Fabric coloring method and colored fabric

Abstract

The present application provides a fabric coloring method and a colored fabric, where the fabric coloring method includes: performing radiation drying on a base cloth; sequentially forming an adhesive layer and at least one color-generating layer on a surface of the base cloth after the radiation drying by vacuum deposition, where the adhesive layer contains at least one of Ti, Cr, Si and Ni, and a thickness of the adhesive layer ranges from 1 nm to 2000 nm; the color-generating layer contains at least one of Al, Ti, Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, Ag, Au, and Mg, and the total thickness of the color-generating layer ranges from 1 nm to 4000 nm. The fabric coloring method can not only produce rich colors and make the colored fabric have good color fastness, but also reduce the sensitivity of color of the colored fabric to thickness of the film, thus improving the industrial operability.

Claims

1. A fabric coloring method, comprising: performing a radiation drying treatment on a base cloth, wherein the radiation drying treatment is microwave drying with a microwave frequency controlled at 2.45 GHz+25 MHz and a drying temperature is not greater than 200° C.; performing a vacuum heating treatment on the base cloth after the radiation drying treatment, the vacuum heating treatment with a pressure controlled at less than 3.0×10.sup.−3 Pa and a heating temperature controlled at 60° C. to 120° C.; sequentially forming, by magnetron sputtering, an adhesive layer and more than two color-generating layers on a surface of the base cloth after the vacuum heating treatment, wherein the adhesive layer is used to improve adhesion between the surface of the base cloth and the more than two color-generating layers, and compositions of two adjacent color-generating layers are different; changing a color of colored fabric by controlling a composition, a thickness and a setting order of the adhesive layer and of each of the more than two color-generating layers; wherein: the thickness of each of the adhesive layer and the more than two color-generating layers are controlled by controlling a moving speed of the base cloth, a power, a target-to-substrate distance, and a gas flow in the magnetron sputtering; wherein the target-to-substrate distance is controlled as 2 cm to 20 cm; the moving speed of the base cloth is controlled as 0.5 m/min to 5 m/min; a base vacuum is controlled as less than or equal to 4.0×10.sup.−3 Pa; a working vacuum is controlled as less than or equal to 2.0×10.sup.−1 Pa; a power for forming the adhesive layer by the magnetron sputtering is controlled as 800-6300 W; a power for forming the more than two color-generating layers by the magnetron sputtering is controlled as 200-5000 W; a gas flow of Ar for forming the adhesive layer by the magnetron sputtering is controlled as 430-450 sccm; a gas flow of Ar for forming the more than two color-generating layers by the magnetron sputtering is controlled as 430-500 sccm; a composition of the adhesive layer comprises at least one of Ti, Cr, Si and Ni, and a thickness of the adhesive layer ranges from 1 nm to 2000 nm; a composition of each of the more than two color-generating layer comprises at least one of Al, Ti, Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, Ag, Au, and Mg, a thickness of each of the more than two color-generating layers is controlled to be 1 nm to 200 nm, an outermost color-generating layer of the more than two color-generating layers comprises at least one of Ti, Zn, Fe and Cu, and a total thickness of the more than two color-generating layers ranges from more than 2 nm to 4000 nm.

2. The coloring method according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer is an elementary substance layer of Ti, Cr, Si or Ni, or an oxide layer or a nitride layer of Ti, Cr, Si or Ni, or an alloy layer containing at least one of Ti, Cr, Si and Ni.

3. The coloring method according to claim 1, wherein each of the more than two color-generating layers is an elementary substance layer of Al, Ti, Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, Ag, Au or Mg; or each of the more than two color-generating layers is an oxide layer, a nitride layer or a carbide layer of Al, Ti, Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, Ag, Au or Mg; or each of the more than two color-generating layers is an alloy layer containing at least one element of Al, Ti, Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, Ag, Au and Mg.

4. The coloring method according to claim 1, further comprising: performing a pre-treatment on the base cloth, wherein the pre-treatment is a step performed before the radiation drying treatment, and comprises cleaning the base cloth with deionized water, and then performing a preliminary drying treatment to ensure that the surface of the base cloth is clean.

5. A colored fabric, obtained by coloring a base cloth surface through the coloring method according to claim 1.

6. A colored fabric, obtained by coloring a base cloth surface through the coloring method according to claim 2.

7. A colored fabric, obtained by coloring a base cloth surface through the coloring method according to claim 3.

8. A colored fabric, obtained by coloring a base cloth surface through the coloring method according to claim 4.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a light reflection spectrum of the colored fabric provided by Embodiments 1-3 of the present disclosure;

(2) FIG. 2 is a photograph of the surface of the colored fabric provided by Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 3 a photograph of the surface of the colored fabric provided by Comparative Example 1 of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(4) In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

(5) In the following embodiments, the process of coloring the fabric roughly includes: pretreatment (surface cleaning), radiation drying treatment, vacuum heating, vacuum deposition, post-finishing, testing, detection and finished products, where:

(6) specifically, pretreatment is cleaning the base cloth with deionized water, and then performing preliminary drying to ensure that the surface of the base cloth is clean.

(7) Radiation drying, vacuum heating and vacuum deposition are completed on the vacuum deposition production line. According to the sequence of the production process, the production line includes an unwinding chamber, a radiation drying chamber, a vacuum heating chamber, one or more coating chambers (working chambers) and a winding chamber. In addition, the production line also includes a transmission device, which adopts a transmission device used in traditional dyeing and finishing industry, so that the base cloth or colored fabric semi-finished product can reach the winding chamber from the unwinding chamber through the radiation drying chamber, the vacuum heating chamber and the coating chamber one by one.

(8) The rolled base cloth is first subjected to radiation drying treatment to remove moisture and gas in the base cloth, and then passes through a vacuum heating chamber to remove moisture and gas on the surface of the base cloth. After the above two heating treatments, the base cloth has better adhesion with the adhesive layer and the color-generating layer.

(9) According to actual needs, each coating chamber (working chamber) is provided with one or more targets. During the magnetron sputtering process, corresponding films are formed on the surface of the base cloth in sequence according to the target number. For example, there are four types of targets provided in a coating chamber, which are marked as target 1, target 2, target 3 and target 4. In this way, magnetron sputtering can be performed in sequence in the above order to obtain 4 layers of films.

(10) Post-finishing can be reasonably selected according to the actual situation of colored fabrics, mainly for fabrics used in clothing and clothing fabrics. For example, physical finishing is used to achieve its softness. For other kinds of colored fabrics, if there is no special requirement, no post-finishing is required.

(11) After post-finishing, and then a series of subsequent tests and detections on the colored fabric, the whole production process is completed and the final product is obtained.

Embodiment 1

(12) This embodiment provides a fabric coloring method, the base cloth used in which is a polyester-cotton blended fabric and the weaving method is knitting. The specific processing technology of the method is shown in Table 1 below.

(13) After the above processing, the finally obtained colored fabric is uniformly yellow-green, and its reflection spectrum in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2000 nm is shown in FIG. 1.

(14) FIG. 2 is a photograph of the surface of the colored fabric. According to FIG. 2, a very uniform film layer is deposited on the surface of the colored fabric; it can also be observed by naked eyes that a film layer is deposited on the whole surface of the colored fabric, and there is no problem of uneven coloring.

(15) Color fastness test is performed on the colored fabric of this embodiment and the result shows that all color fastnesses, including water fastness (GB/T 5713-2013), perspiration fastness (GB/T 3922-2013), rubbing fastness (GB/T 3920-2008), soaping fastness (GB/T 3921-2008), fry cleaning fastness (GB/T 5711-1997), light fastness (GB/T 8427-2008), have reached Grade 4 or Grade 4-5, which meet the requirements of GB/T 2660-2017 “Shirt” standard for first-class products.

(16) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Cleaning with deionized water to ensure clean surface and then Pretreatment performing preliminary drying Film coloring Radiation drying Microwave frequency 2.45G chamber (Hz) Drying temperature (° C.)  80 Pressure (Pa) 1.01E+05 Vacuum heating Vacuum degree (Pa) 2.40E−03 chamber Drying temperature (° C.)  80 Working Background vacuum (Pa) 3.00E−03 chamber 1 Working vacuum (Pa) 1.80E−02 Target 1 (power W) Ti (6300W) Ar flow (sccm) 450 Working Background vacuum (Pa) 3.80E−03 chamber 2 Working vacuum (Pa) 2.40E−02 Target 1 (power W) Ti-Zn alloy (3500W) Target 2 (power W) Ti-Zn alloy (3500W) Target 3 (power W) Ag (700W) Target 4 (power W) Ti (200W) Ar flow (sccm) 500 Working Background vacuum (Pa) 3.40E−03 chamber 3 Working vacuum (Pa) 1.40E−02 Target 1 (power W) Ti (5000W) Ar flow (sccm) 500 N.sub.2 flow (sccm) 400 Winding Vacuum degree (Pa) 1.80E−02 chamber Vehicle speed (m/min)  3 Post-finishing Softening

Comparative Example 1

(17) This Comparative Example provides a fabric coloring method, and the base cloth used in this Comparative Example is exactly the same as that of Embodiment 1. The only difference between this Comparative Example and Embodiment 1 is that the base cloth is not subjected to microwave drying.

(18) After the above processing, part of the colored fabric finally obtained is yellow green. FIG. 3 is a photograph of the surface of the colored fabric. As can be seen from FIG. 3, part of the colored fabric has no film layer deposited and shows the color of the base cloth itself, and the film layer on the surface of the fabric is uneven.

(19) Color fastness test is performed on the area where the film layer is deposited and the result shows that its color fastness is only Grade 1-2, which does not meet requirements of GB/T 2660-2017 “Shirt” standard for qualified products (Grade 3 is qualified).

(20) It can be seen from Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 1, by performing microwave drying on the base cloth, the film layer deposited on the surface of the base cloth is more uniform and the color fastness is greatly improved.

Embodiment 2

(21) This embodiment provides a fabric coloring method. The base cloth used in this embodiment is polyester and the weaving method is weaving. The specific processing technology of the method is shown in Table 2 below.

(22) After the above processing, the finally obtained colored fabric is brow-red, and its reflection spectrum in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2000 nm is shown in FIG. 1.

(23) Color fastness test is performed on the colored fabric of this embodiment and the result shows that all the color fastnesses, including water fastness (GB/T 5713-2013), perspiration fastness (GB/T 3922-2013), rubbing fastness (GB/T 3920-2008), soaping fastness (GB/T 3921-2008), dry cleaning fastness (GB/T 5711-1997), light fastness (GB/T 8427-2008), have reached Grade 4 or Grade 4-5, which meet the requirements of GB/T 2660-2017 “Shirt” standard for first-class products.

(24) The colored fabric was tested for UV resistance, air permeability, surface water repellency, water permeability, etc., a brown-red fabric obtained by traditional dyeing method was used as a control, and related test items and test results thereof are shown in Table 3 below.

(25) The surface water repellency test is to take three parallel fabric samples for testing, denoted respectively as sample 1 #, sample 2 # and sample 3 #.

(26) According to the test comparison results in Table 3, in terms of UV resistance, water repellency and water resistance, the colored fabric of this embodiment is obviously better than the cloth obtained by the traditional dyeing method; while in terms of air permeability and moisture permeability, test results of the two are substantially equivalent.

(27) Therefore, the coloring method of this embodiment does not affect the air permeability and moisture permeability of the final colored fabric, but makes the colored fabric have more unique performances instead, such as UV resistance, water repellency and water resistance.

(28) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Cleaning with deionized water to ensure clean surface and then performing Pretreatment preliminary drying Film layer Radiation drying Microwave frequency (Hz) 2.45G coloring chamber Drying temperature (° C.) 120 Pressure (Pa) 1.01E+05 Vacuum heating Vacuum degree (Pa) 2.40E−03 chamber Drying temperature (° C.) 120 Film layer Working chamber 1 Background vacuum (Pa) 3.80E−03 coloring Working vacuum (Pa) 1.80E−01 Target (power W) Ti (800W) Ar flow (sccm) 430 O.sub.2 flow (sccm) 350 Working chamber 2 Background vacuum (Pa)  4.0E−03 Working vacuum (Pa)  1.7E−01 Target 1 (power W) Cu-Zn alloy (2500W) Target 2 (power W) Cu (800W) Ar flow (sccm) 500 Working chamber 3 Background vacuum (Pa) 1.20E−03 Working vacuum (Pa)  1.0E−01 Target 1 (power W) Cu (1800W) Ar flow (sccm) 430 O.sub.2 flow (sccm) 250 Working chamber 4 Background vacuum (Pa) 1.40E−03 Working vacuum (Pa) 1.40E−01 Target 1 (power W) Ti (5000W) Ar flow (sccm) 500 N.sub.2 flow (sccm) 400 Winding chamber Vacuum degree (Pa) 1.80E−02 Vehicle speed (m/min) 1 Post-finishing Softening

(29) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Test items Test results The colored Before cleaning UV protection factor (UPF) >50 fabric of this Before cleaning UV transmittance, T(UVB)AV 0.1 % embodiment Before cleaning UV transmittance, T(UVA)AV 0.52 % Before cleaning UV protection factor, UPF(AV) 658.21 Air permeability 37.01 mm/s Surface water Sample 1# 4-5 Grade repellency Surface water Sample 2# 4-5 Grade repellency Surface water Sample 3# 4-5 Grade repellency Hydrostatic 2.5 kPa pressure Moisture Moisture permeability Degree 0.048 g/(m.sup.2 .Math. Pa .Math. h) permeability Moisture Moisture permeability rate 3.82E+03 g/( m.sup.2 * 24 h) permeability Moisture Moisture permeability 1.50E−11 g .Math. cm/(cm.sup.2 .Math. s .Math. Pa) permeability coefficient Comparative Before cleaning UV protection factor (UPF) 45 fabric Before cleaning UV transmittance, T(UVB)AV 0.62 % Before cleaning UV transmittance, T(UVA)AV 13.81 % Before cleaning UV protection factor, UPF(AV) 46.01 Air permeability 35.01 mm/s Surface water Sample 1# 0 Grade repellency Surface water Sample 2# 0 Grade repellency Surface water Sample 3# 0 Grade repellency Hydrostatic 0 kPa pressure Moisture Moisture permeability Degree 0.0455 g/(m.sup.2 .Math. Pa .Math. h) permeability Moisture Moisture permeability rate 3.62E+03 g/( m.sup.2 * 24 h) permeability Moisture Moisture permeability 1.40E−11 g .Math. cm/(cm.sup.2 .Math. s .Math. Pa) permeability coefficient

Embodiment 3

(30) This embodiment provides a fabric coloring method. The base cloth used in this embodiment is glass fiber and the weaving method is weaving. The specific processing technology is shown in Table 4 below:

(31) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Cleaning with deionized water to ensure clean surface and then Pretreatment performing preliminary drying Film layer Radiation drying Microwave frequency 2.45G coloring chamber (Hz) Drying temperature (° C.) 120 Pressure (Pa) 1.01E+05 Vacuum heating Vacuum degree (Pa) 2.70E−03 chamber Drying temperature (° C.)  70 Background vacuum (Pa) 3.20E−03 Working Working vacuum (Pa) 1.0E−02 chamber 1 Target 1 (power W) 316 Stainless steel (2500W) Ar flow (sccm) 450 Working Background vacuum (Pa) 3.80E−03 chamber 2 Working vacuum (Pa) 2.40E−02 Target 1 (power W) Mg (500W) Target 2 (power W) Al (300W) Target 3 (power W) Cu (1000W) Ar flow (sccm) 500 Film coloring Working Background vacuum (Pa) 1.40E−03 chamber 3 Working vacuum (Pa) 1.20E−01 Target 1 (power W) Cu (1000W) Target 2 (power W) Ti (800W) Ar flow (sccm) 500 N.sub.2 flow (sccm) 400 Winding Vacuum degree (Pa) 1.50E−01 chamber Vehicle speed (m/min)  2 Post-finishing NO

(32) After the above processing, the finally obtained colored fabric is blue-green, and its reflection spectrum in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2000 nm is shown in FIG. 1.

(33) Color fastness test is performed on the colored fabric of this embodiment and the result shows that all the color fastnesses, including water fastness (GB/T 5713-2013), perspiration fastness (GB/T 3922-2013), rubbing fastness (GB/T 3920-2008), soaping fastness (GB/T 3921-2008), dry cleaning fastness (GB/T 5711-1997), light fastness (GB/T 8427-2008), have reached Grade 4 or Grade 4-5, which meet the requirements of GB/T 2660-2017 “Shirt” standard for first-class products.

(34) A series of anti-static performance tests on the colored fabric are performed and two kinds of fabrics are also provided for comparison. The white woven fabric (glass fiber) is used as the comparative fabric 1. The difference between the processing technology of the comparative fabric 2 and the above glass fiber is that the base cloth is not subjected to microwave drying.

(35) The related test items and test results of the above three fabrics are shown in Table 5 below.

(36) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Test items Test results Colored Frictional electrification The final value of  30 V fabric in this voltage the front embodiment Frictional electrification The final value of  219 V voltage the reverse Surface resistivity Final value 7.10E+09 Ω Comparative Frictional electrification The final value of  400 V fabric 1 voltage the front Frictional electrification The final value of  942 V voltage the reverse Surface resistivity Final value 6.50E+11 Ω Comparative Frictional electrification The final value of 7299 V fabric 2 voltage the front Frictional electrification The final value of 8222 V voltage the reverse Surface resistivity Final value 8.70E+13 Ω

(37) According to the test results in Table 5, the frictional electrification voltage and surface resistivity of the colored fabric obtained in this embodiment are significantly lower than those of the comparative fabrics. It can be seen that the colored fabric obtained by adopting the coloring method of this embodiment has very outstanding antistatic performance.

(38) It can also be observed with the naked eyes that the film layer deposited on the surface of the colored fabric obtained in this embodiment is very uniform, and the color is relatively uniform; however, there is no film layer deposition in some areas of the comparative fabric 2, and the color difference of different areas is more obvious.

(39) Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereon. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure.