CONTROL OF ONU ACTIVATION IN HIGH BIT RATE PONs

Abstract

A method and apparatus is proposed for performing the ONU activation process in a PON having a standard line rate of 50 G or higher. The method and apparatus are based upon having the OLT instruct any activating ONUs to transmit at a line rate that is less than 50 G, which allows for an OLT receiver without any particular equalization configuration to accurately recover the upstream burst-mode transmissions from the activating ONUs. Once the activation process is completed, the OLT may instruct the new ONUs to reset their transmitters to operate at the higher line rate of the PON. Alternatively, at the end of the activation process, the new ONUs may be configured to automatically reset their transmitters to higher line rate.

Claims

1. An apparatus, for use by an optical line terminal (OLT) in a passive optical network (PON) and communicatively connected to one or more high-rate optical network units (ONUs) operating at a predefined high upstream line rate, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory including instructions; at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform an ONU activation process including: recovering burst-mode upstream activation messages from a new high-rate ONU, the activation messages transmitted at a reduced upstream line rate less than the predefined high upstream line rate; generating, in response to the recovered burst-mode activation messages n, specific ONU operating parameters; and transmitting the specific ONU operating parameters to the new high-rate ONU.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform, subsequent to a completion of the ONU activation process, instructing the new high-rate ONU to switch its transmission rate to the predefined high upstream line rate.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein subsequent to the ONU activation process, the new high-rate ONU automatically switches its transmitter to operate at the predefined high upstream line rate.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the predefined high upstream line rate is at least 50 G and the reduced line rate is no greater than 25 G.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein during the process of generating specific ONU operating parameters, the apparatus is caused to perform: transmitting a ranging request message to the new high-rate ONU; measuring, in response to a recovered burst-mode reduced line rate registration message, a round-trip delay measurement; computing an equalization delay for the new high-rate ONU from the measured round-trip delay measurement; and transmitting the computed equalization delay to the new high-rate ONU for use in adjusting its upstream frame clock.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the specific ONU operating parameters include a unique ID associated with the new high-rate ONU and a specific equalization delay calculated for the new high-rate ONU.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform, prior to recovering upstream activation messages, instructing the one or more high-rate ONUs to transmit the activation messages at a selected upstream line rate less than the predefined high upstream line rate.

8. A method, for use by an optical line terminal (OLT) communicatively connected to a plurality of ONUs within a passive optical network (PON), with one or more high-rate ONUs operating at a predefined high upstream line rate, comprising: during an ONU activation process, recovering burst-mode upstream activation messages from a new high-rate ONU, the activation messages transmitted at a reduced upstream line rate less than the predefined high upstream line rate; generating, in response to the recovered burst-mode activation messages, specific ONU operating parameters; and transmitting the specific ONU operating parameters to the new high-rate ONU.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein subsequent to a completion of the ONU activation process the method further includes the step of: instructing the new high-rate ONU to switch its transmission rate to the predefined high upstream line rate.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the predefined high upstream line rate is at least 50 G and the reduced line rate is no greater than 25 G.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the step of generating specific ONU operating parameters comprises: transmitting a ranging request message to the new high-rate ONU; measuring, in response to a recovered burst-mode reduced line rate registration message, a round-trip delay measurement; computing an equalization delay for the new high-rate ONU from the measured round-trip delay measurement; and transmitting the computed equalization delay to the new high-rate ONU for use in adjusting its upstream frame clock.

12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform, prior to recovering upstream activation messages, instructing the one or more high-rate ONUs to transmit the activation messages at a selected upstream line rate less than the predefined high upstream line rate.

13. An apparatus, for use by an ONU operating at a predefined upstream line rate in a passive optical network (PON), the ONU communicatively connected to an OLT, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory including instructions; at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform an ONU activation process including: transmitting burst-mode upstream activation messages to the OLT at a reduced line rate less than the predefined upstream line rate; receiving specific ONU operating parameters from the OLT in response to the upstream activation messages; and upon completion of the activation process, switching the burst-mode upstream transmission rate to the predefined upstream line rate.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein in performing the switching, the apparatus is further caused to perform, responding to an update line rate instruction from the OLT to switch its transmission rate to the predefined high upstream line rate.

15. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein in performing the switching, the new high-rate ONU automatically switches its transmitter to operate at the predefined high upstream line rate.

16. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the predefined high upstream line rate is at least 50 G and the reduced line rate is no greater than 25 G.

17. A method, for use by high-rate ONUs communicatively connected to an OLT in a PON, comprising: during an activation process at a new high-rate ONU, transmitting burst-mode upstream activation messages to the OLT at a reduced line rate less than a predefined upstream line rate associated with the high-rate ONUs; receiving specific ONU operating parameters from the OLT in response to the upstream activation messages; and upon completion of the activation process, switching the burst-mode upstream transmission rate to the predefined upstream line rate.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the switching step includes responding to an update line rate instruction from the OLT to switch its transmission rate to the predefined upstream line rate.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the switching step automatically commences at the completion of the activation process.

20. The method according to claim 817 wherein the predefined upstream line rate is at least 50 G and the reduced line rate is no greater than 25 G.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Referring now to the drawings, some example embodiments will now be described, where

[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example architecture of a PON;

[0012] FIG. 2 is a message flow diagram associated with a typical activation process for establishing communication between the OLT and a new ONU recently added to the PON;

[0013] FIG. 3 is an updated message flow diagram, showing the inclusion of specific messages related to the disclosed low line rate activation process;

[0014] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example OLT configured to initiate and perform ONU activation at a line rate that is lower than the predefined upstream line rate; and

[0015] FIG. 5 contains an example flow chart for a low line rate ONU activation process as performed by an OLT.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example PON, illustrating a basic architecture of an OLT 10 that communicates with a plurality of ONUs 20 via an ODN 30. ODN 30 may have a tree-and-branch architecture, shown in this simple example as including a feeder fiber 32, a passive 1:N splitter/combiner 34 and a plurality of N distribution fibers 36 (also referred to at times as drop fibers). Feeder fiber 32 is connected between OLT 10 and splitter/combiner 34, with individual fibers 36i forming the plurality of N distribution fibers 36 used to couple individual ONUs 20i to splitter/combiner 34. In a typical environment, several OLTs may be located at a common central office (CO) of a communication network.

[0017] Feeder fiber 32 is used for the downstream transmissions from OLT 10 to the individual ONUs 20, as well as to support the upstream burst-mode transmissions from these same ONUs 20 back to OLT 10. The ability to maintain communication order among these various transmissions in a passive network configuration is provided by using a time-based system, with a time-division multiplex (TDM) protocol used in the downstream direction from OLT 10 to ONUs 20, and a time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol used in the upstream direction from ONUs 20 to OLT 10. It should be evident that maintaining a common system clock between OLT 10 and ONUs 20 is a basic requirement for ensuring communication integrity within the PON.

[0018] The diagram of FIG. 1 is intended to illustrate that the individual ONUs 20 may be located at various distances from OLT 10, with different lengths of distribution fiber 36 necessarily required to provide the connection between the ONUs 20 and splitter/combiner 34. Given the requirement to maintain strict timing control of downstream and upstream transmissions, the delay associated with the different lengths of the plurality of N distribution fibers 36 forming ODN 30 needs to be taken into consideration in establishing scheduled transmissions within the PON. Also particularly illustrated in FIG. 1 is a new ONU 20a that is identified as beginning the activation process.

[0019] FIG. 2 contains a message flow diagram associated with an example activation process for establishing communication between OLT 10 and new ONU 20a. To initiate the process, OLT 10 may periodically broadcast a series of parameter learning messages across the network, communicating the configuration of the PON environment to all attached ONUs 20 (both established ONUs and any new ONUs). These messages typically include synchronization information and this phase of activation is thus sometimes referred to as the synchronization phase. New ONU 20a is initialized to collect profile information about the network, and at some point will energize its transmitter to enable two-way communication with OLT 10.

[0020] Upon expiration of the learning phase, OLT 10 begins a process of determining specific ONU operating parameters by entering the ONU discovery phase during which OLT 10 will broadcast a series of serial number grant messages across the network. These transmissions occur during a quiet window (here, referred to as a discovery window in FIG. 2), which is a defined time period where the established ONUs are not permitted to transmit data to the OLT. At some point in time within the discovery window, ONU 20a responds to a grant message by transmitting its serial number back to OLT 10. OLT 10 then associates a unique ID with the serial number of ONU 20a and once the discovery window closes, transmits this unique ID (an example of a specific ONU operating parameter) to ONU 20a. A ranging window then opens, where OLT 10 transmits a directed ranging grant message specifically to ONU 20a, as shown in FIG. 2. The ranging process is utilized by OLT 10 to determine the delay in communication with ONU 20a (which is a function of the path length within ODN 30 between OLT 10 and ONU 20a). The sending of this ranging grant initiates the ranging process during which OLT 10 prepares to perform a calculation of the time delay between transmitted and received messages. Again as shown in FIG. 2, ONU 20a responds to the ranging grant with a specific registration message during the ranging window time period. The ranging window is also a quiet period where established ONUs cannot transmit upstream data.

[0021] Based on the response time measured at OLT 10 (and/or, perhaps a different between the measured response time and an expected ideal response time), OLT 10 computes an equalization time delay (??) that will be used by ONU 20a going forward to adjust its timing for the transmission of burst-mode upstream data transmissions to OLT 10. As a following step in the activation process and as shown in FIG. 2, OLT 10 transmits this equalization delay message as another specific ONU operating parameter to ONU 20a, which responds by adjusting the start time of its upstream frame clock to account for the ?? delay.

[0022] In reviewing the message flow of FIG. 2, it is clear that the burst-mode upstream messages transmitted by ONU 20a to OLT 10 during the activation process include both the transmission of the ONU's serial number, as well as a specific registration message that is used in the calculation of the equalization delay to be associated with ONU 20a. The presence of errors in the recovered versions of these messages as processed by the receiver at OLT 10 may result in the inability to establish bidirectional communication between OLT 10 and ONU 20a (if the recovered and decoded serial number is not in an expected format), or may result in a miscalculation of the equalization delay between the two elements (if the registration message is not properly decoded), which would result in ONU 20a not transmitting its upstream burst mode data transmission during its assigned time slot. As long as the upstream line rate used by the PON remains at speeds less 50 G, the receiver at the OLT is able to accurately recover the upstream activation messages from ONU 20a. However, as mentioned above, the introduction of the 50 G standard brings with it the presumption that the OLT receivers will include some type of equalization (e.g., digital signal processing (DSP)-based) to properly convert the 50 G upstream received optical signal into its electrical equivalent.

[0023] In particular, the use of a 50 G upstream line rate requires digital signal processing (in the form of equalizers) at the receiver components with the network to mitigate component bandwidth limitations, as well as a chromatic dispersion penalty inherent in transmitting through an optical fiber-based network. While the use of electronic equalization on the electrical signal recovered from the received optical signal enables the cost-effective use of standard, legacy (bandwidth-limited) components (such as, for example, the photodetectors for O/E conversion) for successful transmission, it is unlikely that the receiver at OLT 10 will exhibit the correct (and specific) equalization parameters during the ONU activation process, since it requires training time on the signal to obtain them. While one approach to addressing this problem is to increase the length of time that the discovery and ranging windows are open (allowing for ONU 20a to transmit multiple copies of the same message over a time period sufficient to train the OLT receiver), these extended time periods necessarily introduce latency into the PON, which is in conflict with a goal of using a 50 G upstream line rate to increase the volume of traffic that is handled by the PON over time. Indeed, latency is a significant parameter for many time-sensitive applications of the 50 G PON, including but not limited to, transport of mobile signals.

[0024] Accordingly, it is proposed to utilize upstream transmissions at line rate that is less than a predefined ONU upstream line rate during the ONU activation process. For example, with a predefined upstream line rate of 50 G, the use of a lower rate (such as 25 G or 12.5 G, for example) for an ONU's upstream burst-mode transmissions, the receivers within the OLT are capable of recovering the serial number and registration messages from an ONU (such as ONU 20a) without the need to perform any type of equalization. Reducing their transmission rate from a predefined upstream line rate such as 50 G (or higher) to 25 G (or perhaps 12.5 G) is not considered to add an appreciable latency to the overall network performance, since the following data transmissions (which obviously comprise multiple messages sent over an extended period of time) comprise the majority of the transmission that will transpire between OLT 10 and ONU 20a going forward.

[0025] FIG. 3 is an updated version of the message flow diagram of FIG. 2, illustrating an example of the disclosed process for enabling activation of an ONU at a lower rate than the standard data transmission rate of a particular ONU. In this example, when the discovery window opens and OLT 10 begins to transmit downstream serial number grants, the grant message also includes an instruction for any responding ONU 20 to use a low line rate speed for its upstream burst-mode transmissions during the activation process. This direct instruction from the OLT for the ONU to use a lower line may not be necessary in all situations, since new 50 G ONUS may be preconfigured to automatically use a lower line rate during activation. For explanatory purposes, a low line rate of 25 G is used, with the understanding that these elements are part of a 50 G PON. Since it is rather straightforward to enable ONUs to operate at different line rates, the request to operate at a low line rate should not be problematic as long as a common (standardized) signaling is in place between the OLT and the ONUs for this purpose.

[0026] Any ONU responding to the serial number grant, such as ONU 20a in this example, will set its transmitter to operate at the lower line rate and respond to the serial number grant with a 25 G burst-mode transmission of its serial number. By virtue of transmitting this information at the 25 G line rate, the receiver at OLT 10 is able to properly decode the information, and proceeds to assign a unique ID (a specific ONU operating parameter) to ONU 20a. When the discovery window closes, OLT 10 initiates a directed ranging grant to ONU 20a, and includes the assigned ID number as part of that message. The same process as described above with FIG. 2 and known in the art follows, except that ONU 20a continues to use the lower line rate of 25 G and thus sends a burst-mode 25 G transmission of a registration message back to OLT 10. Again, the transmission of this information at 25 G (instead of the standard 50 G of the example PON), the receiver at OLT 10 is able to decode the information without the need to first equalize its performance, allowing for OLT 10 to calculate an accurate equalization delay for ONU 20a to use going forward during data transmission.

[0027] At the close of the ranging window, OLT 10 transmits the assigned equalization delay to ONU 20a and the ONU adjusts the start time of its upstream clock based on this delay value. The final message transmitted from OLT 10 at the end of the ranging phase may include an instruction for ONU 20a to now reset its transmitter to operate at the 50 G upstream rate, which ONU 20a will use going forward for upstream burst-mode transmissions to OLT 10. Alternatively, ONU 20a may be configured to automatically reset its transmitter to operate at 50 G upon reception of the equalization delay message from OLT 10.

[0028] FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one example of OLT 10 configured to initiate and perform ONU activation at line rate that is lower than the standard upstream transmission rate. OLT 10 may include a memory 12, a processor 14, a transceiver 16, and a media access controller (MAC) 18. Memory 12 may store computer readable instructions for operating OLT 10, as well as the information to be sent to ONUs 20 or information received from the ONUs. Processor 14 may control OLT 10 (including memory 12, transceiver 16, and MAC 18) based on executing instructions stored in memory 12. Transceiver 16 includes a transmitter 16T and a receiver 16R, where the details of receiver 16R are more relevant to the present subject matter.

[0029] In this example block diagram, receiver 16R is shown as including an O/E module 16.1, a clock and data recovery (CDR) element 16.2 and a decoder 16.3. In operation, an incoming burst-mode transmission from an ONU is provided as an input to O/E module 16.1, which functions to convert the incoming optical signal to its electrical equivalent. Thereafter, the electrical signal is applied as an input to both CDR 16.2 and decoder 16.3. These standard elements, without more are capable to properly convert and decode messages transmitted at less than 50 G, such as 25 G or 12.5 G.

[0030] At the initiation of the activation process and with reference to the diagram of FIG. 3, MAC 18 may control OLT transmitter 16T to send a line rate message to ONU 20a, instructing ONU 20a to use 25 G burst-mode communications on its upstream messaging with OLT 10. Once the activation process is completed (as recognized, for example, by MAC 18 and/or processor 16), MAC 18 instructs OLT transmitter 16T to send an updated line rate message to ONU 20a, in this case instructing ONU 20a to switch to the 50 G line rate for the following data transmission.

[0031] FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an example process that may be performed by an OLT to perform reduced line rate activation of an ONU. The process begins at step 500 with OLT 10 broadcasting downstream synchronization messages across the network. At this point in time, ONU 20a is operating in a listening mode, collecting protocol and burst profile information associated with the specific network. Once ONU 20a has sufficiently progressed along this initialization, it will energize its transmitter (step 510) so that it will be able to respond to downstream communications from OLT 10. OLT 10 continues the process by broadcasting downstream serial number grant messages within the network (step 520). In the particular example process illustrated in FIG. 5, OLT 10 includes with this grant message an instruction for ONUs to respond at a 25 G line rate. In other examples, the line rate instruction may be transmitted in a subsequent message from OLT 10.

[0032] Continuing with the description of the flow chart, ONU 20a recognizes and then responds to the serial number grant with a message including its specific serial number. In accordance with the disclosed principles, this message is transmitted to OLT 10 at the 25 G line rate. OLT receiver 16R proceeds to recover the transmitted serial number (step 540), assign a unique ID to this serial number and store this information in memory 12. When the pairing is completed, OLT 10 is instructed to transmit a direct communication to ONU 20a (step 550), the message included in the communication including the assigned ID. Following this, OLT 10 then transmits a directed ranging grant (step 560) to ONU 20a to initiate the ranging phase of the activation process. The ranging grant opens a ranging window which continues to suspend communication between OLT 10 and the established ONUs 20.

[0033] As part of the OLT's functionality it prepares processor 14 to be ready to measure a timing delay between OLT and ONU transmissions and then calculate the related equalization delay ??. In response to the directed ranging grant, ONU responds with a registration message in a defined format (step 570). Again, this burst-mode message is transmitted to OLT 10 at the lower line rate of 25 G. Thus, receiver 16R at OLT 10 is able receive and properly decode the 25 G registration message (step 580) without need any equalization of the decoding process. The combination of processor 14 and MAC 16 use this received information, as well as the time stamp of the initial directed ranging grant to calculate the equalization delay ??, sending this message to ONU 20a (step 580).

[0034] Upon receipt, ONU 20a adjusts its upstream frame clock to account for the equalization delay (step 590), completing the activation process. In association with the disclosed process, OLT 10 then transmits a message to ONU 20a (step 600) to update its line rate to the standard 50 G rate. Inasmuch as most ONUs are configured as multi-rate components, the ability to switch between 25 G and 50 G is a straightforward process and is likely to already be a capability built into the ONU (for example, used to switch between 50 G and 25 G when experiencing transmission problems within the PON). 482028

[0035] It is to be understood that while the illustrated examples describe the use of 25 G as a lower line rate as compared to a standard 50 G rate that may be used for upstream data transmission in the PON, other lower line rates are also acceptable for use (such as 12.5 G).

[0036] As used in this application, the term circuitry may refer to one or more or all of the following: [0037] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry, [0038] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): [0039] (i) a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuits(s) with software/firmware and [0040] (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions), and [0041] (c) hardware circuit(s) and/or processor(s), such as microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s) that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.

[0042] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0043] It will furthermore be understood that the terms comprising or comprise do not exclude other elements or steps, that the indefinite articles a or an do not exclude a plurality, and that a single element, such as a computer system, a processor, or another integrated unit may fulfill the functions of several means as recited in the claims. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the respective claims concerned. The identifying terms first, second, third, a, b, c, and the like, when used in the description or the claims are introduced to distinguish between similar elements or steps and are not necessarily describing a sequential or chronological order. Similarly, the descriptive terms top, bottom, over, under, and the like are introduced for descriptive purposes and not necessarily to denote relative positions. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and embodiments of the invention are capable of operating according to the present invention in other sequences, or in orientations different from the one(s) described or illustrated above.

[0044] When an element is referred to as being connected or coupled to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or intervening elements may be present. By contrast, when an element is specifically referred to as being directly connected, or directly coupled, to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in like fashion (e.g., between versus directly between, adjacent versus directly adjacent, and the like).

[0045] Although the present invention has been illustrated by reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied with various changes and modifications without departing from the scope thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the scope of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.