WATER DISPENSING DEVICE

Abstract

A water dispensing device, including: a coupling to attach a water supply source to a structured water generator that receives the water and is configured to output structured water, the structured water generator including: a motor, a vortex generator configured to rotate at a speed; a reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water supply source; a gas supply configured to provide one or more gases; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer being configured to receive the structured water and to generate a magnetic field within the magnetizer to align the structured water in a direction by one or more magnets generating an electromagnetic field in a conductive material that produces magnetization by induction; and a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser being configured to dispense the structured water received from the magnetizer. Also provided are methods of producing a structured water.

Claims

1. A water dispensing device, comprising: a coupling to attach a water supply source to a structured water generator that receives the water and is configured to output structured water, the structured water generator comprising: a motor; a vortex generator configured to rotate at a speed; a reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water supply source, the reactor being configured to generate H.sub.2 and to transfer the H.sub.2 to the structured water generator; a gas supply configured to provide one or more gases; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer being configured to receive the structured water from the structured water generator and to generate a magnetic field within the magnetizer to align the structured water in a direction by one or more magnets generating an electromagnetic field in a conductive material that produces magnetization by induction; and a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser being configured to dispense the structured water received from the magnetizer.

2. The water dispensing device of claim 1, further comprising a water filtration system receiving water from the water supply source and configured to output filtered water to the structured water generator.

3. The water dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the vortex generator comprises one or more blades or rods connected to a shaft that is connected to the motor that rotates the shaft at high revolutions and the one or more blades or rods connected to the shaft generate a vortex in the water, which in turn produces cavitation and consequently an implosion one or more bubbles generated in the water.

4. The water dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the reactor comprises a hydrogen generation cell generating hydrogen via electrolysis.

5. The water dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the reactor comprises a mineral reactor that produces H.sub.2 via a chemical reaction between magnesium and water according to the following reaction: $Mg+H_{2}O.fwdarw.MgO+H_2.$

6. The water dispensing device of claim 5, wherein the magnesium comprises granular magnesium having a particle size of 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

7. The water dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the gas supply is configured to provide one or more gases selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and a combination thereof to: (a) the structured water generator; or (b) the water discharged from the magnetizer; or (c) both (a) and (b).

8. The water dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the gas supply comprises one or more of an O.sub.2 storage tank, a H.sub.2 storage tank, a CO.sub.2 storage tank, and a nitrogen storage tank, for providing oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, respectively.

9. The water dispensing device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more magnets of the magnetizer is: (a) an electromagnet; or (b) a neodymium magnet; or (c) a magnet comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), a rare earth metal, and a combination thereof; or (d) a magnet comprising an alloy of two or more of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and a rare earth metal; or (e) any combination of (a) to (d).

10. The water dispensing device of claim 1, further comprising a cooling system configured to: (a) maintain a temperature for the structuration of water in the structured water generator; or (b) cool the structured water before being discharged from the dispenser; or (c) both (a) and (b).

11. The water dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the water filtration system comprises a water filter, a reverse osmosis filter, and a disinfector.

12. The water dispensing device of claim 11, wherein the reverse osmosis filter comprises at least one cation exchange membrane for removing salts.

13. The water dispensing device of claim 11, wherein the disinfector comprises an ultraviolet light source.

14. The water dispensing device of claim 11, wherein the water filter comprises at least one of a sediment filter, a granular activated carbon filter, or a compact activated carbon filter.

15. A water dispensing device, comprising: a coupling to connect a water supply source to a structured water generator that receives the water and is configured to output structured water, the structured water generator comprising: a motor; a rotation generator coupled to the motor; and a vortex generator coupled to the rotation generator by a shaft, the vortex generator being configured to rotate at a first speed based on a rotational speed of the rotation generator, wherein the vortex generator comprises a spiral tube and the vortex generator is configured to generate the structured water in accordance with the first speed of the vortex generator; a mineral reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water supply source, the mineral reactor being configured to generate MgO and H.sub.2 and to transfer the MgO and H.sub.2 to the structured water generator; a gas supply coupled to the structured water generator, the gas supply being configured to provide one or more gases to the structured water generator; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer being configured to generate a magnetic field to align the structured water in a direction; and a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser being configured to dispense the structured water.

16. The water dispensing device of claim 15, wherein the spiral tube has a conical shape.

17. The water dispensing device of claim 15, wherein the mineral reactor includes a rotator configured to mix the magnesium with the water received from the water supply source to generate the MgO and H.sub.2.

18. The water dispensing device of claim 17, wherein: (a) the rotator comprises a cyclone mixer configured to mix the MgO and H.sub.2 with the water; or (b) the rotator comprises a screw-type mixing rod configured to mix the MgO and H.sub.2 with the water.

19. A method of producing structured water, the method comprising the steps of: receiving water from a water supply source; providing the water to a structured water generator, the structured water generator including a vortex generator; providing, by a reactor, hydrogen to the structured water generator; providing, by a gas supply, one or more gases to the structured water generator; rotating the vortex generator at a speed to induce cavitation and implosion in the vortex generator to generate a vortex for producing the structured water; outputting the structured water produced by the structured water generator.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the structured water is outputted to a magnetizer that generates a magnetic field to align the structured water in a direction prior to dispensing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] These and other features of this disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings of certain embodiments, which are intended to illustrate and not to limit the disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 1 shows the vortex caused by blood flowing through a human heart.

[0052] FIGS. 2 and 3 are representative illustrations to explain the processes of cavitation and implosion.

[0053] FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the dissociation of water as a function of temperature.

[0054] FIG. 5 is an illustration of a thermochemical processes for the generation of hydrogen gas from water.

[0055] FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the results of a conventional method of creating a water with dissolved hydrogen.

[0056] FIGS. 7-9 are schematic illustrations of the generation of H.sub.2 from the reaction of Mg and H.sub.2O.

[0057] FIG. 10 is a representation of the vortex flow in a fluid as a function of the radius of the vortex.

[0058] FIGS. 11-16 are illustrative embodiments of the water dispensing system of this invention.

[0059] FIG. 17A is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the water dispensing system of this invention, and FIG. 17B is an exploded view of the water dispensing system of FIG. 17A.

[0060] FIGS. 17C-17E are illustrations of various components of the water dispensing system of FIG. 17A.

[0061] FIGS. 17F and 17G are representative illustrations of a vortex generated inside the water dispensing system of FIG. 17A.

[0062] FIGS. 18A and 18B are illustrations of a large-scale water dispensing system according to another exemplary embodiment of this invention.

[0063] FIGS. 19A-19C are illustrations of a compact water dispensing system according to another exemplary embodiment of this invention.

[0064] FIG. 20 is a cutaway view of section 2000A of the water dispensing system of FIG. 17A.

[0065] FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method for forming structured water of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] Further aspects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description which follows. It should be understood that the various individual aspects and features of the present disclosure described herein can be combined with any one or more individual aspect or feature, in any number, to form embodiments of the present disclosure that are specifically contemplated and encompassed by the present disclosure. Furthermore, any of the features recited in the claims can be combined with any of the other features recited in the claims, in any number or in any combination thereof. Such combinations are also expressly contemplated as being encompassed by the present disclosure.

[0067] As used herein, the singular forms a, an and the are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0068] As used herein, about is a term of approximation and is intended to include minor variations in the literally stated amounts, as would be understood by those skilled in the art. Such variations include, for example, standard deviations associated with techniques commonly used to measure the amounts of the constituent elements or components of an alloy or composite material, or other properties and characteristics. All of the values characterized by the above-described modifier about, are also intended to include the exact numerical values disclosed herein, as well as acceptable variance of such values. Moreover, all ranges include the upper and lower limits of the ranges.

[0069] To maximize the benefits of dissolved hydrogen and micronutrients, and cure the deficiency in conventional water-based beverages, the devices and systems of this application are directed to the production of structured water having characteristics consistent with inventive aspects of the present disclosure. To produce structured water of this invention, there is a need of a system that, in addition to purifying and structuring water, allows for the energetic and structural improvements thereof, and the addition of beneficial nutrients, such as hydrogen and minerals to the water.

[0070] Conventionally, structured water is defined as the total fraction of water that does not freeze below the transition point and exists between the semi-solid and solid states of water. Structured water has also been defined as the fraction of water that surrounds macromolecules such as proteins. These definitions are consistent with other researches wherein this type of water is called the hydration layer (Laage, Damien & Elsaesser, Thomas & Hynes, James. (2017). Perspective: Structure and ultrafast dynamics of biomolecular hydration shells, Structural Dynamics. 4: 044018 (2017), 10.1063/1.4981019).

[0071] When water is structured, it increases the capacity to retain dissolved hydrogen and change its diamagnetic properties compared to traditional water. The maximum retention capacity of traditional drinking water for dissolved hydrogen is about 2 ppm. In comparison, structured water can retain dissolved hydrogen in amounts of about 3 ppm to about 5 ppm. That is, structured water increases retention capacity of hydrogen by about 50% to about 150% compared with traditional drinking water. An example of structured water is the plasma used in the marine therapy at Quinton Laboratories. Such plasma is naturally generated in vortices of the sea and has been successfully used in treatments of certain conditions, such as Alzheimer's, immune dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, progression of atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and allergic rhinitis (Thomas Cowan, Cancer and the New Biology of Water, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2019, ISBN: 9781603588812).

[0072] A relationship between the physical characteristics of structured water and the evolution of cancer at the molecular level has also been established. Empirical studies have shown that mice with tumors have lower amount of structured water in their serum, liver, and heart (Pouliquen D, Olivier C, Debien E, Meflah K, Vallette F M, Menanteau J., Changes in liver mitochondrial plasticity induced by brain tumor, BMC Cancer 6: 234 (2006), doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-234. PMID: 17018136; PMCID: PMC1599747). Studies have also shown that the growth of unstructured water (i.e., absence of hydration layers) initially causes cellular dysfunctions (e.g., benign tumors), and in the worst case, increases cell proliferation (i.e., neoplasia) (Jose de Felippe Jr., Paula vinas, Gustavo Vilela, Valter Hamachi, George Gennari, Integrative Medical Oncology: Pathophysiology and Treatment, Editora Sarvier, 8 Apr. 2019).

[0073] The structured arrangement of body fluids including water, blood, plasma, etc., are signs of a body in perfect condition and it confirms that human beings, not only require water with certain minerals, but also that said water should be structured in a certain way. Hydrogen has also been shown to benefit people with metabolic syndrome and athletes.

[0074] As used herein, the term structured water refers to a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules having a hollow lumen, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges. When viewed from the top, the arrangements of the water molecules of the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape. The terms structured water and H.sub.3O.sub.2 molecule are used interchangeably through this application. As described earlier, the structure and growth of planar structures of water at different interfaces have been studied earlier. These previous studies are related to natural hydrogen bridge interactions in a particular zone of water, while the structured water of this invention is such that the arrangement of water molecules is altered by applying high energy processes to the water during the processes of cavitation and implosion in addition to the effects of magnetization and mineral injection processes, as described later in this application. These processes changes the energy of the bonds between adjacent water molecules, and a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules having a hollow lumen, wherein the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges with unique properties is achieved. The main differences between the structured water or H.sub.3O.sub.2 molecule found in the literature and that of this invention lies in the promotion of molecular self-replication, where the formation of the three-dimensional spiral cage structure of this invention, which is achieved under appropriate high energy processes, is promoted.

[0075] Moreover, the structured water of this invention is different from generally-known or described structured water, because the structured water known until the discovery of this invention refers to an intrinsic process of water. In comparison, the structured water of this invention is created by the application of high energy processes (structuration) as described herein. Structuration is a process in which, by means of implosion and cavitation energy, together with some organic and inorganic salts, at a temperature below atmospheric temperature, water is subjected to drastic changes of pressure and temperature in microstates so that this energy is able to enhance molecular interactions and change the properties of the water. As a result, the electrical and thermal conductivity of water can be changed to promote the formation of structured water of this invention. This change in the properties of water, together with the subsequent lowering of temperature, addition of molecular gases, and magnetization, promote the formation of the structured water of this invention. The structured water of this invention changes the properties of the water and the bioavailability of its constituent elements. As used herein below, unless otherwise indicated, the term structured water refers to the structured water of this invention having the inventive aspects of the present disclosure.

[0076] It is conventionally known that hydrogen is susceptible to separation from a water molecule under certain conditions of pressure and temperature using various methods including vortex generation, cavitation and implosion. There are several conventional reactions that can be used to produce hydrogen, including but not limited to: electrochemical, thermochemical, photochemical, radiochemical, biochemical and hybrid.

[0077] The application of a specific technology for hydrogen production depends on various factors, including but not limited to the nature of raw materials used, available energy source(s), including but not limited to polar, nuclear, hydroelectric, thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass, biofuel, fossil fuel, and the like, scale of production, and the like. When hydrogen is produced from water, and a high-temperature reservoir is available as a source of thermal energy, the following transformation technologies can be used: water electrolysis (which requires electricity), thermo-chemical cycles and hybrid thermochemical cycles.

[0078] A water molecule can dissociate into its constituent componentsoxygen and hydrogenunder thermolysis conditions according to the following chemical reaction:

[00002]$H_{2}O.Math.H_2+\frac{1}{2}{O}_2.$

[0079] Table 1 lists the dissociation percentage of water at different temperatures.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Temperature Dissociated [? C.] quantity [%] 1730 0.69 2030 2.64 2430 10.35 2730 22.40 3230 57.43

[0080] The standard thermodynamic functions for gaseous water (water vapor) are:

[00003]$?H?=241.93\left[\mathrm{kJ}/\mathrm{mol}\right]$$?G?=228.71\left[\mathrm{kJ}/\mathrm{mol}\right]$$?S?=44.33\left[\mathrm{kJ}/\mathrm{mol}\right],$$\mathrm{and}$$?C_p=9.98\left[\mathrm{kJ}/\mathrm{mol}.Math.K\right].$

[0081] The functions shown above do not take into account the potentially catalytic action of substances commonly present in water, such as calcium and magnesium, among others.

[0082] In accordance with the above described functions, a vortex, which generates the phenomena of cavitation and implosion, provides the appropriate pressure and temperature conditions for hydrogen production from water. Vortex formation, and the related phenomena of cavitation and implosion, will be described herein. Dissolved hydrogen in the structured water dispensed from the water dispensing machine described herein has long term stability, as described in the co-pending application, and can function as an important physiological regulator for cells and organs, and also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, among various other advantageous effects.

[0083] The word cavitation is derived from cavity, and has its origins in Latin. Cavitation was first successfully studied by Reynolds in 1984 (Effect of different design features of the reactor on hydrodynamic cavitation process, J. Ozonek, K. Lenik b, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 52(2): 112-117 (2011)). Cavitation describes a phenomenon that occurs inside a liquid when a pressure field is subjected to changes in time and distance. These changes depend on the properties of the liquid which causes the formation of voids, filled with the fluid in its vapor phase, which are then violently compressed, reaching gaseous phases at high pressure and temperature. Due to this process, there is a rapid transfer of energy between a zone where there was previously a vacuum and where the water changes in density.

[0084] This phenomenon is caused by a difference in static pressure and vapor pressure of a fluid. When the static pressure of a fluid (pressure of a fluid at rest) is lower than its vapor pressure, small vapor-filled cavities can be present in the fluid. Increasing the pressure on the fluid results in implosion or collapse of these cavities, thereby generating waves of energy emanating from the site of the implosion(s).

[0085] A representative schematic of this process is shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, one cavitation bubble 3200 is shown under normal pressure conditions (prior to exposure to a pressure gradient). When cavitation bubble 3200 is subject to baroclinity (v??v?.sub.1) at a point .Math. and converges with an area having a different pressure gradient (v?.sub.2), the cavitation bubble 3200 is subjected to a shock wave that moves through the fluid due to the difference in the pressure gradients. This causes the cavitation bubble 3200 to implode and form an imploded cavitation bubble 3300, which generates additional energy. Baroclinity, generally denoted by v??v?, where v? is a density gradient and v? is a pressure gradient of a fluid, is a measure of the misalignment between the density and pressure gradients of a fluid.

[0086] Another schematic representation of this process is shown in FIG. 3. As illustrated in FIG. 3, cavitation bubbles 3200 appear within the fluid when a vortex is generated in a fluid at a velocity Vo by the action of a rotor (e.g., rotating blade) 3000. As these cavitation bubbles 3200 encounter the pressure differential created by the vortex along isobaric lines 3400, the cavitation bubbles implode into an elliptical-shaped imploded cavitation bubble 3300.

[0087] There are various methods for generating the above-described cavitation and implosion processes, including but not limited to: (1.) flowing over hydrofoils; (2.) supercavitating hydrofoils; (3.) flowing over propellers; (4.) turbulent cutting flow; (5.) using a water inlet cavity; and (6.) bubble chambers.

[0088] Exemplary embodiments of the water dispensing device of this application are illustrated in FIGS. 11 to 20, and will be described in further detail in this application. The water dispensing device includes a vortex generating system to achieve the above-described thermodynamic conditions through the processes of cavitation and implosion. The vortex generating system generates a plurality of microstates produce favorable environments for the generation of hydrogen.

[0089] The vortex of this invention generates an environment of microstates, which facilitate cavitation and implosion processes resulting in a localized pressure, calculated to be about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a localized temperature, calculated to be at least 5000 K in the water that facilitates the formation of structured water. As one example, the vortex of this invention can be created by rotating a vortex-generating system at 3600 rpm, which generates an average linear speed of about 50 m/s of the water in the vortex, and an absolute pressure that is less than 2 kPa. The vortex of this invention and the various components of the system of this invention that generates these local parameters will be described later in this application. As used herein below, unless otherwise indicated, the term vortex refers to the vortex of this invention having the inventive aspects of the present disclosure.

[0090] These aforementioned conditions generate pressure and temperature changes in the vortex that make viable the processes of initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision and implosion. These processes generate temperatures of around 10,000 (K). Consequently, thermolysis of water can occur in the microstates created in the water, and the diameter of these formations or micro-states could reach about 56 m.

[0091] FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the products (hydrogen and oxygen) obtained from thermolysis of water. As shown in FIG. 4, the separation of water into H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 increases with increasing temperature, and reaches a maximum level of dissociation at temperatures greater than about 3750 K, at which point the molar fraction of H.sub.2O is approximately zero.

[0092] Other methodologies that use only thermal energy are thermochemical cycles that separate water into hydrogen and oxygen through a series of chemical reactions, for example, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0093] The application of redox reactions is a technique that is also used to increase the concentration of H.sub.2 in drinking water (in form of solutes or colloids). Said increase of the hydrogen concentration is achieved conventionally by adding dietary supplements (e.g. effervescent tablets containing potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium particles, tartaric acid, 1-leucine, organic sea salt, calcium lactate and inulin), which creates negative redox potentials in the water containing hydrogen nanobubbles that last for a few hours. For example, when a 230 mg tablet of a tablet that is purported to produce hydrogen is dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water, the volume of hydrogen generated increases with time, and stabilizes after about 150 min at a volume of about 2 ml to about 4 ml, as shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 shows the results of two different measurements of the hydrogen concentration in water using this process.

[0094] Other redox reactions can be used to generate hydrogen. One such example of a redox reaction is the reaction of hydrochloric acid with aluminum, as shown in Equation 2. Although the production of hydrogen is very simple through the use of components such as HCl and aluminum, this process can be harmful to health based on the use of HCl, and is thus, not a preferred method.

[00004]$\begin{array}{cc}6\mathrm{HCl}+2\mathrm{Al}.fwdarw.2{\mathrm{AlCl}}_3+3H_2& \mathrm{Equation}2\end{array}$

[0095] The hydrogen dissolved in water may be present in its molecular form and, alternatively in the case of super saturated solutions, a solute or a colloid. In some cases, H.sub.2 can be present in the form of nanobubbles in the water, with the nanobubbles having a diameter of up to about 600 nm and the formation of the nanobubbles can be achieved by electrolysis. Additionally, it has been found that the concentration of H.sub.2 nanobubbles increases according to the nature of the ions present in the solution according to the following order I.sup.?>Br.sup.?>Cl.sup.? (anions), and K.sup.+>Li.sup.+>Na.sup.+ (cations).

[0096] Referring back to FIG. 5, the separation of water into H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 can be a two-step reaction where a first metal oxide M.sub.xO.sub.y is reduced to produce oxygen and then a second metal oxide M.sub.xO.sub.y-1 is reduced to produce hydrogen, where M can be any transition metal or combination thereof, and x and y are stoichiometric values of the constituent components. It should be noted that there is a wide variety of thermochemical cycles that can be implemented. For example, the CNRS-PROMES (Processes, Materials and Solar Energy) laboratory built a database with 280 thermodynamic cycles with operational temperatures of up to 2000? C. It should be also noted that each cycle uses specific cyclic reaction elements, and different types of catalysts can be used to optimize the reactions that produce H.sub.2.

[0097] One example of hydrogen production is the reaction of magnesium with water. Recent research has shown that hydrogen can be produced efficiently (with an efficiency of 11% (see, e.g., Shetty et al., A comparative study of hydrogen generation by reaction of ball milled mixture of magnesium powder with two water-soluble salts (NaCl and KCl) in hot water, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45(48), pp. 25890-25899 (2020), ISSN 0360-3199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.03.156) to 90% (see, e.g., Kushch et al. Hydrogen-generating compositions based on magnesium, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 36(1): 1321-1325 (2011), doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.06.115) using powdered magnesium. Another example is the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,538 A where a magnesium alloy is mixed with minor amounts of one or more metals such as nickel and zinc, which acts as catalysts in the reaction of the magnesium alloy with chlorinated water.

[0098] To produce gaseous hydrogen, the amount of granular metallic magnesium used is enough to obtain the maximum solubility of hydrogen in water. The maximum solubility of hydrogen in water ranges from about 1 ppm to about 5 ppm of hydrogen dissolved in water.

[0099] However, there have been no studies regarding the effect of magnesium on the cavitation, and subsequent implosion process, described herein. By the inclusion of Mg in the process described herein, the production of hydrogen is increased, while also improving the cavitation and implosion processes. FIG. 7 is a schematic that explains the process of mixing metallic Mg and water in any suitable vessel with stirring to produce MgO and H.sub.2. As further illustrated in FIG. 8, the metallic Mg and water can be added to a reactor, and then sent to a structuring system. Water enriched with H.sub.2 can then be pumped from the structured water generator to a water dispensing module. Each of these components, and the accompanying process, will be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 11 to 20.

[0100] Mg is one example of a mineral that can be used to produce hydrogen in this manner, and also improving cavitation and implosion processes when the process is carried out at appropriate temperature, pressure, time parameters, and the like. As Mg is not found in nature in its pure state, it may be obtained from naturally-occurring compounds of magnesium, such as magnesite. Magnesite (generally MgCO.sub.3) is a composition of magnesium salts and other trace elements, such as iron, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and the like. As generally illustrated in FIG. 9, metallic magnesium can be obtained from naturally-occurring magnesite using various processes, such as extraction, electrolysis and precipitation, performed in any suitable order, to produced metallic magnesium. The metallic Mg can then be used, as described above, to produce structured water enriched with dissolved hydrogen.

[0101] The materials for producing hydrogen are not limited to Mg and magnesite, and, any suitable material that reacts with water to produce hydrogen can also be used. Additional examples of such minerals include, but are not limited to alkali and alkaline earth metals such as Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, and the like, including any salts thereof.

[0102] As discussed above, an exemplary chemical process for producing hydrogen includes producing gaseous hydrogen from a reaction of magnesium and water according to the following reaction:

[00005]$\mathrm{Mg}+H_{2}O.fwdarw.\mathrm{MgO}+H_2$

[0103] The ratio of the amount of magnesium used in the devices and systems of this application in a range of about 0.01 mg[Mg]/g[H.sub.2O] to about 1 mg[Mg]/g[H.sub.2O]. The amount of magnesium can be equal to any integer value or values within this range, including the end-points of these ranges and any acceptable variance.

[0104] The particle size of the Mg used can be about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm. The particle size of the Mg can be equal to any integer value or values within this range, including the end-points of these ranges and any acceptable variance. The particle size of the Mg affects the generation of hydrogen from the reaction of magnesium and water because the geometry of the cluster formed by metallic Mg is dependent on the size of the Mg particle. When the particle size of magnesium that reacts with water is within this range, smaller clusters of Mg are formed, which increase the surface area available for reaction with water and assists in the production of hydrogen bubbles. The effect of the Mg particle size on the volume of hydrogen production is further discussed with reference to Table 3.

[0105] Magnesium (Mg) is a very active element and reacts with water at low temperatures to produce magnesium oxide and hydrogen. The reaction can be shifted to producing magnesium hydroxide instead of magnesium oxide by increasing the amount of water. The reactions between magnesium and water are summarized in Equations 3-5:

[00006]$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{Mg}}_s^0+H_2^{I}O.fwdarw.{\mathrm{Mg}}^{\mathrm{II}}{O}_{\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+{H_2^0}_g& \mathrm{Equation}3\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{Mg}}_s+2H_{2}O.fwdarw.{{\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2}_{\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}+{H_2}_g& \mathrm{Equation}4\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_2\stackrel{?}{.Math.}{\mathrm{MgO}}_{\left(s\right)}+H_2{O}_{\left(g\right)}.& \mathrm{Equation}5\end{array}$

[0106] Hess's Law is used to determine whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic based on the emission of reaction heat:

[00007]$?H_r=.Math.?*?H_P^0-.Math.?*?H_r^0$ [0107] where ? is the stoichiometric coefficient of products and reactants, ?H.sub.r is enthalpy of formation for a given reaction, ?H.sub.p.sup.0 is the standard state enthalpy of formation of the product(s), and ?H.sub.r.sup.0 is the standard state enthalpy of formation of the reactant(s).

[0108] For magnesium oxide and hydroxide, respectively, the ?H.sub.r values are calculated using Hess's Law:

[00008]$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{Mg}}^{II}{O}_{\left(aq\right)}\\ {\mathrm{?H}}_r=\left(-602\frac{\mathrm{KJ}}{\mathrm{mol}}\right)-\left(-285.5\frac{\mathrm{KJ}}{\mathrm{mol}}\right)=-316.5\frac{\mathrm{KJ}}{\mathrm{mol}}\\ {\mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_{2_{\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)}}\\ {\mathrm{?H}}_r=\left(-925\frac{KJ}{mol}\right)-\left(-285.5\frac{KJ}{mol}\right)=-639.5\frac{KJ}{mol}\end{array}$

[0109] As shown by the above values, the reactions that produce magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide are exothermic.

[0110] Within a chemical reaction, limiting reagents are those that are consumed first and limit the amount of product that can be obtained. For examples, in Equation 3 the limiting reagent is Mg with a value of 4.1 mol of Mg. In this reaction, 4.11 moles of water are required to react with 4.1 moles of Mg. Therefore, for consuming 5.5 mols of water, more Mg is required, i.e., the limiting reagent is magnesium and reagent in excess is water. By reacting magnesium and water, 166.45 g of MgO and 8.22 g of H.sub.2 are produced.

[0111] When a reaction is carried out at a constant density, i.e., equal input, output and reaction density (?.sub.e=?.sub.s=?), and therefore, constant heat, i.e., equal input and output heat (Q.sub.e=Q.sub.s), the balance of matter can be expressed as a function of concentration of the various components because the flow rate of the input and output currents does not change. The balance of mass and energy as a function of concentration of the various components in the oxidation reaction of magnesium can be represented by the following relationships:

At a stationary state dN.sub.i/dt=0, and

[00009]$\begin{array}{c}{F}_i-F_i+\left(r_A\right)V=0\\ F_{A_e}-F_{A_s}+\left(r_A\right)V=0\\ \left(-r_A\right)=k{C}_{Mg}{C}_{H_{2}O}-k{C}_{MgO}{C}_{H_2}\\ F_{A_e}-F_{A_s}+\left(-k{C}_{Mg}{C}_{H_{2}O}+k{C}_{MgO}{C}_{H_2}\right)V=0\\ Q_e{C}_{A_e}-Q_s{C}_{A_s}+\left(-k{C}_{Mg}{C}_{H_{2}O}+k{C}_{MgO}{C}_{H_2}\right)V=0\\ {\mathrm{QC}}_{A_e}-Q{C}_{A_s}+\left(-k{C}_{Mg}{C}_{H_{2}O}+k{C}_{MgO}{C}_{H_2}\right)V=0.\end{array}$

[0112] Obtaining Q, and assuming that the residence time for an agitation tank reactor is ?=v/Q, the expression for the mass balance is as follows:

[00010]${\left(C_{A_e}\right)}_i-{\left(C_{A_s}\right)}_i+\left(-k{C}_{Mg}{C}_{H_{2}O}+k{C}_{MgO}{C}_{H_2}\right)?=0$

wherein (C.sub.A.sub.e).sub.i, (C.sub.A.sub.s).sub.i are respectively the input and output concentration of the species i (i=Mg, H.sub.2O, MgO and H.sub.2). For an ideal mixture:

[00011]$C_{A_s}=C_A,C_{B_s}=C_B,C_{C_s}=C_C.$

[0113] Since the system is stoichiometric, the following equations are used to calculate the concentration in terms of the conversion of the system:

[00012]$\begin{array}{c}{C}_A=C_{A_o}\left(1-X\right)\\ C_B=C_{A_o}\left({?}_B-X\right)\\ C_B=C_{A_o}\left({?}_C+X\right)\\ C_B=C_{A_o}\left({?}_D+X\right)\\ \mathrm{where}{?}_B=\frac{C_{B_o}}{C_{A_o}}{?}_C=\frac{C_{C_o}}{C_{Ao}}{?}_D=\frac{C_{D_o}}{C_{A_o}}.\end{array}$

[0114] Therefore, the design expression for the reactor mass balance is:

[00013]${\left(C_{A_e}\right)}_i-{\left(C_A\right)}_i+\left(-k{C}_{A_o}\left(1-X\right)C_{A_o}\left({?}_B-X\right)+k{C}_{A_o}\left({?}_C+X\right)C_{A_o}\left({?}_D+X\right)\right)?=0$

[0115] On account of the reaction being exothermic, the heat profile is expressed by the following expression:

[00014]$\underset{i=Mg{H}_{2}O,MgO,H_2}{.Math.}Q{C}_{i_e}\left(H_{i_e}-H_i\right)+\mathrm{UA}?T+\left(-?H_A^o\right)\left(-k{C}_{A_o}\left(1-X\right)C_{A_o}\left({?}_B-X\right)+{\mathrm{kC}}_{A_o}\left({?}_C+X\right)C_{A_o}\left({?}_D+X\right)\right)V=0$$\left(H_{i_e}-H_i\right)=\stackrel{\_}{C_{p_1}}*\left(T_e-T\right)$

[0116] The thermodynamic model that is used to calculate the activity coefficients is selected because the magnesium is an electrolyte, and it becomes necessary to determine the electron localization function of MgO and H.sub.2.

[0117] Parameters such as activation energies, temperatures, and pre-exponential factor can be determined by simulating the Arrhenius equation. The Arrhenius equation:

[00015]$k=\mathrm{Ae}\frac{-E_a}{\mathrm{RT}}$

is used to calculate the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor at various temperatures for the ion-dipole interactions (Mg and H.sub.2O) and for the species formed during the reaction, where k is the rate constant (frequency of collisions resulting in a reaction), T is the absolute temperature (in Kelvin), A is the pre-exponential factor, E.sub.a is the activation energy for the reaction, and R is the universal gas constant.

[0118] Tables 2 and 3 show the relationship between the size of the magnesium particles and the volume of hydrogen that is produced.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 metal water ?G k.sub.1 (s.sup.?1) parameter model (kcal/mol) Mg.sup.2+ r.sub.1 (?) r.sub.2 (?) CN.sub.1/CN.sub.2 MG.sup.CHARMM TIP3P 12.7 ? 0.2 6.4 ? 10.sup.3 1.97 4.1 6/12 MG.sup.CHARMM SPC/E 12.6 ? 0.5 7.5 ? 10.sup.3 2.00 4.1 6/12 MG.sup.CHARMM TIP5P 13.1 ? 0.6 3.2 ? 10.sup.3 1.90 4.0 6/12 MG.sup.LB-Aqvist TIP3P 13.2 ? 0.2 2.7 ? 10.sup.3 1.98 4.2 6/12

[0119] As shown in Table 3, for the same reaction time (3 minutes), more hydrogen is generated from the reaction of magnesium and water when the particle size of Mg is less than 2 mm, and the amount of hydrogen generated decreases with increasing Mg particle size.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Particle Size (S.sub.p, mm) H.sub.2 Volume (mL) Time (min) S.sub.p < 2 0.63 3 2 < S.sub.p < 3 0.5 3 3 < S.sub.p 0.3 3

[0120] Table 4 lists various components that can react with water to produce hydrogen. As can be seen from Table 4, despite the possibility of reaction, none or minimal (non-detectable) amounts of hydrogen are produced by reactants other than elemental Mg. Elemental magnesium is the only reactant that produces hydrogen in a measurable amount.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Solution Mg Solubility of reactants in H.sub.2O Concentration of H.sub.2 produced (g/L) (mg/L) [Mg] 0.006 2.67 [MgO] 0.006 0 [MgOH.sub.2] 0.012 0 CuSO.sub.4 203 0 (Comparative Example) Condition 1 [H.sub.2] 0.0024 g [H.sub.2] 0.0009 g [Mg] 0.0005 g [MgO] 0.0009 g [MgOH.sub.2] 0.0013 g [CuSO.sub.4] * 5H.sub.2O 7 g Condition 2 [Mg]total n 0.0240 g H.sub.2 total p 0.0010 g [MgO]t 0.8292 g [MgOH.sub.2]t 24.9884 g [CuSO.sub.4] 8.5177 g

Designing a Vortex

[0121] A two-equation mathematical model that describes the phenomena observed in the water dispensing system of this invention is discussed below. A characteristic feature of the two-equation model is a fifth-order nonlinear aerodynamic damping term. Likewise, this model can be used for qualitative analysis, with additional experiments contemplated for quantitative analysis. Based on the two-equation mathematical model, the specific parameters and conditions that create the vortex were designed, as described herein.

[0122] The two-equation mathematical model includes Equations A and B:

[00016]$\begin{array}{cc}\stackrel{.fwdarw.}{?}=??\stackrel{.fwdarw.}{u}& \mathrm{Equation}A\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}?={?}_S\stackrel{.fwdarw.}{?}.Math.\stackrel{.fwdarw.}{n}\mathrm{dS}& \mathrm{Equation}B\end{array}$

[0123] In Equation A, {right arrow over (?)} represents a flow field with velocity distribution u, and {right arrow over (u)} represents the velocity distribution of a field. In Equation B, ? is defined as a circulation function of a fluid, and S is an arbitrary curved surface. The primary characteristics of the vortices present in a fluid are: [0124] 1. Vorticity at a point in a fluid is a vector. The component of vorticity in a particular direction ({right arrow over (n)}) is twice the angular velocity of either of two line segments in the fluid that are mutually orthogonal with {right arrow over (n)}. Vorticity is therefore a measure of how fast the fluid rotates. [0125] 2. Just because a flow field is rotating on a large scale, it does not mean that ? in the flux is non-zero (in order to obtain a ? different from 0, ? should be non-zero at least at one point or in a finite region for a viscous fluid). [0126] 3. Even if the current lines of a flow are not curved, the flow itself can be rotational, i.e., vortex lines are material lines. [0127] 4. Vortex lines are lines that are tangential to the local vorticity vector. Vortex tubes are the set of all vortex lines that pass through a finite area. [0128] 5. The circulation around a vortex tube is constant, regardless of the shape and location of the contour. [0129] 6. As long as a fluid is barotropic, is subject to environmental forces, and only subject to potential corporeal forces, the circulation around any loop of material in the fluid is independent of time. [0130] 7. Vorticity is improved by stretching along the axes of rotation of the fluid element. [0131] 8. Viscosity causes vorticity to diffuse away from lateral lines. [0132] 9. Baroclinity can generate vorticity within a fluid. [0133] 10. When the flow is rotational, the vorticity of a fluid element is directly proportional to its density, and the compression of the fluid increases the vorticity.

Designing Cavitation and Implosion Processes in a Vortex.

[0134] A model for the onset of cavitation and implosion in a vortex is described here. In this model, a simplified Rayleigh-Plesset single-bubble implosion model is used. The degree of cavitation development is characterized by a non-dimensional parameter known as the cavitation number ?, which is defined by:

[00017]$?=\frac{p_{\mathrm{ref}}-p_v}{\frac{1}{2}?V^2},$

where ?.sub.ref is the reference pressure of the liquid, p.sub.v is the actual pressure of the liquid, ? is the fluid density, and V is the flow velocity.

[0135] The Rayleigh-Plesset equation is a second-order differential equation used to calculate the behavior of the bubble volume as a function of its radius R(t):

[00018]$?\left[R\stackrel{.Math.}{R}+\frac{3}{2}{\stackrel{.}{R}}^2\right]=\left[p_v-p_{?}\left(t\right)\right]+{p_{g0}\left(\frac{R_0}{R}\right)}^{3k}-\frac{2S}{R}-4?\frac{\stackrel{?}{R}}{R},$

where [?.sub.v??.sub.?(t)] is the difference between the applied pressure and the vapor pressure, and is the driving term of the bubble evolution. The second term of this equation is the contribution of the non-condensable gas, where the constant mass of the gas is assumed to follow a polytropic thermodynamic behavior characterized by a given polytropic coefficient k. S is the surface tension coefficient expressed in N/m or J/m.sup.2.

[0136] Based on the above-described Rayleigh-Plesset model, the specific parameters and conditions that create the vortex, and resulting cavitation and implosion processes of this application were designed, as described herein.

[0137] The design of the implosion system described herein maximizes the implosion phenomenon, maximizes stiffness to prevent the system from reaching its elastic limits and makes it possible to reuse the system, imparts safety, minimizes manufacturing, maintenance, and operating costs, and minimizes weight.

[0138] In an exemplary embodiment, to achieve the structured water of this application, the rotor of the motor is rotated at a rotational speed of about 1800 rpm to about 7000 rpm. The rotational speed can be equal to any integer value or values this range, including the end-points of these ranges, and any appropriate variances.

[0139] The initial pressure inside the structuring chamber during the cavitation and implosion process can be from about 50 kPa to about 105 kPa. The pressure can be equal to any integer value or values within this range, including the end-points of these ranges, and any appropriate variances. At a pressure within these ranges, the energy of the macrostates of water increases. During the implosion process, the localized pressure of the microstates of water existing in the vicinity of the implosion can reach about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and the localized temperature can be at least 5000 K.

[0140] Within these ranges, the system described herein creates the cavitation and implosion processes at the required energy to produce the structured water having high hydrogen solubility over time. The structured water and its various components are discussed in the co-pending application, the contents of which are incorporated as if fully set forth herein.

[0141] The following is a description of the fluid dynamics that form the basis for creating the vortex of this invention to produce the structured water of this invention.

[0142] Speed distribution of a Rankine vortex with a central radius a and a maximum circulation ? is:

[00019]$\begin{array}{cc}{v}_{?}=\frac{?}{2?a^2}& r?a\\ v_{?}=\frac{?}{2?r}& r>a\end{array}$

[0143] The total angular momentum per unit length contained within a radius r.sub.0.fwdarw.? is:

[00020]$?=\frac{1}{2}??\left\{r_0^2-\frac{1}{2}{a}^2\right\}$

[0144] The cavitation vortex is designed such that:

[00021]$\begin{array}{c}r?r_i\left(\mathrm{Steam}\right)\\ r?r_i\left(\mathrm{Liquid}\right)\end{array}.$

[0145] A graphical representation of the calculated fluid dynamics of a cavitation vortex as a function of ambient pressure and radius of the cavitation vortex is shown in FIG. 10 (Khojasteh-Manesh et al., Evaluation of Cavitation Erosion Intensity in a Microscale Nozzle Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Bubble Dynamic Simulation, J. Fluids Eng. 141(6): 061303 (14 pages), June 2019, pub. Online Apr. 4, 2019.)

[0146] Nomenclature of various parameters discussed in this application are shown in Table 5:

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 t.sub.o = Central or midline radius A.sub.R = Aspect ratio A.sub.S = Surface area b = Hydrofoil semi-section c = Rope length c.sub.0 = Maximum rope length C.sub.p = Pressure coefficient [00022]$C_D=\mathrm{Drag}\mathrm{coefficient}\frac{D}{1/2?U_0{A}_S}$ C.sub.DF = Viscous drag coefficient [00023]$C_{11}=\mathrm{Lifting}\mathrm{coefficient}\frac{L}{1/2?U_0{A}_S}$ C.sub.P = Pressure coefficient C.sub.P.sub.c = Pressure coefficient in cavitation flow C.sub.P.sub.min = Pressure coefficient based on static pressure D = Drag force k = Unstable pressure factor L = Lifting force n = Comitting vorticity in a particular direction p = Pressure P = Effective pressure P.sub.crit = Critical pressure Pv = Vapour pressure r = Radio R.sub.0 = Core radius S = Surface tension T = Tension Effort u, v, w = Speed components U.sub.0 = Free flow rate v.sub.? = Peripheral component velocity. x, y, z = Coordinates ? = Angle of attack ?.sub.0 = Zero elevation angle ? = Circulation ? = Fictitious parameter ? = Kinematic viscosity ? = Density ? = Cavitation index ? = Total angular momentum per unit length ? = Vorticity

[0147] The above-discussed methods for achieving structured water having a high concentration of dissolved hydrogen in water that has long-term stability can be implemented via one or more water dispensing systems and methods described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 11-20.

[0148] An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a water dispensing system 200 schematically illustrated in FIG. 11. As shown in FIG. 11, the water dispensing system 200 may include a water supply source 10 and a water filtration system 200F. The water filtration system 200F may include a water filter 20, a reverse osmosis filter 30 and a disinfector 40. In one embodiment, the water supply source 10 may be from one or more sources. For example, separately or in combination, the water supply source 10 can be from one or more water supply networks and/or from the moisture in the air which could be condensed, collected, and used as water source. Nevertheless, the water supply source 10 can be any water supply source. One of the advantages of using atmospheric moisture as the water supply source 10 is that it allows the availability of water in absence of traditional sources such as rivers, water supply network, etc. In this kind of scenario, the condensation of atmospheric water becomes desirable, because only 0.025% of water in this world is drinkable. Therefore, in many areas around the world, where there is no access, or limited access, to traditional sources of water, this system is suitable, because the atmosphere has approximately 1.3?10.sup.13 liters of water, and part of it can be condensed for human consumption.

[0149] After obtaining the water from the water supply source 10, the water may be output to the water filter 20. The water filter 20 may include, for example, a sediment filter and/or a filter with any other compound that can aid in the filtration of undesirable components from the water source. Additionally or alternatively, the water filter 20 may include activated carbon. In one embodiment, the reverse osmosis filter 30 may be optional depending on the type or quality of water. For example, the reverse osmosis filter 30 may be used in cases where tap water is used as the water source. In one embodiment, after filtration by the water filter 20, the water may be directed to the reverse osmosis filter 30 and then to the disinfector 40 including an emission of ultraviolet (UV) light. In some embodiments, the disinfector 40 may comprise an ultraviolet (UV) lamp, but is not limited thereto and any suitable disinfection method may be used. Various different types of water filtering devices and disinfecting devices may be used in the water filtration system 200F depending on the quality and type of water source. In some embodiments, the water filtration system 200F may not be used if the quality of water is sufficient for outputting the structured water in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0150] Still referring to FIG. 11, the water dispensing system 200 may further include a structured water generator 60 coupled, directly or indirectly, to the water filtration system 200F and a mineral supply 50. As discussed above, the water filtration system 200F may purify the water received from the water supply source 10 via the water filter 20, the reverse osmosis filter 30, and the disinfector 40. Then the water may be output to the structured water generator 60 to change the energy structure of the water by agitation and cavitation.

[0151] In one embodiment, the structured water generator 60 may receive minerals dispensed from the mineral supply 50 and the purified water discharged from the disinfector 40 or water directly from the water supply source 10. In one embodiment, the mineral supply 50 may add minerals and additives to the water in the structured water generator 60 via a mineral input. The minerals and additives can include, but are not limited to, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), one or more amino acids selected from biotin (vitamin B7), folic acid (vitamin B9), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cobalamine (vitamin B12), L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, theanine, and the like, and any suitable metabolite of essential amino acids, such as hydroxymethylbutyrate or ?-hydroxy ?-methylbutyrate, and the like. One or more of these minerals and additives can be in the form of a water soluble salt selected from lactate, sulfate, selenite, halide, nitrate, acetate, hydroxides, and the like, but are not limited thereto, and any suitable anion safe for consumption and/or ingestion can be used. In certain other embodiments, various suitable cations can be used in conjunction with any suitable anion that is safe for consumption and/or ingestion. In certain other embodiments, the mineral is a lactate or a selenite. In certain other embodiments, the mineral is one or more selected from calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc lactate, copper lactate, sodium selenite, and the like. Suitable minerals that can be included in the water composition described herein are not limited, and any mineral or additive that is considered essential for the proper functioning of a human body and/or essential for life and/or considered essential trace elements and/or found in natural mineral water can be used provided the added minerals do not significantly affect the taste of the final beverage, and can include any mineral and/or additive described in the co-pending application.

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, the water dispensing system 200 may comprise a feeder and a discharger (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and explanation). The feeder can be any suitable means for feeding a fluid to the water dispensing system 200, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material. The discharger can be any suitable means for discharging a fluid from the water dispensing system 200, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material. One or more of the feeder and the discharger can be formed integrally with the other components in the water dispensing system 200 or can be formed separately and connected to the water dispensing system 200 through one or more connecting means. Non-limiting examples of connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.

[0153] Still referring to FIG. 11, the water dispensing system 200 may further include an a mineral reactor or a mineral reactor 52 and a mixer 54. For example, the mixer 54 may be a cyclone mixer, but is not limited thereto. Further, the mixer 54 may receive the filtered water from the water filtration system 200F or receive water directly from the water supply source 10, depending on the quality of the water necessary to perform the structuration in accordance with the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the mineral reactor 52 may output H.sub.2, MgO, and water to be input to the mixer 54. In one embodiment, the mixer 54 may receive, simultaneously or sequentially, one or more gases, including but not limited to hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the like, from a gas supply 80.

[0154] FIG. 12 shows one exemplary arrangement of the mineral reactor 52 and mixer 54 coupled to the structured water generator 60. In this embodiment, the mineral reactor 52 may include a container 52A, a motor 52D, a rotator (or rotary device) 52B, and a housing 52C. The rotator 52B may be a screw-type mixing device (or auger, drill, screw rod, etc.) attached to the motor 52D. Magnesium may be stored in the container 52A. The magnesium stored in the container 52A may be mixed with water by the rotator 52B, as shown in FIG. 12. The reactor (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and explanation) may then produce MgO and H.sub.2, which may then be sent to the mixer 54 to be mixed with minerals, additives, and/or additional H.sub.2, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0155] The speed of the mixer 54 (e.g., cyclone mixer) may depend on the desired amount and quality of water being processed in the structured water generator 60. In one embodiment, an average speed of the water in the cyclone mixer may be set at 10 meters/second and the pressure may be 45 psi. However, the speed and the pressure may be varied, based on Bernoulli's principle, depending on the desired amount of MgO and H.sub.2 output from the mineral reactor 52. Referring back to FIG. 11, the water from the mixer 54 may be output to the structured water generator 60 through a feeder described above. In one embodiment, the structured water generator 60 may include one or more blades that may be connected to a shaft that is connected to a speed amplifier. The speed amplifier may include a motor that rotates at high revolutions to generate a vortex in the water, which in turn produces cavitation and implosion, as described earlier in the present disclosure. This phenomenon allows water molecules to reach temperatures above about 5,000 degrees Kelvin (K), and depending on the energy generated during the implosion process, the temperature can be about 10,000 K or about 15,000 K, and the like, and, individually, any intervening temperatures. In one embodiment, the structured water generator 60 may comprise a rotating and translating housing structure that translates and rotates a helical-spiral-shaped housing to create the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes in the water contained in the helical-spiral-shaped housing. The movement of the rotating and translating housing structure is controlled by any suitable mechanism, including but not limited to actuators, such as a motor that transmits its movement through pulleys to the housing. The housing can be connected channels that direct the flow of the fluid, and lead it to perform rotational and translational movements with a frequency greater than about 300 Hz. These movements lead to a phase change of water into steam that generates the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes. The helical/spiral-shaped housing can be, but is not limited to, a tube in the form of a helix or spiral. Additional structural and mechanical details of the structured water generator 60 are later described in more detail.

[0156] The onset of cavitation is dependent on the coherent structure of directed flow, which is organized as paired vortex rings. In addition, cavitation/implosion is continuously found in the nucleus of the vortex, indicating a strong correlation between said cavitation/implosion and vortex dynamics. In the initial stage, the stretching of the vortex is the dominant factor, responsible for the growth of the vortex and the elliptical shape of the cavitation bubbles. Inside the water, the cavitation bubbles form an elliptical shape during the implosion process. The elliptical geometry of the imploding cavitation bubbles mirrors the elliptical flow of the fluid, and the cavitation and implosion process is aided by the elliptical geometry of the cavitation bubbles during the implosion process. In comparison, the dilation term could produce enhancement or suppression of local vorticity, depending on the volumetric variation induced by cavitation and, during the implosion stage, the bubble creates baroclinic vorticity and contributes to three-dimensional vorticity. The exposure to cavitation and/or implosion homogenizes the mixture of water, added minerals, additives and dissolved gases. Other processes that provide structuration or homogenize the mixture are ultrasonic mixing or exposure to a vacuum pressure difference, and can form a part of the devices and systems of this application.

[0157] Based on the periodic functioning of the implosion structure together with the temporal evolution of large eddies, vorticity can be separated into the following nine stages: initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion, and water restructuring.

[0158] The linear flow rate necessary to start the water restructuring process is in the range of about 30 m/s to 300 m/s. The linear flow rate can be any value or range within this range, including but not limited to the upper and lower limit and any acceptable variance.

[0159] Referring back to FIG. 11, the water dispensing system 200 may further include a magnetizer 70, a gas supply 80, a cooling system 90, and a dispensing module 100. As discussed above, in the structured water generator 60, minerals and/or additives may be added by the mineral supply 50, and MgO and H.sub.2 may be added by the mineral reactor 52. Additionally or alternatively, the gas supply 80 may provide H.sub.2 to the mixer 54. As described above, the mixer 54 (e.g., cyclone mixer) may mix, in addition to the H.sub.2 from the gas supply 80, H.sub.2 and MgO received from the mineral reactor 52, minerals and/or additives added from the mineral supply 50, and water received form the water filtration system 200F or the water supply source 10. The mixture from the mixer 54 may then be output to the structured water generator 60 to perform the structuration process in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0160] After the water leaves the structured water generator 60, the water may be then magnetized by the magnetizer 70 with, for example, neodymium magnets, then gases such as oxygen, hydrogen or carbon dioxide may be added, and the structured water may be cooled before being dispensed to a container for the final consumer.

[0161] In one embodiment, the magnetizer 70 may comprise any magnetization means that generates a magnetic field preferably strong enough to configure the magnetic field of the water in a desired orientation. Any suitable magnetization means can be used, including but not limited to magnets of metals, such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), rare earth metals, combinations and alloys thereof; naturally magnetic minerals that are called calamites that are composed mostly of iron; and/or electromagnets. In some embodiments, the magnetizer 70 may comprise neodymium magnets. The arrangement of magnets in the magnetizer is not limited, and any suitable arrangement can be used. In some exemplary embodiments, the magnetizer 70 aligns the water molecules by generating an electromagnetic field in a conductive material that produces magnetization by induction. In one embodiment, the cooling system 90 may be arranged to be part of a condenser and/or to maintain a suitable temperature for the structuration of water and/or to cool the final product before being discharged from the water dispensing system 200. Further, the cooling system 90 may comprise any suitable means for cooling a fluid, including but not limited an air-cooled system, a water-cooled system, a thermoelectric cooler, an electric cooler, and the like.

[0162] Still referring to FIG. 11, in addition to providing H.sub.2 to the mixer 54, the gas supply 80 may provide one or more gases such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof to the water discharged from the magnetizer 70. For example, CO.sub.2 may be provided to produce carbonated drinks (e.g., sparkling water), and oxygen may be added to provide more stable and longer lasting structured water. The gasified water may then be cooled by flowing through the cooling system 90 and dispensed through the dispensing module 100 and into a container (not shown in this figure for clarify of illustration). In one embodiment, the water dispensing system 200 may optionally include an additional disinfector 42. The additional disinfector 42 may be similar to the disinfector 40 described above. The disinfector 42 may disinfect or sterilize the water output from the magnetizer 70 before being input to the cooling system 90. All the elements may be controlled and energized by a power supply system (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration) and a controller 110. Each of components shown in FIG. 11 can be arranged in any order to facilitate the proper functioning of the water dispensing device, including being arranged sequentially as shown in FIG. 11.

[0163] FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a water dispensing system 300, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The water dispensing system 300 may include the same or similar components as describe in the water dispensing system 200 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. The descriptions of the same components shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 are omitted with respect to FIG. 13 for brevity and clarity of explanation. Still referring to FIG. 13, the water dispensing system 300 may include the water supply source 10 that may include, additionally or alternatively, a direct supply 11 from a water supply network and/or a condensing-collector 12, in which atmospheric moisture is condensed, collected and stored. In some embodiments, the water dispensing system 300 may use only one of the direct supply 11 or the condensing-collector 12. In other embodiments, the water dispensing system 300 may use both direct supply 11 and the condensing-collector 12 simultaneously, sequentially, or alternatively together, depending on the availability of water and/or desired amount of water to be processed by the structured water generator 60. The water dispensing system 300 including the water supply source 10 shown in FIG. 13 may operate in the similar manner as described in reference to the water dispensing system 200 in FIG. 11.

[0164] FIG. 14 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a water dispensing system 400, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The water dispensing system 400 may include the same or similar components as describe in the water dispensing systems 200 and 300 shown in FIGS. 11-13. The description of the same components shown in FIGS. 11-13 are omitted with respect to FIG. 14 for brevity and clarity of explanation. Still referring to FIG. 14, the water dispensing system 400 may include the gas supply 80 that may include, additionally or alternatively, a first gas supply module 81 and a second gas supply module 82 that may generate or store gases, including but not limited to, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen. The gas supply 80 may include means, structures or devices for producing (e.g., hydrogen generation cells, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Cells) or separating gases, such as electrolysis or other processes, and means for gas storage, such as cylinders or pressurized tanks. As described above, for example, CO.sub.2 may be provided to produce carbonated drinks (e.g., sparkling water), and oxygen may be added to the water to provide more stable and longer lasting structured water. The water dispensing system 400 including the gas supply 80 shown in FIG. 14 may operate in the similar manner as described in reference to the water dispensing systems 200 and 300 in FIGS. 11 and 12.

[0165] FIG. 15 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a water dispensing system 500, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The water dispensing system 500 may include the same or similar components as describe in the water dispensing systems 200-400 shown in FIGS. 11-14. The description of the same components shown in FIGS. 11-14 are omitted with respect to FIG. 15 for brevity and clarity of explanation. The water dispensing system 500 may include a condensing-collector 12 coupled, directly or indirectly, between the water filtration system 200F and the structured water generator 60. The condensing-collector 12, which condenses and collects atmospheric moisture, functions as a cooling system that sends condensed water from the air to the input of the water filter 20 through plumbing 121. In one embodiment, the condensing-collector 12 may provide water to the structured water generator 60 without being filtered by the water filtration system F. For example, in a desert location where the water in the atmosphere is likely to be clean without or with very little impurities or pollutants, the water condensed from the condensing-collector 12 may be sent directly to the structured water generator 60. The water dispensing system 500 including the additional condensing-collector 12 and plumbing 121 may operate in the similar manner as described in reference to the water dispensing systems 200-400 in FIGS. 11-14.

[0166] FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of one exemplary arrangement of the components of a water dispensing system 600. The water dispensing system 600 may include the same or similar components as describe in the water dispensing systems 200-500 shown in FIGS. 11-15, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The description of the same components shown in FIGS. 11-15 are omitted with respect to FIG. 16 for brevity and clarity of explanation. FIG. 16 shows the locations in the connection pipes where injection pumps P1, P2, and P3 can be located to drive the water under treatment to be discharged. The pumps P1, P2, and P3 may provide suitable pressures to communicate fluid (e.g., water) to and from various components of the water dispensing system 600. The arrangements of the injection pumps are not limited thereto, and any suitable arrangement can be used in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The water dispensing system 600 shown in FIG. 16 may operate in the similar manner as described in reference to the water dispensing systems 200-500 in FIGS. 11-15.

[0167] FIGS. 17A and 17B are illustrations of a water dispensing system 700, incorporating one or more aspects of the water dispensing systems 200-600 described in reference to FIGS. 11-16 above. FIG. 17A depicts a front view of the water dispensing system 700, and FIG. 17B depicts an exploded view of the water dispensing system 700. For the purpose of brevity and clarity of explanation, the water dispensing system 700 and its components will be described in reference to FIG. 17A hereinafter. As shown in FIG. 17A, the water dispensing system 700 may include a housing 701 and a water supply source 710 arranged adjacent to or coupled, directly or indirectly, to the housing 701. The water supply source 710 may be, for example, an atmospheric humidity collector, which condenses and collects the water contained in atmospheric humidity. In one embodiment, the atmospheric humidity collector can include a cooling system that uses radial or axial fans under thermoelectric coolers, or any other cooling means. The atmospheric humidity collector can alternatively or additionally comprise a fixed-bed steam absorption system that is filled with carbon nanotubes, fullerene and other allotropic forms of carbon that are connected to a helical condenser with a nozzle system that generates a difference in pressure that absorbs steam and improves the process of condensation.

[0168] In one embodiment, the water dispensing system 700 may include, for example, in the housing 701, a fluid storage 702, and a water filtration system 700F. In some embodiments, the water filtration system 700F may include, as disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, the water filter 20, the reverse osmosis filter 30, and/or the disinfector 40. Further, the water filtration system 700F may include, additionally or alternatively, a nanometric filter. Further, the water structuration system may include a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 752, a structured water generator 760, a mixer 754, and a mineral supply 750. The structured water generator 760 may also include a vortex structuring system (later described in detail in FIGS. 17C-G). The mineral supply 750 may include one or more pumps to maintain the homogeneity of the desired mineral mixture in the water.

[0169] In one embodiment, the water collected by the water supply source 710 (e.g., water supply source 10 and/or condensing-collector 12) may be fed, for example, to the fluid storage 702 in the housing 701, as shown in FIG. 17A. The collected or stored water in the fluid storage 702 may then be sent to the water filtration system 700F (e.g., the water filter 20, the reverse osmosis filter 30, the disinfector 40, and/or a nanometric filter) to filter or purify the water, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The structured water generator 760 may also receive minerals dispensed from the mineral supply 750. The mineral supply 750 may add minerals and/or additives to the water in the structured water generator 760 via a mineral input. The trace elements can include, but are not limited to, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), one or more amino acids selected from biotin (vitamin B7), folic acid (vitamin B9), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cobalamine (vitamin B12), L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, theanine, and the like, and any suitable metabolite of essential amino acids, such as hydroxymethylbutyrate or ?-hydroxy ?-methylbutyrate, and the like. The minerals and additives added to the system can be any one or more suitable minerals and additives, including but not limited to, any minerals and additives described in the co-pending application.

[0170] In one embodiment, the water dispensing system 700 may comprise a feeder and a discharger (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and explanation). The feeder can be any suitable means for feeding a fluid to the water dispensing system 700, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material. The discharger can be any suitable means for discharging a fluid from the water dispensing system 700, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material. One or more of the feeder and the discharger can be formed integrally with the other components in the water dispensing system 700 or can be formed separately and connected to the water dispensing system 700 through one or more connecting means. Non-limiting examples of connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.

[0171] Still referring to FIG. 17A, the filtered water from the water filtration system 700F may be provided to the mineral reactor 752 and the mixer 754. As described in the foregoing embodiments, the mineral reactor 752 may produce H.sub.2 and MgO to be sent to the structured water generator 760. As disclosed in reference to FIG. 12, the mineral reactor 752 may include the container 52A, the motor 52D, the rotator 52B, and a housing 52C. The rotator 52B may be a screw-type mixing device (or auger, drill, screw rod, etc.) attached to the motor 52D.

[0172] Magnesium may be stored in the container 52A. The magnesium stored in the container 52A may be mixed with water by the rotator 52B, as shown in FIG. 12. The reactor (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and explanation) may then produce MgO and H.sub.2, which may then be sent to the mixer 754 to be mixed with minerals, additives and/or additional H.sub.2, in accordance with the present disclosure. The speed of the mixer 754 (e.g., cyclone mixer) may depend on the desired amount and quality of the water being processed in the structured water generator 760. In one embodiment, an average speed of the water in the mixer 754 (e.g., cyclone mixer) may be set at 10 meters/second and the pressure may be 45 psi. However, the speed and the pressure may be varied, based on the Bernoulli's principle and the desired amount of MgO and H.sub.2 output from the mineral reactor 752.

[0173] In embodiments, the amount of minerals and/or additives added to the mineral reactor 752 and the minerals and/or additives received by the structured water generator 760 from the mineral supply 750 may vary to produce the structured water in accordance with this disclosure. For example, the amount of minerals and additives necessary for one 12 ounce bottle of water may be different from two 12 ounce bottles of water. As described in the foregoing embodiment, for example, one or more minerals and/or additives received by the structured water generator 760 from the mineral supply 750 can assist in inducing cavitation and/or agitation in the structured water generator 760.

[0174] The structuring process of the structured water generator 760 is described further in detail hereinafter. The water from the mixer 754 may be provided to the structured water generator 760 to change the energy structure of the water, by means of agitation and then exposed to cavitation, and subsequent implosion. As disclosed above, the mineral and additives may be added to the structured water generator 760 from the mineral supply 750. The addition of minerals, such as magnesium, improves the generation and/or retention of desired gases (e.g., hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) in the water.

[0175] The structured water generator 760 may be any device or means that can provoke sufficient cavitation, implosion and/or agitation in the water to induce structuration of the water. The structured water generator 760 may include, as described above, various input and output means to introduce apt-to-drink water, minerals and additives and elements that induce cavitation and/or agitation such as spinning device coupled to the structured water generator 760.

[0176] In one embodiment, the structured water generator 760 may comprise a rotating and translating device (i.e. a device that provides structuration to water) that translates and rotates a helical-spiral-shaped container containing water to generate the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes for structuring the water. FIGS. 17C-E show an exemplary implementation for the structured water generator 760 including the rotating and translating mechanism. As shown in FIG. 17C, the structured water generator 760 may include a housing (or a bracket or frame) 761. In or on the housing 761, the structured water generator 760 may include a motor 763, a first wheel 764, a second wheel 768, and a belt 765 that is fitted into the groove of each of the first wheel 764 and the second wheel 768, as shown in FIGS. 17C and 17D. The combination of the first wheel 764, the second wheel 768, and the belt 765 may be referred to as a rotation generator. The first wheel 764 and the second wheel 768 may have different diameters to multiply the speed or torque generated by the pully system. For example, the first wheel 764 may be a 6-inches wheel, and the second wheel may be a 4-inches wheel, but are not limited thereto, and any suitable size and number of wheels can be used in the rotation generator.

[0177] In one embodiment, the motor 763 that is coupled to the first wheel 764 that rotates to provide sufficient rotational and translational movements of the structured water generator 760 at a frequency greater than 300 Hz. These movements lead to a phase change from water into steam that generates the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the motor 763 may include, as shown in FIG. 17E, a rotation element 765A in a housing 766C of the motor 763. The rotation element 765A may include one or more magnets 766D that facilitates the rotation of the rotation element 765A. The motor 763 may include one or more coils for generating a magnetic field to generate rotational force against the one or more magnets 766D. The motor 763 may include a shaft 765B that may be connected to the first wheel 764 to rotate of the first wheel 764 for facilitating the structuration process in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0178] Referring back to FIG. 17C, the structured water generator 760 may comprise a conical-shaped (or spiral-shaped) container (or tank) 762 having an input opening 766, which may be coupled, directly or indirectly, to the mixer 754, structured water generator 760, mineral supply 750, and/or water supply source 710 to receive desired fluid and/or minerals to facilitate structuration of water in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The conical-shaped container 762 may be, for example, a helical-spiral-shaped tube (i.e. a tube that has the form of a helical spiral). The structured water generator 760 may comprise an output opening 769 to output structured water from the conical-shaped container 762. In one embodiment, the conical-shaped container 762 may have a capacity of 15 to 50 liters. The structured water generator 760 may include a shaft 767, which may include rods (or blades) that are connected to one or more internal surfaces of the conical-shaped container 762, as shown in FIG. 17C. The shaft 767 may be connected to the motor 763 that rotates at high revolutions to generate a vortex, which allows the water to produce the phenomenon of cavitation and consequently an implosion of each bubble generated in the conical-shaped container 762.

[0179] As shown in FIGS. 17C and 17D, the one or more screws and nuts, as well as other suitable fastening elements, may be utilized to securely arrange the components of the structured water generator 760 in the housing 761. That is, the components of the structured water generator 760 shown in FIGS. 17C an 17D may be attached or coupled to the housing 761 in the manner sufficient to support translational and rotational movements of the conical-shaped container 762 at high speeds. The translational and rotational movement will be described with reference to FIG. 20. The translational and rotational movements of the conical-shaped container 762 allows the water molecules in the conical-shaped container 762 to reach temperatures above 5000 K. In some embodiments, the temperatures could triple depending on the energy generated from the translation and rotational movements. The onset of cavitation exhibits a great dependence on the coherent structure of directed flow, which is organized as paired (or concentric) vortex rings shown in FIGS. 17F and 17G. In addition, cavitation/implosion may continuously occur in the nucleus of the vortex, indicating a strong correlation between said cavitation/implosion and vortex dynamics. In the initial stage, the stretching of the vortex may be the dominant factor, responsible for the growth of the vortex and the elliptical shape of the cavitation ring. In comparison, the dilation term could produce enhancement or suppression of local vorticity, depending on the volumetric variation induced by cavitation and, during the implosion stage, the bubbles create baroclinic vorticity and contribute to three-dimensional vorticity. The exposure to cavitation and/or implosion homogenize the mix. In one embodiment, structuration or homogenization of the mix may be achieved through ultrasonic mixing or exposure to a vacuum pressure difference. The periodic functioning of the implosion structure together with the temporal evolution of large eddies, vorticity may be separated into, for example, the following 9 stages: initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion and water restructuring. In one embodiment, the linear flow rate necessary to start the water restructuring process may be in the range between 30 m/s to 300 m/s.

[0180] Still referring to FIG. 17A, the water dispensing system 700 may include a magnetizer 770 and a dispensing module 705. The magnetizer 770 may include, for example, any means or device that generates a magnetic field sufficient to configure the magnetic field of the water in a desired manner. For example, the magnetizer 770 may include, but not limited thereto, neodymium magnets or other magnetization means, such as one, or a combination, of the following: magnets of metals such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and/or nickel (Ni); naturally magnetic minerals that are called calamites that are composed mostly of iron; and/or electromagnets. The arrangement of magnets of neodymium, or other materials may be arranged in the water dispensing system 700, is in accordance with the desired design or functionality of water dispensing system. Additionally or alternatively, the magnetizer 770 may align the water molecules by generating an electromagnetic field in a conductive material that produces magnetization by induction. After the water leaves the structured water generator 760, the water may be magnetized by the magnetizer 770 with neodymium magnets, then gases such as oxygen, hydrogen or carbon dioxide may be added, before being cooled and finally dispensed to a container for consumption.

[0181] Still referring to FIG. 17A, the water dispensing system 700 may include, in the housing 701, a gas supply including, for example, at least one of a H.sub.2 storage 706, an O2 storage 707, and a CO2 storage 708, a hydrogen generation cell 712, or a combination thereof. The water dispensing system 700 may also include a cooling system 790, a main control system 711, a compressor 709, and a UV filter 704.

[0182] In one embodiment, the gas supply (e.g., H.sub.2 storage 706, O.sub.2 storage 707, CO.sub.2 storage 708, and/or hydrogen generation cell 712) may add one or more gasses (e.g., oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof) to the water that may be treated by the structured water generator 760. In one embodiment, the gas supply may include means or structure (e.g., hydrogen generation cell 712) to perform separation of water into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen using electrolysis or other processes, and means or structure for gas storage, such as cylinders or pressurized tanks. In one embodiment, before the gas supply adds one or more gasses to the treated water, the UV filter 704 may disinfect or sterilize the structured water from processed from the structured water generator 760. Additionally, the water may be cooled by the cooling system 790 before being dispensed for consumption by the dispensing module 705. The cooling system 790 can also be used to cool the water supplied to the structured water generator 760 to a temperature of 4? C.

[0183] As described above, FIG. 17B depicts an exploded view of the water dispensing system 700 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 17B illustrates one exemplary arrangement of the components of the water dispensing system 700. Of course, other arrangements of the components may be possible to facilitate the desired operation of the water dispensing system 700. Since the water dispensing system 700 shown in FIG. 17B includes the same or similar components as describe in the water dispensing system 700 shown in FIG. 17A, the descriptions of the same components shown in FIG. 17A are omitted accordingly for brevity and clarity of explanation. In embodiments, the water dispensing system 700 of FIGS. 17A and 17B may comprise various feeders and/or dischargers coupled to various components of the water dispensing system 700 shown in FIG. 17B, to facilitate operation of the water dispensing system 700, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The feeders can be any suitable means for providing fluids, minerals, and/or other materials necessary to facilitate operation of the water dispensing system 700, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material. The dischargers can be any suitable means for discharging fluids, minerals, and/or other materials necessary to facilitate operation of the water dispensing system 700, including but not limited to a pipe, a tube, a valve, a connecting part, and the like, and can be made of any suitable material. One or more of the feeder and the discharger can be formed integrally with the water dispensing system 700 or can be formed separately and connected to the water dispenser through a connecting means. Non-limiting examples of connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.

[0184] FIGS. 18A and 18B are illustrations of a large-scale water dispensing system 800. In one embodiment, the water dispensing system 800 may include a water filtration system 800F, a housing 801, a fluid storage 802, a UV filter 804, a dispenser 805, an H.sub.2 storage 806, an O.sub.2 storage 807, CO.sub.2 storage 808, a hydrogen generating 809, a water supply source 810, a main control system 811, a hydrogen generation cell 812, a mineral supply 850, a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 852, a mixer 854, a structured water generator 860, a magnetizer 870, and a cooling system 890. Although the size, shape, and placement (or arrangement) of the components shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B may be different from the components of the water dispensing system 700 shown in FIGS. 17A-E, the components of the water dispensing systems 700 and 800 are scalable and modifiable to yield the same structured water in accordance with the present disclosure. As such, the detailed descriptions of each of the components of the water dispensing system 800 are omitted with respect to FIGS. 18A and 18B for brevity. FIG. 18A is a perspective of the large-scale water dispensing system 800, and FIG. 18B is a top down view of the large-scale water dispensing system 800.

[0185] FIGS. 19A and 19B are illustrations of a compact version of a water dispensing system 900, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the water dispensing system 900 may include a water filtration system 900F, a housing 901, a fluid storage 902, a UV filter 904, a dispenser 905, an H.sub.2 storage 906, an O.sub.2 storage 907, CO.sub.2 storage 908, a water supply source 910, a main control system 911, a hydrogen generation cell 912, a mineral supply 950, a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 903, a mixer 951, a structured water generator 960, a magnetizer 970, and a cooling system 990. Although the size, shape, and placement (or arrangement) of the components shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B may be different from the components of the water dispensing systems 700 and 800 shown in FIGS. 17A-E and 18A-B, the components of the water dispensing systems 700-900 are scalable and modifiable to yield the same structured water in accordance with the present disclosure. As such, the detailed descriptions of each of the components of the water dispensing system 900 are omitted with respect to FIG. 19A for brevity. FIG. 19A is an exploded view of the compact water dispensing system 900, and FIG. 19B is a perspective view of the large-scale water dispensing system 800.

[0186] FIGS. 19B and 19C illustrate the components of the water dispensing system 900 and the water supply source 910. The components in the water supply source 910 may be incorporated into the water supply sources of the systems 200-800 in FIGS. 11-18B, in accordance with the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the water supply source 910 may be a condensation and extraction system. When the water supply comes from moisture in the environment, the water supply source 910 can comprise an optimized condensation system with an extraction system that allows capturing water from the atmosphere by two main elements, a condensation system and an extraction system.

[0187] The water supply source 910 may include a condensation system housing 930, a cooling system 932, and a steam absorber 933, and a condenser 934. In one embodiment, the cooling system 932 may be a semiconductor-based electronic component that functions as a small heat pump based on the Peltier effect. By applying a low DC electrical voltage to it, one side of the device will be cooled while the other side will be heated simultaneously. This device is used to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of the module and improves the heat transfer rate (i.e. increases the ability of heat transfer). The steam absorber 933 may be a fixed-bed steam absorber, which absorbs steam, that is filled with carbon nanotubes, fullerene and other allotropic forms of carbon that are connected to the condenser 934. The condenser 934 may be a helical-spiral-shaped housing, and the condenser 934 may be connected to a nozzle system 935, which improves the process of condensation. In one embodiment when a helical-spiral-shaped housing is used as the condenser 934, the cooling system 932 (e.g., thermoelectric cooler) can alternatively be attached to the condenser 934 (e.g., helical-spiral-shaped housing) for allowing a better arrangement of the thermoelectric cells. The condenser 934 (e.g., helical-spiral-shaped housing) can be located above an air flow that is injected by an extractor for condensation. The water supply source 910 may also include an air extractor 936, and a storage container 937.

[0188] FIG. 20 is a cutaway view of area 2000A of the water dispensing system 700, and shows the attachment of the structured water generator 760 to the water dispensing system 700, and illustrates the movement of the various parts, for example, the conical-shaped (or spiral-shaped) container (or tank) 762, during the cavitation process. For example, as shown in FIG. 20, the water dispensing system 700 includes a primary fastening system 2001, a rotation element 2065A, an input opening 2066, one or more magnets 2066D (high energy solid), a housing 2066C for the rotation element 2065A, a secondary fastening system 2006, and a sealer 2007. In an exemplary embodiment, the primary fastening system 2001 is a mechanical temporary fixing device that, by means of a torsional force, is responsible for joining the housing 2066C and the sealer 2007. The rotation element 2065A guides the rotational movement of the one or more magnets 2066D by conveying torque and force. The input opening 2066 includes a hole for injecting fluid, minerals and/or additives into the apparatus. The input opening 2066 is not limited, and any suitable input for materials to be added to the water dispensing system can be used.

[0189] The one or more magnets 2066D (high energy solid) are responsible for displacing fluid inside the structured water generator 760 at high speeds, which generates turbulent flow and current trajectories that can be derived in circular and helical forms, thereby generating an empty area where high pressures and high temperatures can be found inside the structured water generator 760. The one or more magnets 2066D (high energy solid) along with the sealer 2007 are also responsible for avoiding leaks produced at high pressures, which prevents depressurization and ensures a hermetic system within the water dispensing system 700, including the structured water generator 760, while also providing rigidity to the system. The secondary fastening system 2006 is a mechanical element that allows for the containment and fixing of removable elements.

[0190] As disclosed on the foregoing embodiments, when the water supply is not suitable for consumption, embodiments of the water dispensing systems of the present disclosure may include one or more filters or disinfectors. Non-limiting examples of filters include inverse osmosis filters, reverse osmosis filters, activated carbon, filters that contain activated carbon, and the like. Any suitable filter or device can be used. Non-limiting examples of disinfectors include ultra-violet light emission, ozone sources, and/or chemical disinfectants, including but not limited to chlorine. However, the use of chemical disinfectants is not preferred, as they can be harmful to health, or the consumer can prefer water without said chemicals.

[0191] In another exemplary embodiment, the water dispensing systems of the present disclosure can include an ion exchange filter that extracts any undesirable ions from various metallic compounds. For example, in one embodiment, the ion exchange filter can be selected to remove carbonates from the water source. Such carbonates are hard water salts that can form undesirable lime deposits on the interior walls of the various components of the water dispensing system. The ion exchange filter is not limited, and any suitable ion exchange filter can be used.

[0192] In one embodiment, the water dispensing systems of the present disclosure can additionally include cation exchange membranes when the water dispensing device includes a reverse osmosis filter to remove salts from the water being processed therein.

[0193] FIG. 21 depicts a flowchart of an exemplary method 2100 for producing structured water by a water dispensing system, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The water dispensing system performing the method 2100 may utilize any of the systems and components described above in reference to FIGS. 11-20 to produced structured water in accordance with the present disclosure. At step 2102, a water dispensing system device of the present disclosure may receive water via a water supply source. In one embodiment, the water supply source may be include a condenser, which may generate water from humidity in the atmosphere. In one embodiment, the water received via the water supply source may be filtered by a water filtration system. At step 2104, the water from the water supply source may be transferred to a structured water generator. In one embodiment, the water may also be transferred to a mixer and/or a mineral reactor (e.g., MgPLUS unit). The water transferred to the structured water generator, mixer, and/or the mineral reactor may be from the water supply source and/or from the water filtration system. In one embodiment the mineral reactor may generate MgO and H.sub.2 from the received water. At step 2106, the mixer, the mineral reactor, and/or a gas supply may transfer hydrogen to the structured water generator. In one embodiment, the mixer may mix MgO and H.sub.2 received from the mineral reactor with the filtered water received from the water filtration system. In one embodiment, the mixer may mix any suitable water that does not require filtration with MgO and H.sub.2 received from the mineral reactor. In one embodiment, the mixer may mix any suitable water and H.sub.2 received from a gas supply. In some embodiments, the mixer may mix, with any suitable water, MgO and H.sub.2 received from the mineral reactor and H.sub.2 received from a gas supply. In one embodiment, a mineral supply may transfer one or more minerals and/or additives to the structured water generator. For example, the minerals and/or additives may be the same as disclosed in the foregoing embodiments.

[0194] Still referring to FIG. 21, at step 2108, the structured water generator may generate structured water by inducing cavitation and agitation in the water transferred to the structured water generator. In one embodiment, the water may be transferred to the structured water generator from the water received from the water supply source, the water filtration system and/or a fluid mixture may be received from the mixer. In one embodiment, the cavitation and agitation may be generated by a vortex generator of the structured water generator. The vortex generator may be configured to rotate at, for example, 3600 rpm to generate an average linear speed of water of about 30 m/s to about 60 m/s, and preferably 50 m/s. Further, the vortex generator may be configured to maintain an internal pressure that is less than 2 kPa absolute. In another embodiment, the vortex generator may be configured to generate an average linear speed of water at 10 m/s, and may be configured to maintain an internal pressure of 45 psi. In one embodiment, the structured water generator may structurize the filtered water received from the water filtration system and/or the fluid mixture received from the mixer. Alternatively, the structured water generator may structurize only the fluid mixture received from the mixer. In one embodiment, structured water generator may structurize any suitable water received from the water supply source, water filtration system, and/or the mixer with one or more minerals received from the mineral supply.

[0195] At step 2110, a magnetizer may magnetize the structured water output from the structured water generator. In one embodiment, the magnetizer may generate a magnetic field to rearrange the molecules in the structured water to be close to each other to yield a better tasting and longer lasting structured water. In one embodiment, a UV filter may disinfect or sterilize the structured water that is magnetized and/or the gas supply may add one or more gases to the structured water that is magnetized. For example, the one or more gases may include oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a cooling system may cool the structured water that is magnetized to a desired temperature. At step 2112, a dispenser may dispense the structured water that is magnetized to a user.

[0196] In one embodiment, a main control system may automatically or manually facilitate the water structuration method in accordance with the present disclosure, including method 2100. For example, the water dispensing system of the present disclosure may include one or more user interfaces. The user interfaces may be a display, knob, button, lever, touchscreen, and/or any other suitable input terminal configured to receive user inputs for initiating the water structuration process of the present disclosure. The main control system may be connected, directly or indirectly, to the components of the water dispensing system of the present disclosure to facilitate electrical and mechanical control and/or actuation of the components of the water dispensing system for performing the structuring and dispensing of the structured water. The main control system may include one or more processors and instructions executable by the one or more processors that may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Therefore, whenever a computer and/or processor (e.g., automated or manual control of the water dispensing system by a control system) implemented method is described in this disclosure, this disclosure shall also be understood as describing a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, configure and/or cause the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable medium include RAM, ROM, solid-state storage media (e.g., solid state drives), optical storage media (e.g., optical discs), and magnetic storage media (e.g., hard disk drives). A non-transitory computer-readable medium may be part of the memory of a computer system or separate from any computer system.

[0197] The structured water dispensed from the device described in this application is fully described in the co-pending application, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

[0198] As various changes could be made in the above methods and compositions without departing from the scope of the disclosure, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. Any numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, constituents, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification are to be interpreted as encompassing the exact numerical values identified herein, as well as being modified in all instances by the term about. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth, the broad scope of the subject matter presented herein are approximations, the numerical values set forth are indicated as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, may inherently contain certain errors or inaccuracies as evident from the standard deviation found in their respective measurement techniques. None of the features recited herein should be interpreted as invoking 35 U.S.C. ? 112, paragraph 6, unless the term means is explicitly used.