LITHIUM DIFLUORO-BIS(OXALATE)PHOSPHATE, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Abstract

Disclosed are lithium difluoro-bis(oxalate)phosphate, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing oxalyl chloride and lithium hexafluorophosphate with a nonaqueous solvent, adding siloxane, and reacting to obtain a lithium difluoro-bis(oxalate)phosphate solution; and (2) adding a poor solvent into the lithium difluoro-bis(oxalate)phosphate solution for crystallization treatment to obtain the lithium difluoro-bis(oxalate)phosphate. According to the present application, raw materials such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, oxalyl chloride, and hexamethyldisiloxane are used for preparing the difluoro-bis(oxalate)phosphate, and the method of the present application is few in side reaction, few in impurities, high in product purity, and suitable for industrial production.

Claims

1. A method for preparing lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing oxalyl chloride and lithium hexafluorophosphate with a nonaqueous solvent, adding siloxane, and reacting to obtain a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate solution; and (2) adding a poor solvent into the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate solution for crystallization to obtain the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous solvent in step (1) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethyl acetate or acetonitrile.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein a purity of the nonaqueous solvent in step (1) is more than 99.9%.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein a moisture content of the nonaqueous solvent in step (1) is less than 10 ppm.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous solvent and the lithium hexafluorophosphate in step (1) have a mass ratio of is (10-20):1.

6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the siloxane comprises any one or a combination of at least two of hexamethyldisiloxane, hexaethyldisiloxane, difluorotetramethyldisiloxane, difluorotetraethyldisiloxane, dichlorotetramethyldisiloxane, or dichlorotetraethyldisiloxane; preferably, the siloxane is added in manner of dropwise adding; preferably, the lithium hexafluorophosphate, the oxalyl chloride and the siloxane in step (1) have a molar ratio of 1:(2.0-2.4):(4.0-4.5).

7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reacting in step (1) comprises stirring; preferably, a temperature of the reacting is 30-60? C.; preferably, a time of the reacting is 6-12 h; preferably, the mixing in step (1) is performed under an inert atmosphere; preferably, both step (1) and step (2) are performed under an inert atmosphere; preferably, a gas in the inert atmosphere comprises at least one of nitrogen, helium, neon and argon; preferably, a moisture content of the inert atmosphere is less than 10 ppm.

8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the poor solvent in step (2) comprises any one or a combination of at least two of n-hexane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene or ethylbenzene; preferably, the poor solvent and the lithium hexafluorophosphate have a mass ratio of (8-30):1.

9. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate solution is filtered after step (1) and before the crystallization in step (2); preferably, filtration, washing, and drying are performed after the crystallization in step (2); preferably, the drying comprises vacuum drying; preferably, a temperature of the drying is 40-120? C., preferably 60-100? C.; preferably, a time of the drying is 2-12 h, preferably 4-8 h.

10. A lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate according to claim 10, wherein the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate has a chloride ion content of 0-5 ppm.

12. The lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate according to claim 10, wherein the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate has a metal impurity ion content of 0-10 ppm.

13. The lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate according to claim 10, wherein the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate has a moisture content of is 0-10 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 7.5 ppm; preferably, the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate has an acid value of 0-10 ppm; preferably, a purity of the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate is more than or equal to 99.9%.

14. An electrolyte comprising the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate according to any one of claims 10 to 13.

15. A lithium-ion battery comprising the electrolyte according to claim 14.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The technical solution of the present application is further illustrated by the embodiments below. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only to help understand the present application, and should not be regarded as a specific limitation of the present application.

[0055] Raw materials or reagents used in the examples and comparative examples of the present application are purchased from mainstream manufacturers in the market, and those whose manufacturer or concentration have not been indicated are all analytical grade raw materials or reagents that can be routinely obtained, as long as they can play the expected role, there are no special restrictions. Instruments and equipment such as gloveboxes used in the examples and comparative examples of the present application are purchased from major manufacturers in the market, as long as they can play the expected role, there are no special restrictions. Specific techniques or conditions without indicating in the examples and comparative examples of the present application are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the document of the field or the product manuals.

Example 1

[0056] This example provides a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and a method for preparing the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate is as follows: [0057] (1) in a glovebox with nitrogen atmosphere and a moisture content less than 10 ppm, 250 g of dimethyl carbonate that was dehydrated to 8 ppm was added to a three-necked reaction flask, and 15.19 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate (0.1 mol) and 25.38 g of oxalyl chloride (0.2 mol) were simultaneously added; the three-necked reaction flask was taken out from the glovebox, placed on a constant temperature magnetic stirring device, and heated to 30? C.; 64.95 g of hexamethyldisiloxane (0.4 mol) was dropwise added to the three-necked reaction flask by a constant pressure dropping funnel, where lithium hexafluorophosphate, oxalyl chloride and hexamethyldisiloxane had a molar ratio of 1:2:4; the mixture was fully stirred for reaction, a trimethylfluorosilane gas produced during the reaction was introduced into an alkali solution such as potassium hydroxide solution for absorption, the reaction was completed after 6 h to obtain a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate solution; and [0058] (2) the reaction solution was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, most of the solvent and trimethylchlorosilane were removed, the obtained concentrated solution was added with 150 g of dichloromethane for crystallization, and filtered, the product was washed twice with 50 g of dichloromethane, and dried at 60? C. for 8 h under a relative vacuum of ?0.09 MPa, and 23.13 g of the product lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (0.0918 mol) was obtained and the yield was 91.8%.

Example 2

[0059] This example provides a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and a method for preparing the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate is as follows: [0060] (1) in a glovebox with nitrogen atmosphere and a moisture content less than 10 ppm, 152 g of diethyl carbonate that was dehydrated to 7 ppm was added to a three-necked reaction flask, and 15.19 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate (0.1 mol) and 30.46 g of oxalyl chloride (0.24 mol) were simultaneously added; the three-necked reaction flask was taken out from the glovebox, placed on a constant temperature magnetic stirring device, and heated to 60? C.; 73.07 g of hexamethyldisiloxane (0.45 mol) was dropwise added to the three-necked reaction flask by a constant pressure dropping funnel, where lithium hexafluorophosphate, oxalyl chloride and hexamethyldisiloxane had a molar ratio of 1:2.4:4.5; the mixture was fully stirred for reaction, a trimethylfluorosilane gas produced during the reaction was introduced into an alkali solution such as potassium hydroxide solution for absorption, the reaction was completed after 12 h to obtain a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate solution; and [0061] (2) the reaction solution was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, most of the solvent and trimethylchlorosilane were removed, the obtained concentrated solution was added with 300 g of 1,2-dichloroethane for crystallization, and filtered, the product was washed twice with 80 g of 1,2-dichloroethane, and dried at 100? C. for 4 h under a relative vacuum of ?0.08 MPa, and 23.60 g of the product lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (0.0937 mol) was obtained and the yield was 93.7%.

Example 3

[0062] This example provides a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and a method for preparing the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate is as follows: [0063] (1) in a glovebox with nitrogen atmosphere and a moisture content less than 10 ppm, 300 g of methyl ethyl carbonate that was dehydrated to 6 ppm was added to a three-necked reaction flask, and 15.19 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate (0.1 mol) and 27.92 g of oxalyl chloride (0.22 mol) were simultaneously added; the three-necked reaction flask was taken out from the glovebox, placed on a constant temperature magnetic stirring device, and heated to 40? C.; 68.20 g of hexamethyldisiloxane (0.42 mol) was dropwise added to the three-necked reaction flask by a constant pressure dropping funnel, where lithium hexafluorophosphate, oxalyl chloride and hexamethyldisiloxane had a molar ratio of 1:2.2:4.2; the mixture was fully stirred for reaction, a trimethylfluorosilane gas produced during the reaction was introduced into an alkali solution such as potassium hydroxide solution for absorption, the reaction was completed after 8 h to obtain a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate solution; and [0064] (2) the reaction solution was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, most of the solvent and trimethylchlorosilane were removed, the obtained concentrated solution was added with 160 g of dichloromethane for crystallization, and filtered, the product was washed twice with 60 g of dichloromethane, and dried at 70? C. for 7 h under a relative vacuum of ?0.09 MPa, and 23.25 g of the product lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (0.0923 mol) was obtained and the yield was 92.3%.

Example 4

[0065] This example provides a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and a method for preparing the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate is as follows: [0066] (1) in a glovebox with nitrogen atmosphere and a moisture content less than 10 ppm, 250 g of ethyl acetate that was dehydrated to 9 ppm was added to a three-necked reaction flask, and 15.19 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate (0.1 mol) and 25.38 g of oxalyl chloride (0.2 mol) were simultaneously added; the three-necked reaction flask was taken out from the glovebox, placed on a constant temperature magnetic stirring device, and heated to 50? C.; 106.01 g of hexaethyldisiloxane (0.43 mol) was dropwise added to the three-necked reaction flask by a constant pressure dropping funnel, where lithium hexafluorophosphate, oxalyl chloride and hexaethyldisiloxane had a molar ratio of 1:2:4.3; the mixture was stirred thoroughly for reaction, and the reaction was completed after 10 h to obtain a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate solution; and [0067] (2) the reaction solution was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, most of the solvent and triethylfluorosilane liquid and triethylchlorosilane liquid were removed, the obtained concentrated solution was added with 180 g of dichloromethane for crystallization, and filtered, the product was washed twice with 70 g of dichloromethane, and dried at 80? C. for 6 h under a relative vacuum of ?0.09 MPa, and 23.20 g of the product lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (0.0921 mol) was obtained and the yield was 92.1%.

Example 5

[0068] This example provides a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and a method for preparing the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate is as follows: [0069] (1) in a glovebox with nitrogen atmosphere and a moisture content less than 10 ppm, 250 g of dimethyl carbonate that was dehydrated to 5 ppm was added to a three-necked reaction flask, and 15.19 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate (0.1 mol) and 25.38 g of oxalyl chloride (0.2 mol) were simultaneously added; the three-necked reaction flask was taken out from the glovebox, placed on a constant temperature magnetic stirring device, and heated to 50? C.; 81.28 g of dichlorotetramethyldisiloxane (0.4 mol) was dropwise added to the three-necked reaction flask by a constant pressure dropping funnel, where lithium hexafluorophosphate, oxalyl chloride and dichlorotetramethyldisiloxane had a molar ratio of 1:2:4, the mixture was fully stirred for reaction, a dimethylfluorochlorosilane gas produced during the reaction was introduced into an alkali solution such as potassium hydroxide solution for absorption, the reaction was completed after 10 h to obtain a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate solution; and [0070] (2) the reaction solution was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, most of the solvent and dichlorodimethylsilane were removed, the obtained concentrated solution was added with 210 g of dichloromethane for crystallization, and filtered, the product was washed twice with 80 g of dichloromethane, and dried at 90? C. for 5 h under a relative vacuum of ?0.09 MPa, and 23.05 g of the product lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (0.0915 mol) was obtained and the yield was 91.5%.

Example 6

[0071] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (1), an additive amount of the oxalyl chloride was 22.842 g (0.18 mol), and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Example 7

[0072] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (1), an additive amount of the oxalyl chloride was 31.725 g (0.25 mol), and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Example 8

[0073] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (1), an additive amount of the hexamethyldisiloxane was 61.7 g (0.38 mol), and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Example 9

[0074] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (1), an additive amount of the hexamethyldisiloxane was 77.94 g (0.48 mol), and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Example 10

[0075] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (1), a temperature of the reaction was 25? C., and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Example 11

[0076] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (1), a temperature of the reaction was 70? C., and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Example 12

[0077] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (2), 120 g of dichloromethane was added to the obtained concentrated solution for crystallization, and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Example 13

[0078] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (2), a temperature of the drying was 30? C., and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Example 14

[0079] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that in step (2), a temperature of the drying was 130? C., and other conditions and parameters are exactly the same as Example 1.

Comparative Example 1

[0080] This comparative example provides a lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and a method for preparing the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate is as follows: [0081] (1) in a glovebox with nitrogen atmosphere and a moisture content less than 10 ppm, 250.0 g of dimethyl carbonate that was dehydrated to 6 ppm was added to a three-necked reaction flask, 18.02 g of oxalic acid (0.20 mol) was added, and then 32.3 g of hexamethyldisilazane (0.2 mol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min to mix evenly; 50.0 g of dimethyl carbonate that was dehydrated to 6 ppm was added to a flask, 15.2 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate (0.1 mol) was added while stirring so that lithium hexafluorophosphate was fully dissolved, and a lithium hexafluorophosphate solution was prepared; the three-necked reaction flask was taken out from the glovebox, placed on a constant temperature magnetic stirring device, and heated to 60? C., and the lithium hexafluorophosphate solution in the flask was slowly dropwise added to the three-necked reaction flask by a constant pressure dropping funnel, the mixture was fully stirred for reaction, a gas produced during the reaction was introduced into an alkali solution such as potassium hydroxide solution for absorption, the reaction was completed after 6 h; and [0082] (2) the reaction solution was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, most of the solvent was removed, the obtained concentrated solution was added with 150 g of dichloromethane for crystallization, and filtered, the product was washed twice with 50 g of dichloromethane, and dried at 60? C. for 8 h under a relative vacuum of ?0.09 MPa, and 22.43 g of the product lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (0.0890 mol) was obtained and the yield was 89.0%.

Performance Test

[0083] The performances of the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate obtained in Examples 1-14 and Comparative Example 1 were tested. The purity of the product was measured by an ion chromatograph (Type 930, made by Metrohm); the moisture content was measured by a moisture tester (Type 917, made by Metrohm); the acid value was measured by a potentiometric titrator (Type 888, made by Metrohm); the chloride ion content was measured by an ion chromatograph (Type 930, made by Metrohm); the metal impurity ion content was measured by an ICP-OES (Type PQ-9000, Made by Jena, Germany). Test results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Metal Chloride impurity Free ion ion Yield Purity Moisture acid content content (%) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Example 1 91.8 99.95 7.2 7.0 4.8 8.9 Example 2 93.7 99.97 4.5 3.8 2.3 7.6 Example 3 92.3 99.96 6.5 6.2 3.9 6.9 Example 4 92.1 99.95 6.7 5.7 4.2 7.1 Example 5 91.5 99.94 7.5 8.8 4.5 6.5 Example 6 89.8 99.61 9.1 10.6 4.2 10.8 Example 7 91.2 99.73 8.8 22.1 30.2 9.8 Example 8 90.1 99.85 7.9 19.5 25.0 9.2 Example 9 91.3 99.89 9.5 14.8 12.7 9.4 Example 10 89.2 99.78 10.7 11.5 13.9 9.7 Example 11 91.0 99.83 6.1 15.2 10.1 9.5 Example 12 91.4 99.92 5.3 8.5 5.2 9.1 Example 13 91.2 99.55 19.0 20.9 5.4 9.8 Example 14 91.3 99.64 3.8 15.4 16.3 9.0 Comparative 89.0 99.50 9.8 16.5 5.5 12.4 Example 1

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1, it can be seen from Examples 1-14 that the yield of the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate prepared by the method of the present application can be more than or equal to 89.2%, the purity of the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate prepared by the method of the present application can be more than or equal to 99.55%, the moisture content of the product can be less than or equal to 19 ppm, the content of free acid can be less than or equal to 22.1 ppm, and the chloride ion content can be less than or equal to 30.2 ppm, and the metal impurity ion content be less than or equal to 10.8 ppm; by adjusting each component proportion and reaction conditions, the yield of the prepared lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate can be more than or equal to 91.5%, the purity can be more than or equal to 99.94%, the moisture content of the product can less than or equal to 7.5 ppm, the content of free acid can be less than or equal to 8.8 ppm, and the chloride ion content can be less than or equal to 4.8 ppm, and the metal impurity ion content can be less than or equal to 8.9 ppm.

[0085] From the comparison of Example 1 and Examples 6-7, it can be seen that by controlling the ratio of lithium hexafluorophosphate and oxalyl chloride at 1:(2.0-2.4), the yield and purity of the prepared lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate are high; if the ratio is less than 1:2, lithium hexafluorophosphate reacts incompletely, the high price of lithium hexafluorophosphate leads to high preparation cost, and lithium hexafluorophosphate is difficult to remove and may be decomposed to produce impurities; if the ratio is more than 1:2.4, the amount of oxalyl chloride is too much and difficult to remove, affecting the purity of the product.

[0086] From the comparison of Example 1 and Examples 8-9, it can be seen that by controlling the ratio of lithium hexafluorophosphate and siloxane at 1:(4.0-4.5), the yield and purity of the prepared lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate are high; if the ratio is less than 1:4, lithium hexafluorophosphate and oxalyl chloride are excessive, the preparation cost increases and the purity of the product reduces; if the ratio is more than 1:4.5, siloxane is excessive, and the reaction yield does not further increase.

[0087] From the comparison of Example 1 and Examples 10-11, it can be seen that the reaction temperature in step (1) can affect the yield and purity of the prepared lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and by controlling the reaction temperature at 30-60? C., the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate with high yield and purity can be prepared.

[0088] From the comparison of Example 1 and Example 12, it can be seen that the additive amount of the poor solvent can partially affect the yield and purity of the prepared lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and by controlling the mass ratio of the poor solvent to the lithium hexafluorophosphate at (8-30):1, lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate can be crystallized to the maximum extent while stabilizing the cost.

[0089] From the comparison of Example 1 and Examples 13-14, it can be seen that the drying temperature in step (1) can affect the yield and purity of the prepared lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, and by controlling the drying temperature at 40-120? C., the decomposition of lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate can be avoided, and furthermore, residual raw materials, moisture and solvents can be removed.

[0090] From the comparison of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the purity, moisture content, acid value, chloride ion content and metal impurity ion content of the lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate prepared by the method of the present application are better than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0091] In the method for preparing lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate of the present application, oxalyl chloride, lithium hexafluorophosphate and siloxane are used for reaction. Oxalyl chloride has a better reactivity, which is conducive to the reaction; because siloxane can bind strongly to fluorine atoms in lithium hexafluorophosphate, and provide oxygen atoms for the formation of lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate without producing waste gas such as ammonia gas, and three wastes are less.

[0092] The preparation method of the present application has a simple and convenient operation, few reaction step, high conversion rate and little impurity, which avoids the defects of other methods such as complex operation and many impurities, and ensures the purity and quality of the product, and the method can obtain the high-quality and high-purity product, which is suitable for industrial mass production.

[0093] The applicant declares that the above is only the embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any change or replacement that can be easily thought of, within the technical scope disclosed by those skilled in the art of the present application, falls within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present application.