Pressure and impact resistant sectional door

Abstract

Disclosed is a sectional door adapted to withstand high wind load and impact from flying debris. The door includes a glazing bead to secure glazing panels into frames formed by the rails and stiles of the door. The bead is connected with the frame by engagement between extensions on the bead and respective lips along the edges of the frame. The bead is pressed against the frame, causing the extension to elastically flex to allow the extensions to fit between the lips. The extensions are received in gaps formed by the lips to secure the bead in place on the frame. Force on the door cause by high winds is communicated from the glazing panel through the bead and to the frame. The door also includes reinforcements arranged along the rails to communicate forces, such as high wind load forces, from the frame to the edges of the doorway surrounding the door. The reinforcements include endcaps that increase stiffness of the rails to prevent the rails from buckling during severe weather events.

Claims

1. A door comprising: a plurality of rails; a plurality of stiles, wherein the stiles connect adjacent ones of the rails to form a frame; a glazing panel fitted within the frame, wherein the panel comprises an inward facing surface and an outward facing surface; and a glazing bead connected with the frame, wherein the glazing bead secures the panel in the frame, wherein the frame comprises: a stop along a perimeter of the frame at an outward side of the frame, wherein the outward facing surface of the glazing panel is in contact with an inward facing surface of the stop; a first lip along the perimeter of the frame, the first lip positioned inward from the stop; and a second lip along the perimeter of the frame, the second lip positioned inward from the first lip, wherein the glazing bead comprises: a glazing bead body; an abutment at an outermost end of the body, wherein the abutment is positioned in contact with the inward facing surface of the panel and wherein the glazing panel is secured in the frame by contact with the stop and the abutment; a first engagement extension extending from the body and engaging with the first lip; and a second engagement extension extending from the body and engaging with the second lip, wherein an inward facing surface of the second engagement extension abuts an outward facing surface of the second lip, wherein inwardly directed force on the glazing panel is communicated to the body by contact with the abutment, wherein the inwardly directed force is communicated to the frame by the second engagement extension in contact with the second lip.

2. The door of claim 1, wherein the glazing panel comprises a notch on the inward facing surface of the panel along a perimeter of the panel, and wherein the glazing bead body comprises a notch engaging arm, and wherein the arm extends from the body and engages in the notch.

3. The door of claim 1, wherein the first engagement extension contacts an inward-facing surface of the first lip and wherein engagement of the first engagement extension with the first lip and engagement of the second engagement extension with the second lip secures the glazing bead with the frame.

4. The door of claim 3, wherein the first engagement extension comprises a resilient portion and wherein deflection of the resilient portion forces the first engagement extension against the first lip and forces the second engagement extension against the second lip.

5. The door of claim 1, wherein the frame further comprises a first gap formed by the first lip and a second gap formed by the second lip, wherein the first engagement extension is received in the first gap and wherein the second engagement extension is received in the second gap.

6. The door of claim 1, wherein a force applied to the panel in the outward direction is communicated from the panel to the frame by contact of the panel with the stop.

7. The door of claim 1, further comprising one or more reinforcements connected, respectively, with one or more of the rails, wherein the reinforcement extends parallel with the rail across at least a portion of a width of the door, wherein the reinforcement comprises an endcap.

8. The door of claim 7, wherein a plurality of flanges along an inward-facing edge of the reinforcement engage with a respective plurality of gaps along an outward-facing edge of the endcap.

9. The door of claim 8, further comprising two pulleys, the pulleys arranged at opposite ends of at least one of the plurality of rails; two tracks, the tracks arranged along opposite edges of a doorway, wherein the pulleys at ends of the at least one rail engage with respective ones of the tracks to connect the edges of the door with the doorway, wherein an inward force exerted on the glazing panel is communicated to the frame by the glazing bead, wherein the inward force is communicated from the frame to the rails, wherein the inward force is communicated from the rails to the tracks, and wherein the reinforcement and endcap resist deflection of the door by the inward force.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) A more complete appreciation of the disclosure and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a elevational view of a sectional door according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a sectional door with glazing panels secured to the frame of the door with glazing beads according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

(4) FIG. 3 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a glazing bead and door frame according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

(5) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the glazing bead and door frame of FIG. 3, with the bead readied for installation onto the frame;

(6) FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of a sectional door including the bead and door frame of FIG. 3;

(7) FIGS. 6A-F are cross sectional views of glazing beads according to additional embodiments of the disclosure;

(8) FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of a sectional door with a reinforcement and endcap according to a further embodiment of the disclosure;

(9) FIG. 8 is an elevation view of a sectional door including the reinforcement and endcap of FIG. 7;

(10) FIGS. 9A and 9B are cross-sectional views of the reinforcement and endcap, respectively, of FIG. 7;

(11) FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the reinforcement of FIG. 7 being connected with a sectional door; and

(12) FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are perspective views showing the connection of the endcap and reinforcement of FIG. 7 with one another.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(13) As discussed above, components of buildings must generally comply with local building codes. In regions of the world where high-wind events such as hurricanes are more frequent, building codes often require that structures be able to withstand forces expected during such events. Structures such as sectional doors may be required to withstand specified minimum forces exerted by wind or by pressure differentials between the interior and exterior of the building to meet the code. For example, a door may be required to withstand a certain number of pounds per square foot (PSF). The actual force exerted on the door will depend on the area of the door panel. Thus, the strength of the door may set a limit on the area of the door.

(14) For purposes of the disclosure, the terms “distal,” “outward,” “outward-facing” and “in an outward direction” refer to the direction from the interior of the building through the door toward the exterior of the building. The terms “proximal,” “inward,” “inward-facing,” and “in an inward direction” refer to the direction from the exterior of the building through the door toward the interior of the building.

(15) FIG. 1 shows a sectional door 100 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The door is formed from four sections 10, each running across the width of the door. A greater or fewer number of sections 10 can be use within the scope of the disclosure. Sections 10 are connected with one another by a plurality of hinges 12. The hinged connections allow the door 100 to bend so that it can be raised along tracks 14 on either edge of the door. An electric motor and control mechanism may be provided to raise and lower the door to open and close a doorway.

(16) Each section 10 is formed by a top rail 4a and a bottom rail 4b. Rails 4a, 4b include one or more pulleys at their ends. These pulleys engage with tracks 14 to allow the door to be moved up and down.

(17) Stiles 2 run vertically between the top 4a and bottom 4b rail on each section 10 of the door. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, each section 10 includes five stiles 2, one along each side of the door and three stiles intermediate the end stiles. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 this creates four openings on each section that hold glazing panels 6. Doors with a greater or fewer number of stiles, and hence with a greater or fewer number of openings holding glazing panels, can be provided within the scope of the disclosure. As will be discussed below, embodiments of the disclosure provide a glazing bead that transfers force exerted on glazing panels forming the door to the rails and that provided sufficient strength to the rails to transfer the exerted force to the walls surrounding the door 100 during severe weather events.

(18) FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a portion of door section 10. Glazing panel 6 is supported by bottom rail 4b and stile 2. Glazing panel may be clear, translucent or opaque. According to some embodiments, panel 6 is formed from a clear, high-impact polymer such as polycarbonate.

(19) For clarity of the description, the terms “frameward,” “frame-facing,” and “in a frameward direction” refer to the direction along the face of glazing panel 6 toward the frame formed by rails 4a, 4b, and stiles 2 surrounding the panel. The terms “panelward,” “panel-facing,” and “in a panelward direction” refer to the direction along the face of the glazing panel away from the frame surrounding the panel and toward the center of the panel.

(20) FIG. 3 shows a detailed cross section of the engagement of panel 6 with bottom rail 4b using glazing bead 20 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. This same engagement is formed between panel 6 and the other components of section 10 that frame the opening holding panel 6, that is, the connections with top rail 4a at the top of the panel and stiles 2 on either side of the panel. These other components include the same structures as those described with respect to rail 4b. For the sake of brevity, embodiments of the disclosure will be described with respect to bottom rail 4b only.

(21) Stop 41 is provided distal of glazing panel 6 near the outward face of rail 4b. According to this embodiment, stop 41 includes a sloped sill 41a outward from panel 6. The inward-facing part of stop 41 forms a sealing surface 41b. A seal 42 is provided against the sealing surface 41b. Seal 42 may a semi-solid material, such as glazer's putty or an elastomeric material such as foam glazer's tape. According to some embodiments, seal 42 is provided with pressure sensitive adhesive so that it can be easily fixed to sealing surface 41b as the door 100 is assembled. The outward facing surface of panel 6 contacts seal 42. Where seal 42 includes a contact adhesive on the side facing panel 6, this may simplify assembling the door by adhering panel in place while bead 20 is installed, as will be explained below.

(22) A support surface 43 may be provided on rail 4b. Support surface 43 is spaced away from the edge of panel 6. In some embodiments, the edge of panel 6 is in contact with surface 43.

(23) First engaging lip 44 and first receiving section 44a are located on rail 4b inward from (that is, proximal of) panel 6 and surface 43. First lip 44 slopes upward in the panelward direction from surface 43 and is spaced apart from first receiving section 44a by a first gap 44b. Intermediate lip 46 and intermediate receiving section 46a are located on rail 4b inward from (that is, proximal of) first lip 44 and first receiving section 44a is. Intermediate lip 46 slopes upward and away from rail 4b in the panelward direction. Second engaging lip 45 is provided toward the inward edge of rail 4b distal of intermediate lip 46. Second engaging lip 45 extends in the outward direction above intermediate receiving section 46a. A second gap 45b is provided between second lip and intermediate receiving section 46a.

(24) Glazing bead 20 fixes glazing panel 6 with rail 4b. Body 23 of bead 20 extends along major axis 50. Panel engaging arm 22 of bead 20 extends in the panelward direction at a shallow angle with respect to axis 50. Panel engaging bar 21 is provided at the outward (distal) end of arm 22. Bar 21 fits into notch 6a of panel 6. Abutment 27 is positioned at the outward (distal) end of body 23 along major axis 50. Abutment 27 presses against the inward facing surface of panel 6. According to one embodiment, pressure of abutment 27 against panel 6 presses the panel against seal 42 and against sealing surface 41b of stop 41 to provide a weather-tight seal between rail 4b and panel 6.

(25) First engagement extension 24 extends in the frameward direction from body 23 toward rail 4b. Extension 24 extends into first gap 44b and engages with the inward-facing surface of first lip 44. Second engagement extension 25 extends frameward from body 23 toward rail 4b and is positioned towards the inward-most (proximal) end of bead 20. Second extension 25 engages with second lip 45 and extends into the second gap 45b formed between second lip 45 and intermediate receiving section 46a.

(26) According to some embodiments, first extension 24 resiliently deforms when bead 20 is engaged with rail 4b. Extension 24 may have a resilient portion 24b with curved or hook-shaped cross section to facilitate this resilient engagement. In some embodiments, the spring tension created as a result of this deformation presses first extension 24 in the outward direction so that first extension 24 is held in first gap 44b between first lip 44 and first receiving section 44a. The spring tension presses second extension 25 in the inward (proximal) direction so that second extension 25 is held in second gap 45b between second lip 45 and intermediate receiving section 46a. This arrangement holds bead 20 onto rail 4b and keeps abutment 27 pressed against panel 6.

(27) Intermediate extension 26 on bead 20 extends from body 23 toward rail 4b. When bead 20 is engaged with rail 4b, intermediate extension 46 contacts intermediate receiving section 46a. Likewise, intermediate lip 46 extends panelward from rail 4b and may contact the bottom surface of body 23. Contact between the intermediate extension 26 and rail 4b and/or between the intermediate lip 46 and body 23 keep body 23 positioned so that major axis 50 of bead is perpendicular to the face of panel 6.

(28) In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, force applied on the inside surface of panel 6 in the outward direction, for example, because door 100 is on the leeward side of the building during a storm event and experiences a suction force, will tend to drive panel 6 outward. Sealing surface 41b of stop 41 and seal 42 abutting the outer surface of panel 6 prevent the panel from blowing outward due to suction force. The force on panel 6 is transferred to rail 4b, and the other components of section 10 forming the frame around panel 6, i.e., top rail 4a and stiles 2.

(29) Pressure on panel 6 directed inward, for example, when the door 100 is on the windward side of a building, as well as the force that panel may experience due to impact from wind-borne objects on the outside of the panel 6 are communicated to bottom rail 4b (as well as top rail 4a and stiles 2) by bead 20. Abutment 27 absorbs force directly inward along major axis 50. This force drives body 23 inward, pressing second extension 25 against second lip 45. Because both abutment 27 and extension 25 are along, or are very close to, major axis 50, this inward force is communicated from panel 6 to door section 10 and then to the tracks 14 along the wall of the building. Because the inwardly directed force is primarily along axis 50, very little torque is applied to bead 20. This reduces the tendence for bead 20 to be pulled away from rail 4b (and top rail 4a, and stiles 2 forming the door frame) during a storm event.

(30) The edge of panel 6 is fixed by abutment 27 and sealing surface 41b of stop 41. Force applied to panel 6 in either the inward or outward direction may cause panel 6 to bow. Bowing of the panel 6 rotates the edge of panel 6 with respect to the fixed region created by the abutment 27 and stop 41b. This rotation will tend to pull the lower edge of notch 6a away from the frame (upward in the view of FIG. 3). Bar 21 engages with the frameward edge of notch 6a to limit how far the notched edge of the panel 6 can move away from the frame. This arrangement resists movement of the edges of panel 6 away from the frame in the frameward direction when the panel 6 bows in response to applied force. Panelward force communicated to bead 20 by arm 21 is resisted by engagement of first engagement extension 24 and first lip 44. Again, force exerted on panel 6 by a storm event is communicated from panel 6 to rail 4b (and likewise, rail 4a and stiles 2).

(31) Embodiments of the disclosure are described with a glazing bead provided on the inward-facing side of the glazing panel. The disclosure is not limited to this arrangement and is also applicable to providing the glazing bead on the outward-facing surface of the glazing panel.

(32) FIG. 4 shows bead 20 as it is being connected with rail 4b. Panel 6 has been placed against seal 42 along sealing surface 41b. According to some embodiments, seal 42 has a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating that temporarily holds panel 6 in the frame until the bead 20 can be installed. Bead 20 is positioned so that first extension 24 rests against the top of first lip 44. According to some embodiments. ramp 24a is provided at the end of extension 24 in contact with first lip 44 to facilitate the movement of extension 24 past the edge of lip 44. Second extension 25 rests against the top (i.e., panelward edge) of second lip 45. According to one embodiment, second extension 25 is provided with curved surface 25a that contacts the edge of lip 45 and facilitates the movement of second extension 25 past the edge of second lip 45. Distal end of arm 22 is inserted in notch 6a of panel 6.

(33) While the bead 20 is positioned as shown in FIG. 4, downward pressure, F, is applied to bead 20 in the frameward direction. This forces ramp 24a against first lip 44, causing extension 24 to flex away from lip 44. Surface 25a riding on the edge of lip 45 moves bead 20 in the outward direction. Once the point of contact between surface 25a and lip 45 passes the inward-most extension of surface 25a and once ramp 24a passes below the panelward end of first lip 44, the rebound of first extension 24 engages first extension 24 into the first gap 44b below first lip 44 and engages second extension 25 into the second gap 45b below second lip 45. Bead 20 is thus, secured with rail 4b by a snap-fit engagement. In this embodiment, no additional fasteners are required to secure panel 6 with rail 4b. This may allow door section 10 to be assembled more quickly than one using known glazing beads.

(34) According to other embodiments, in addition to the resilient engagement between bead 20 and rail 4a, 4b and stile 2, additional fasteners may be provided to connect the bead to the rail or stile. For example, a fastener could be inserted through body 23 into rail 4b. According to one embodiment, notch 23a is provided in body 23 to guide the insertion of fasteners, such as self-tapping screws.

(35) According to other embodiments, in addition to, or instead of fasteners connecting bead 20 with rails 4a, 4b and stiles 2, an adhesive is provided. According to one embodiment, a portion of adhesive is applied at one or more locations along each of the rails 4a, 4b, and stiles 2 surrounding panel 6. According to one embodiment, portions of adhesive are applied on the proximal sides of first lip 44 and intermediate lip 46. According to this embodiment, when bead 20 is installed, as shown in FIG. 3, the adhesive bonds first extension 24 with first lip 44 and bonds intermediate extension 26 with intermediate lip 46. According to a preferred embodiment, approximately 2-inch long portions of adhesive are applied to each of the rails 4a, 4b and stiles 2 near where the rails and stiles meet, that is, near the corners of panel 6 and at locations approximately central between the where the rails and stiles meet. The adhesive is may be any suitable adhesive that effectively bonds the materials forming the bead with the materials forming the rails and stiles. According to one embodiment, the adhesive is LOCTITE™ AA H8000.

(36) Glazing bead 20 may be formed as an extrusion, with a continuous length cut to size to fit along rails 4a, 4b, and stiles 2. Glazing bead 20 may be formed from a metal, such as aluminum or a polymer such as high-density polyethylene.

(37) FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a portion of door 100. In this view, two panels 6 are held within frames partially formed by rail 4b and stiles 2. Glazing beads 20 are connected with the rail and the stile, as described above. Ends of the beads 20 are mitered so that beads 20 connected with the stiles 2 join with beads 20 connected with rails 4a, 4b so that a tight joint 20a is formed at the corners of the panels 6.

(38) FIGS. 6A-6F show other embodiments of bead 20 according to the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6A, bead 20 includes a body 23 arranged along an axis 50. For each of the embodiments of FIGS. 6A-6F, first engaging extension 24, intermediate extension 26, and second engaging extension 25 extend from one side of body 23 and are adapted to engage with frame 4a, 4b and stiles 2 as discussed in previous embodiments.

(39) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A, abutment 27 is joined with panel engaging arm 22 near panel engaging bar 21. Extending abutment 27 creates a larger abutting surface in contact with panel 6 as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 3 to distribute inwardly directed forces caused, for example, by objects impacting the panel during a storm event. The connection between bar 21 and abutment 27 may also stiffen engaging arm 22 to resist wind loads that may cause panel 6 to bow inward or outward by communicating panelward forces through abutment 27 to body 23 and then to the frame and stiles.

(40) FIG. 6B shows an alternative embodiment of bead 20 where abutment 27 is thicker than the abutment in FIG. 6A. A thicker abutment 27 may increase the strength of the bead. The embodiments of FIGS. 6A and 6B include a hollow space between abutment 27, engaging arm 22, and body 23. This hollow space reduces the amount of material needed to form the bead, potentially reducing manufacturing costs.

(41) FIG. 6C shows yet another embodiment of bead 20. Here abutment 27 and arm 22 are formed as a solid structure at the distal end of body 23. Such an embodiment may further increase the strength of bead 20 to resist forces exerted by notch 6a in the panelward direction when the panel is subject to forces that cause the panel to bow outward or inward.

(42) FIG. 6D shows yet another embodiment of bead 20. Instead of having a body 23 that extends continuously along axis 50, in this embodiment segment 23a joins abutment 27 with first extension 24. Segment 23a is separated from body 23 by a gap. Abutment 27 connects with engaging bar 21 and engaging arm 22. In this embodiment, force exerted by notch 6a in the panelward direction is communicated from bar 21, through abutment 27 and segment 23a to first extension 24, which engages the first lip 44 on the frame and stiles. The gap leads to an open channel between arm 22 and abutment 27. This open channel reduces the amount of material needed to form the bead 20, potentially reducing manufacturing costs.

(43) FIGS. 6E and 6F show additional embodiment of bead 20. These embodiments are similar to the ones discussed with respect to FIG. 3. Engaging bar 21 is connected with body 23 by engaging arm 22. Abutment 27 is provided at the distal end of body 23. In the embodiments of FIGS. 6E and 6F, abutment 27 is extended from body 23 farther than in the embodiment of FIG. 3, creating a larger contacting surface between abutment 27 and panel 6 to distribute inwardly directed loads from the panel to bead 20 and to the frame and stiles. In the embodiment of FIG. 6E, an additional abutment 27a extends from engaging arm 22 and provides additional surface area to distribute inwardly directed loads.

(44) FIGS. 7 and 8 show, respectively, a perspective view and an elevation view of another embodiment according to the disclosure. Door section 10 is provided with reinforcement 62. Reinforcement 62 is connected with one or more of rails 4a, 4b. Endcap 64 is connected with the inward-most (proximal) end of reinforcement 62. Brackets 66 connect endcap 64 with stiles 2. According to one embodiment, one or more fasteners 66a are provide at the ends of bracket 66 to connect the bracket with endcap 64 and stile 2. According to other embodiments, bracket 66 is connected with endcap 64 and stiles 2 by welding or other attachment method known to those of skill in the field of the invention.

(45) FIG. 9A shows a cross section of reinforcement 62. Reinforcement 62 is formed by root 61. As will be explained below, root 61 connects reinforcement 62 with a rail 4a, 4b of door 100. Reinforcement body 63 extends from root 61. According to one embodiment, body 63 extends perpendicularly from root 61. End flanges 69a and 69b extend perpendicularly from body 63 and are spaced apart from one another by a gap. In this embodiment, two end flanges 69a, 69b are shown, but a greater or fewer number of flanges could be provided within the scope of the disclosure. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, intermediate flange 65 is provided on body 63 between root 61 and end flange 69b.

(46) FIG. 9B shows a cross section of endcap 64. Connection portion 68 is provided along one edge of endcap 64. Connection portion 68 includes a plurality of gaps 68a, 68b that extend along the length of endcap 64. Gaps 68a, 68b are sized and positioned to correspond with the size and spacing of end flanges 69a, 69b on reinforcement 62.

(47) FIG. 10 shows the attachment of reinforcement 62 with panel 10 of door 100. Reinforcement 62 is aligned with rail 4a, 4b. According to one embodiment, hinges 12 are provided along the edges of panel 10 aligned with stiles 2. The hinges 12 connect a plurality of panels 10 with one another to form door 100, as shown in FIG. 1. According to this embodiment reinforcement 62 includes notches 12a that align with hinges 12 to provide clearance between the hinges and the reinforcement. A plurality of fasteners, such as self-tapping screws, are driven through root 61 of reinforcement 62 and into rail 4a, 4b to join the reinforcement with the rail.

(48) FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C show steps for connecting endcap 64 with reinforcement 62. As shown in FIG. 11A, reinforcement 62 is connected with rail 4a, 4b and endcap 64 is position parallel with reinforcement 62. As shown in FIG. 11B, end flanges 69a, 69b are aligned with gaps 68a, 68b of endcap 64. Endcap 64 slides onto reinforcement 62 with end flanges 69a, 69b engaged with gaps 68a, 68b. FIG. 11C shows reinforcement 62 fully engaged with endcap 64.

(49) As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, once reinforcements 62 are connected with the rails 4a, 4b of door panel 10 and endcap 64 is engaged with reinforcement 62, brackets 66 are provided. According to one embodiment, the top end of bracket 66 is connected with the underside of endcap 64 by a fastener, such as a self-tapping screw 66a. The screw is driven through the top end of the bracket 66, through the wall of endcap 64, and into the body 63 of reinforcement 62 between end flanges 69a, 69b. According to this embodiment, fasteners 66a serve to connect the bracket 66 with the endcap 64 and reinforcement 62 and also to fix the endcap and reinforcement with one another. Bottom end of bracket 66 is connected with stile 2 of door section 10 using, for example, a self-tapping screw. Bracket 66 provides support for reinforcement 62 and endcap 64.

(50) According to one embodiment, reinforcement 62 increases the stiffness of rails 4a, 4b by increasing the mechanical moment of inertia of the rail where force is applied against the face door 100, for example, during a storm event when wind forces drive the door in the inward and outward direction. Endcap 64 further increases this moment of inertia, and hence, the stiffness of the door panel. The stiffened rails 4a, 4b transfer the force applied to the glazing panels to the tracks 14 connected with the walls surrounding the doorway.

(51) While illustrative embodiments of the disclosure have been described and illustrated above, it should be understood that these are exemplary of the disclosure and are not to be considered as limiting. Additions, deletions, substitutions, and other modifications can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the disclosure is not to be considered as limited by the foregoing description.