (LTE-A), UTRA/High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) FDD systems. The embodiments are, however, applicable to any Radio Access Technology (RAT) or multi-RAT system where the UE operates using MIMO e.g., LTE TDD, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/GSM Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (GERAN), Wi Fi, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)2000, LTE-NX, Massive MIMO system, etc.

[0052] The embodiments are applicable to single carrier as well as to multi-carrier (MC) or Carrier Aggregation (CA) operation of the UE in conjunction with MIMO in which the UE is able to receive and/or transmit data to more than one serving cell using MIMO. CA is also referred to as (i.e. interchangeably called) multi-carrier system, multi-cell operation, multi-carrier operation, or multi-carrier transmission and/or reception. Note that in the present disclosure the techniques are explained using a 4 carrier system; however, the techniques are not limited thereto and can be applied to any number of carrier systems. For example, the disclosed techniques may be applied to as many as 32 carriers, as in Release 13 LTE/LTE-A.

[0053] Herein, wireless transmissions in the downlink are discussed, but the presently disclosed technology is equally applicable in the uplink.

[0054] FIG. 5 illustrates a method of operating a node to provide a codebook subset restriction bit map to a wireless device, according to some embodiments of the current disclosure. First, the node 14 (shown here as a eNode B (eNB) 14) determines a codebook restriction for a wireless device 18 (shown here as a UE 18) (step 100). The codebook restriction is a restriction that reduces a full codebook of the wireless device 18 to a reduced codebook. The full codebook includes precoding matrices for several ranks. The node 14 then provides the codebook restriction to the wireless device 18 with an indication of one or more ranks to which the codebook restriction applies. In some embodiments, this enables reduced overhead compared to providing a full codebook subset restriction bit map (step 102). As shown in FIG. 5, the wireless device 18 is then able to transmit channel feedback to the node 14 of the cellular communications network based on the codebook restriction (step 104). This enables reduced signaling overhead from upper layers, improving the throughput of data traffic channels, according to some embodiments. This may also enable reduced RRC signaling message failures and also reduced latency.

[0055] FIG. 6 shows the codebook subset restriction bit map for an Ntx antenna system with maximum rank up to R. The number of codebook elements in a given rank R is denoted by Ncr. Then in the conventional method, during the RRC configuration and re-configuration, the total number of bits sent is equal to:

[00001]$\underset{r=1}{\overset{R}{.Math.}}.Math..Math.\mathrm{Ncr}$

[0056] As an example, consider LTE Release 8, 4Tx MIMO, R=4, N.sub.c1=16, N.sub.c2=16, N.sub.c3=16, and N.sub.c4=16. In this scenario, the total number of bits sent during RRC configuration and re-configuration is equal to 64, which is a large number that increases the overhead on PDSCH when the number of antennas is very large as in FD-MIMO.

[0057] In some embodiments, instead of sending the complete bit map during RRC re-configuration, limited bit maps are signaled corresponding to certain rank(s); i.e., when the bit map is applied to only a subset of rank(s), there is no need to signal the complete bit map. Hence, in some embodiments, the network should send the codebook subset restriction bit maps corresponding to the rank(s) which require changes. Therefore, in some embodiments, during re-configurations, a new field called Applied Ranks is appended to the new codebook subset restriction bit map to indicate those certain ranks on which the new bit map is applied, as shown in FIGS. 7A-7C. Note that the number of bits required to indicate Applied Ranks depends on the number of combinations. The number of combinations follows the binomial series, i.e., .sub.RC.sub.r. For example, when only a single rank is considered, then the number of combinations is equal to R, i.e., either 1 or 2 or 3 . . . or R; hence the number of bits equal to Log.sub.2(.sub.RC.sub.r). When two ranks are considered, then the number of combinations is equal to .sub.RC.sub.2; which is the number of bits equal to Log.sub.2(.sub.RC.sub.2), and so on. Note that when all ranks are considered, there is no need to indicate the Applied Ranks, as there is no benefit.

[0058] Mathematically, the benefits of the proposed method can be described as follows. For example, in the RRC configuration, the UE is signaled with .sub.r=1.sup.R Ncr bits. Then during RRC re-configuration, only the bits belonging to the rank 1 are changed, then the bit map length equal to log 2(R)+Nc1 is signaled. That is, log.sub.2(R) bits indicate the specific rank where the new bit map is applied. Note that log 2(R)+Nc1 is always less than .sub.r=1.sup.R Ncr. Therefore, the number of bits saved is equal to log 2(R).sub.r=2.sup.R Ncr.

[0059] For FD-MIMO/MIMO, the codebook subset restriction bit map is set on few ranks during re-configuration in either the horizontal or vertical domain. However, in FD-MIMO for vertical codebook subset restriction, the changes in the vertical domain for higher ranks are very minimal, and consequently, sending the complete bit map during re-configuration increases the signaling overhead. Using the proposed method, the signaling overhead can be minimized by sending the ranks and the corresponding bitmap which requires changes during re-configuration.

[0060] FIGS. 8-10 illustrate potential methods to indicate the proposed bit map to the UE 18. FIG. 8 shows the message sequence chart according to some embodiments. During the RRC configuration, the eNB 14 sends the complete bit map as in the conventional method, i.e., the bit map is equal to .sub.r=2.sup.R Ncr (step 200). The node 14 further sends reference signals (step 202) and receives feedback from a feedback channel (step 204). The wireless device 18 receives a downlink control channel (step 206) and transmits on the data traffic channel (step 208).

[0061] However, during RRC re-configuration, the node 14 sends an RRC re-configuration with reduced overhead (step 210). For instance, the node 14 indicates the proposed bit map, i.e., Applied Ranks and the bit map correspond to the specific ranks. Note that in this embodiment, this is a higher layer message.

[0062] In another embodiment, the network can send the proposed new bit map for codebook subset restriction and the information about the Applied Ranks of codebook subset restriction through physical layer signaling as shown in FIG. 9. In this embodiment, Steps 300-308 correspond to Steps 200-208 discussed above. Instead of sending the updated bit map as an RRC re-configuration, the node 14 sends the proposed bit map on physical layer signaling (step 310). For example, this information can be sent as part of the downlink control channel. Note that this method avoids the delay involved in higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC).

[0063] The embodiments discussed in FIGS. 8 and 9 use a full bit map to begin with and only use the reduced overhead version to communicate updates. However, the same principle as explained in the RRC re-configuration can be applied at the network node for RRC signaling. FIG. 10 shows the message sequence chart according to those embodiments. During the RRC set up and configuration (step 400), the node 14 sends the RRC configuration with reduced overhead (step 400). In some embodiments, this is information related to the specific rank(s) and the corresponding bit map for the codebook subset restriction to the UE 18 using RRC setup and configuration. The remaining steps 402-410 correspond to steps 202-210, but could also use the physical layer signaling discussed in relation to step 310.

[0064] In some embodiments, once the UE 18 receives and decodes this information, the UE 18 computes the Channel State Information (CSI) from the reference signals and reports the CSI on the precoding codebooks which are set for the specific ranks as indicated by the field Applied Ranks, and for all the other ranks which are not indicated, the UE 18 should use all the precoding codebook elements. By applying this technique, signaling overhead can be reduced at the RRC setup and configuration.

[0065] To explain the concept, an example is provided with maximum rank equal to 4. In this scenario, the rank 1, 2, 3, and 4 precoding codebook consists of 16 elements for each rank. Then for RRC re-configuration, Table 2 shows the number of bits saved with the proposed method.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Bit map Conven- Number Allowed length for Bit map tional Proposed of bits ranks allowed ranks length method method savings 1 Log2(.sub.4C.sub.1) = 2 16 64 2 + 16 46 2 Ceil 16 + 16 64 3 + 32 29 (Log2(.sub.4C.sub.2)) = 3 3 Log2(.sub.4C.sub.3) = 2 16 + 64 2 + 48 14 16 + 16 4 0 16 + 64 0 + 64 0 16 + 16 + 16

[0066] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the UE 18 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the UE 18 includes one or more processors 38 (e.g., one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs), one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or the like, or any combination thereof), memory 40, and one or more transceivers 42 including one or more transmitters 44 and one or more receivers 46 coupled to one or more antennas 48. In some embodiments, the functionality of the UE 18 described herein is implemented in software, which is stored in the memory 40 and executed by the processor(s) 38.

[0067] In some embodiments, a computer program including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of the UE 18 according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some embodiments, a carrier containing the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as the memory 40).

[0068] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the UE 18 according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the UE 18 includes one or more modules 50, each of which is implemented in software. The module(s) 50 operate to provide the functionality of the UE 18 according to any of the embodiments described above with respect to FIGS. 5 and 8-10.

[0069] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the node 14 (e.g., a base station 14, an eNode B 14, etc.) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the node 14 includes a baseband unit 28 that includes one or more processors 52 (e.g., one or more CPUs, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, and/or the like, or any combination thereof), memory 54, and a network interface 56 (e.g., a network interface providing a connection to the core network 20 and/or other nodes 14). The node 14 also includes one or more radio units 58 including one or more transmitters 60 and one or more receivers 62 connected to one or more antennas 32-1 through 32-N. In some embodiments, the functionality of the node 14 described herein is implemented in software, which is stored in the memory 54 and executed by the processor(s) 52.

[0070] Note that other network nodes may include components similar to those of the node 14 illustrated in FIG. 13.

[0071] In some embodiments, a computer program including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of the node 14 (e.g., the base station 14) according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some embodiments, a carrier containing the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as the memory 54).

[0072] FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a node 14 (e.g., the base station 14) according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the node 14 includes one or more modules 64, each of which is implemented in software. The module(s) 64 operate to provide the functionality of the node 14 according to any of the embodiments described above with respect to FIGS. 5 and 8-10.

[0073] While various embodiments are described herein, some exemplary embodiments are as follows.

[0074] Embodiment 1: A method of operation of a node of a cellular communications network comprising: [0075] providing a codebook restriction to a wireless device with reduced overhead.

[0076] Embodiment 2: The method of embodiment 1 wherein the overhead is reduced compared to providing a full codebook subset restriction bit map.

[0077] Embodiment 3: The method of embodiment 1 or 2 wherein providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device with reduced overhead comprises providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device by providing an initial RRC configuration with reduced overhead to the wireless device.

[0078] Embodiment 4: The method of embodiment 1 or 2 wherein providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device with reduced overhead comprises providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device by providing a RRC re-configuration with reduced overhead to the wireless device.

[0079] Embodiment 5: The method of embodiment 1 or 2 wherein providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device with reduced overhead comprises providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device by providing physical layer signaling with reduced overhead to the wireless device.

[0080] Embodiment 6: The method of any of the previous embodiments wherein providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device with reduced overhead comprises providing an indication of which ranks the restriction is applicable to the wireless device.

[0081] Embodiment 7: The method of any of the previous embodiments wherein the codebook restriction comprises codebook restrictions for a subset of all possible ranks, the subset being less than all possible ranks, and providing the codebook restriction to the wireless device with reduced overhead comprises providing an indication to the wireless device of the subset of all possible ranks to which the codebook restrictions apply.

[0082] Embodiment 8: The method of any of the previous embodiments wherein the cellular communications network is an LTE network.

[0083] Embodiment 9: The method of embodiment 8 wherein the node is an eNB.

[0084] Embodiment 10: A method of operation of a wireless device of a cellular communications network comprising:

[0085] receiving a codebook restriction with reduced overhead.

[0086] Embodiment 11: The method of embodiment 10 wherein the overhead is reduced compared to receiving a full codebook subset restriction bit map.

[0087] Embodiment 12: The method of embodiment 10 or 11 wherein receiving the codebook restriction with reduced overhead comprises receiving the codebook restriction by receiving an initial RRC configuration with reduced overhead.

[0088] Embodiment 13: The method of embodiment 10 or 11 wherein receiving the codebook restriction with reduced overhead comprises receiving the codebook restriction by receiving a RRC re-configuration with reduced overhead.

[0089] Embodiment 14: The method of embodiment 10 or 11 wherein receiving the codebook restriction with reduced overhead comprises receiving the codebook restriction by receiving physical layer signaling with reduced overhead.

[0090] Embodiment 15: The method of any of embodiments 10-14 wherein receiving the codebook restriction with reduced overhead comprises receiving an indication of which ranks the restriction is applicable.

[0091] Embodiment 16: The method of any of embodiments 10-14 wherein the codebook restriction comprises codebook restrictions for a subset of all possible ranks, the subset being less than all possible ranks, and receiving the codebook restriction with reduced overhead comprises receiving an indication of the subset of all possible ranks to which the codebook restrictions apply.

[0092] Embodiment 17: The method of any of embodiments 10-16 wherein the cellular communications network is an LTE network.

[0093] Embodiment 18: A method of operation of a node of a cellular communications network comprising: [0094] providing a codebook restriction to a wireless device with reduced overhead for a two-dimensional antenna system.

[0095] Embodiment 19: The method of embodiment 18 wherein providing the codebook restriction comprises providing the codebook restriction for a first direction in the two-dimensional antenna system with reduced overhead.

[0096] Embodiment 20: The method of embodiment 19 wherein the first direction is the vertical direction.

[0097] Embodiment 21: The method of embodiment 19 wherein the first direction is the horizontal direction.

[0098] Embodiment 22: The method of embodiment 18 wherein providing the codebook restriction comprises providing the codebook restriction for a first direction and a second direction in the two-dimensional antenna system with reduced overhead.

[0099] Embodiment 23: The method of embodiment 22 wherein the first direction is the horizontal direction and the second direction is the vertical direction.

[0100] The following acronyms are used throughout this disclosure. [0101] 3GPP 3.sup.rd Generation Partnership Project [0102] AAS Active-Array-Antenna Systems [0103] AP Access Point [0104] ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit [0105] BS Base Station [0106] BSC Base Station Controller [0107] BTS Base Transceiver Station [0108] CA Carrier Aggregation [0109] CDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCPU [0110] Central Processing Unit [0111] CQI Channel Quality Indicator [0112] CSI Channel State Information [0113] D2D Device-to-Device [0114] DAS Distributed Antenna System [0115] DFT Discrete Fourier Transform [0116] E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access [0117] EDGE Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution [0118] eNB Enhanced or Evolved Node B [0119] FD Full Dimension [0120] FDD Frequency Division Duplex [0121] FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array [0122] FSS Frequency Selective Scheduling [0123] GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network [0124] GSM Global System for Mobile Communication [0125] HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request [0126] HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access [0127] HSPA High Speed Packet Access [0128] LEE Laptop Embedded Equipment [0129] LME Laptop Mounted Equipment [0130] LTE Long Term Evolution [0131] LTE-A LTE Advanced [0132] M2M Machine-to-Machine [0133] MC Multi-Carrier [0134] MHz Megahertz [0135] MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output [0136] MSR Multi-Standard Radio [0137] NX New Radio-Access Technology [0138] OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access [0139] PCI Precoding Index [0140] PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator [0141] QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation [0142] RAT Radio Access Technology [0143] RF Radio Frequency [0144] RI Rank Indicator [0145] RNC Radio Network Controller [0146] RRC Radio Resource Control [0147] RRH Remote Radio Head [0148] RRU Remote Radio Unit [0149] SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access [0150] SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio [0151] SM Spatial Multiplexing [0152] TDD Time Division Duplex [0153] UE User Equipment [0154] UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service [0155] USB Universal Serial Bus [0156] UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access [0157] WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access [0158] WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

[0159] Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.