Valve assembly for a refrigerant circuit

Abstract

A valve assembly for a refrigerant circuit, having at least two ball valves, which each have a ball as a control element and an actuator for adjusting the associated ball, and also a refrigerant circuit having heat pump functionality for a vehicle having such a valve assembly.

Claims

1. A valve assembly for a refrigerant circuit, comprising: precisely two ball valves, which each have a ball as a control element and an actuator for adjusting the associated ball, an indirect condenser with a first check valve arranged at a downstream side thereof, and a condenser with a second check valve arranged at a downstream thereof, wherein the two ball valves are each embodied as three-way valves, which can have bidirectional through flow, having three connectors, wherein a first ball of a first ball valve has a T-shaped hole, which permits flow alternately through two connectors of the three connectors and blocking of one connector of the three connectors or flow simultaneously through the three connectors, wherein a second ball of a second ball valve has an L-shaped hole and only two connections, which permits flow alternately through two connectors of the three connectors and blocking of one connector of the three connectors or blocking of the three connectors, wherein the valve assembly is configured to, during a cooling operating mode, control switching of the first ball valve to connect the condenser to a high-pressure side of a compressor, thereby flowing the condenser, and control switching of the second ball valve to connect the indirect condenser to a suction side of the compressor, whereby switching of the first ball valve prevents inflow to the indirect condenser, the first check valve blocks at least the downstream side of the indirect condenser, and the indirect condenser is aspirated through an upstream side thereof by the compressor via the second ball valve, and wherein the valve assembly is further configured to, during a heating operating mode, control switching of the first ball valve to connect the indirect condenser to the high-pressure side of the compressor, thereby flowing the indirect condenser, and control switching of the second ball valve to connect the condenser to the suction side of the compressor, whereby switching of the first ball valve prevents inflow to the condenser, the second check valve blocks the downstream side of the condenser, and the condenser is aspirated through an upstream side thereof by the compressor via the second ball valve.

2. The valve assembly according to claim 1, wherein the two ball valves each have a valve block having flow ducts, in which the connectors are formed and the balls are mounted in a rotationally movable manner.

3. The valve assembly according to claim 1, wherein a first connecting block having a first connecting part connects a second connector of the first ball valve to a second connector of the second ball valve, and a second connecting block having a second connecting part connects a third connector of the first ball valve to a third connector of the second ball valve.

4. The valve assembly according to claim 1, wherein the valve assembly is further configured to, during a filling or flushing operation, control switching of the first ball valve to connect both the condenser and the indirect condenser to the high-pressure side of the compressor such that blocking by the second ball valve prevents aspiration of both the condenser and the indirect condenser.

5. The valve assembly according to claim 3, wherein a first connector of the first ball valve is connected to a first fluid connector of the valve assembly and a first connector of the second ball valve is connected to a second fluid connector of the valve assembly, and the first connecting part has a third fluid connector of the valve assembly and the second connecting part has a fourth fluid connector of the valve assembly.

6. The valve assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first ball has two half holes and one through hole.

7. The valve assembly according to claim 6, wherein the axes of the two half holes and the through hole are each perpendicular to one another and meet in the ball center.

8. The valve assembly according to claim 5, wherein the first ball has two half holes and one through hole, wherein the first ball connects the first connector to the second connector and blocks the third connector in a first switch position of the first ball valve and connects the first connector to the second connector and to the third connector in a second switch position of the first ball valve and connects the first connector to the third connector and blocks the second connector in a third switch position of the first ball valve.

9. The valve assembly according to claim 8, wherein the first ball valve has compensation means, which provide a defined minimum flow cross section for the fluid flow during a switchover procedure between two switch positions.

10. The valve assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second ball has two half holes.

11. The valve assembly according to claim 10, wherein the axes of the two half holes are perpendicular to one another and meet in the ball center.

12. The valve assembly according to claim 5, wherein the second ball has two half holes, wherein the second ball connects the first connector to the second connector and blocks the third connector in a first switch position of the second ball valve and blocks the first connector and the second connector and the third connector in a second switch position of the second ball valve and connects the first connector to the third connector and blocks the second connector in a third switch position of the second ball valve.

13. A motor vehicle comprising a refrigerant circuit with the valve assembly according to claim 1.

14. The refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, wherein a first fluid connector of the valve assembly is connected to the high-pressure side of the compressor, a second fluid connector of the valve assembly is connected to the suction-pressure side of the compressor, a third fluid connector of the valve assembly is connected to the condenser, and a fourth fluid connector of the valve assembly is connected to the indirect condenser.

15. The refrigerant circuit according to claim 1, wherein the two ball valves are switched over in a predetermined sequence to change between the operating modes of the refrigerant circuit.

16. The valve assembly according to claim 2, wherein a first connecting block having a first connecting part connects a second connector of the first ball valve to a second connector of the second ball valve, and a second connecting block having a second connecting part connects a third connector of the first ball valve to a third connector of the second ball valve.

17. The valve assembly according to claim 2, wherein the valve blocks are formed as manifolds in which the flow ducts and the connectors are formed.

18. The valve assembly according to claim 3, wherein the first connecting block is formed as a first manifold in which the first connecting part is formed and the second connecting block is formed as a second manifold in which the second connecting part is formed.

19. The valve assembly according to claim 4, wherein the shared fluid block is formed as a manifold in which the flow ducts, the connectors, the first connecting part, and the second connecting part are formed.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawing and are explained in greater detail in the following description. In the drawing, identical reference signs identify components or elements which execute identical or similar functions. In the figures:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a refrigerant circuit according to the invention for a vehicle having heat pump functionality,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a valve assembly according to the invention for the refrigerant circuit from FIG. 1,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective illustration of the valve assembly according to the invention from FIG. 2 from above,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective illustration of the valve assembly according to the invention from FIGS. 2 and 3 from below,

(6) FIG. 5 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a first ball of a first ball valve of the valve assembly according to the invention from FIGS. 2 to 4, and

(7) FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a second ball of a second ball valve of the valve assembly according to the invention from FIGS. 2 to 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(8) As is apparent from FIG. 1, a refrigerant circuit 1 for a vehicle having heat pump functionality has, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, a compressor 3, a condenser 5, an indirect condenser 7, chiller 8, an evaporator 9, two expansion elements EO1, EO2, and a valve assembly 10 according to the invention having at least two ball valves 20, 30, via which various operating modes of the refrigerant circuit 1 are settable. The individual components of the refrigerant circuit 1 are interconnected with one another as illustrated.

(9) As is apparent from FIGS. 1 to 6, the valve assembly 10 for the refrigerant circuit 1 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment has two ball valves 20, 30, which each have a ball 24, 34 as a control element and an actuator 28, 38 for adjusting the associated ball 24, 34. According to the invention, both ball valves 20, 30 are each embodied as three-way valves, which can have bidirectional through flow, having three connectors A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2. For this purpose, a first ball 24 of a first ball valve 20 has a T-shaped hole 26, which permits flow alternately through two connectors A1, B1; A1, C1 of the three connectors A1, B1, C1 and blocking of one connector B1, C1 of the three connectors A1, B1, C1 or a simultaneous flow through the three connectors A1, B1, C1. A second ball 34 of a second ball valve 30 has an L-shaped hole 36, which enables flow alternately through two connectors A2, B2; A2, C2 of the three connectors A2, B2, C2 and blocking of one connector B2, C2 of the three connectors A2, B2, C2 or blocking of the three connectors A2, B2, C2.

(10) As is furthermore apparent in particular from FIGS. 3 and 4, the ball valves 20, 30 each have a valve block 22, 32 having flow ducts, in which the connectors A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2 are formed and the balls 24, 34 are mounted in a rotationally movable manner. A first connecting block 12 having a first T-shaped connecting part 12.1 connects a second connector B1 of the first ball valve 20 to a second connector B2 of the second ball valve 30. Moreover, a second connecting block 14 having a second T-shaped connecting part 14.1 connects a third connector C1 of the first ball valve 20 to a third connector C2 of the second ball valve 30. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the first connecting block 12, the second connecting block 14, the first valve block 22, and the second valve block 32 are screwed together with one another via screw connections (not shown). In alternative exemplary embodiments (not shown), the first connecting block 12, the second connecting block 14, the first valve block 22, and the second valve block 32 can alternatively be combined completely or partially into one common fluid block. As is furthermore apparent from FIGS. 3 and 4, the actuators 28, 38 are embodied as positioning motors, which are coupled via shafts (not shown in greater detail) to the balls 24, 34. Via the shafts, the respective actuator 28, 38 can rotate the associated ball 24, 34 around its axis of rotation into the various switch positions.

(11) As is furthermore apparent from FIG. 2 in particular, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment of the valve assembly 10, a first connector A1 of the first ball valve 20 is connected to a first fluid connector P1 of the valve assembly 10. A first connector A2 of the second ball valve 30 is connected to a second fluid connector P2 of the valve assembly 10. Moreover, the first T-shaped connecting part 12.1 has a third fluid connector P3 of the valve assembly 10, and the second T-shaped connecting part 14.1 has a fourth fluid connector P4 of the valve assembly 10.

(12) As is furthermore apparent from FIG. 5, the first ball 24 has two half holes 26.1, 26.2 and one through hole 26.3. The axes of the two half holes 26.1, 26.2 and the through hole 26.3 are each perpendicular to one another and meet in the ball center.

(13) As is furthermore apparent from FIG. 6, the second ball 34 has two half holes 36.1, 36.2. The axes of the two half holes 36.1, 36.2 are perpendicular to one another and meet in the ball center.

(14) As is furthermore apparent from FIG. 2, the first ball 24 connects the first connector A1 to the second connector B1 and blocks the third connector C1 in a first switch position of the first ball valve 20. In a current second switch position of the first ball valve 20, the first ball 24 connects the first connector A1 to the second connector B1 and to the third connector C1. In a third switch position of the first ball valve 20, the first ball 24 connects the first connector A1 to the third connector C1 and blocks the second connector B1. The first connector A1 thus acts as an inlet opening and the second connector B1 and the third connector C1 each act as an outlet opening. In this case, the first connector A1 is connected to an opening of a first half hole 26.1 independently of the switch position. The second connector B1 is connected in the first switch position to an opening of a second half hole 26.2 and in the second switch position to an opening of the through hole 26.3. The third connector C1 is connected in the third switch position to the opening of the second half hole 26.2 and in the second switch position to an opening of the through hole 26.3.

(15) As is furthermore apparent from FIG. 2, the second ball 34 connects the first connector A2 to the second connector B2 and blocks the third connector C2 in a first switch position of the second ball valve 30. In a current second switch position of the second ball valve 30, the second ball 34 blocks the first connector A2 and the second connector B2 and the third connector C2. In a third switch position of the second ball valve 30, the second ball 34 connects the first connector A2 to the third connector C2 and blocks the second connector B2.

(16) As is furthermore apparent from FIG. 1, the first fluid connector P1 of the valve assembly 10 is connected to a high-pressure side of the compressor 3. The second fluid connector P2 of the valve assembly 10 is connected to a suction-pressure side of the compressor 3, wherein a check valve RSV is arranged between the second fluid connector P2 and the compressor 3. The third fluid connector P3 of the valve assembly 10 is connected to a first connector of the condenser 5. The fourth fluid connector P4 of the valve assembly 10 is connected to a first connector of the indirect condenser 7. As is furthermore apparent from FIG. 1, a second connector of the condenser 5 is connected via a check valve RSV to a first connector of the expansion element EO, which is embodied as an expansion valve. A second connector of the indirect condenser 5 is also connected via a check valve RSV to the first connector of the expansion element EO. A second connector of the expansion element EO is connected to a first connector of the evaporator. A second connector of the evaporator 9 is connected to the suction-pressure side of the compressor 3.

(17) A cooling operating mode of the refrigerant circuit 1 is set via a first combined switch position of the two ball valves 20, 30, in which the first ball valve 20 is in its first switch position and the second ball valve 30 is in its third switch position. Therefore, in the cooling operating mode, the first connector of the condenser 5 is connected to the high-pressure side of the compressor 3 and has flow through it. At the same time, the first connector of the indirect condenser 7 is connected to the suction-pressure side of the compressor 3 and is aspirated by this compressor. Alternatively, a heating operating mode of the refrigerant circuit 1 is set via a second combined switch position of the two ball valves 20, 30, in which the first ball valve 20 is in its third switch position, and the second ball valve 30 is in its first switch position. Therefore, in the heating operating mode, the first connector of the indirect condenser 7 is connected to the high-pressure side of the compressor and has flow through it. At the same time, the first connector of the condenser 5 is connected to the suction-pressure side of the compressor 3 and aspirated thereby. A simultaneous flow through the condenser 5 and the indirect condenser 7 is set via a third combined switch position of the two ball valves 20, 30, in which the first ball valve 20 is in its second switch position, and the second ball valve 30 is also in its second switch position. A refrigerant filling or a flushing of various paths of the refrigerant circuit 1 can be set via further combined switch positions of the two ball valves 20, 30. To avoid undesired combined switching states of the two ball valves 20, 30, the ball valves 20, 30 are switched over in a predetermined sequence in order to change between the operating modes of the refrigerant circuit 1. The combined switch positions of the two ball valves 20, 30 are preferably adapted to one another in such a way that, for example, a combined switch position of the two valves 20, 30 is not possible, in which only the indirect condenser 7 has flow through it via the first ball valve 20 and simultaneously the indirect condenser 7 is aspirated via the second ball valve 30, or in which only the condenser 5 has flow through it via the first ball valve 20 and the condenser 5 is aspirated simultaneously via the second ball valve 30. Embodiments of the refrigerant circuit 1 advantageously enable a change of the operating mode without the compressor 3 having to be switched off. For this purpose, the first ball valve 20 has compensation means 26.4 (not shown in greater detail), which provide a defined minimum flow cross section for the fluid flow during a switchover procedure between two switch positions. The first ball 24 can thus have bypass channels, for example, which are introduced as grooves and/or notches into a jacket of the first ball 24, between the opening of the second half hole 26.2 and the openings of the through hole 26.3. At least a defined minimum flow cross section is thus ensured for the fluid through flow at every point in time during the ball rotation from the first switch position via the second switch position to the third switch position and vice versa. In this case, the bypass channels fluidically connect the two openings of the through hole 26.3 to the opening of the second half hole 26.2. The effective minimum flow cross section during the rotation procedure may be influenced by variation of depth and/or width of the bypass channels. Additionally or alternatively, at least the openings of the through hole 26.3 and the opening of the second half hole 26.2 can each have a larger diameter than the second connector B1 and the third connector C1. In addition to the two design measures just described, instead of a complete shutdown of the compressor 3, the option suggests itself from a system aspect of restricting the output of the compressor 3 during switchover procedures and thus not generating impermissible high-pressure peaks in the system in spite of constricted flow cross section with running compressor 3.

(18) The change from the cooling operating mode to the heating operating mode will now be described by way of example. As already stated above, in the cooling operating mode of the refrigerant circuit 1, the first ball valve 20 is in its first switch position and the second ball valve 30 is in its third switch position. The condenser 5 thus has through flow and the indirect condenser 7 is aspirated. The second ball valve 30 is now switched over into its second switch position, in which all connectors A2, B2, C2 of the second ball valve are blocked, so that no further refrigerant is aspirated. The first ball valve 20 is then switched over into its second switch position, in which the condenser 5 and the indirect condenser 7 can have through flow. Subsequently, the first ball valve 20 is switched over into its third switch position, in which exclusively the indirect condenser 7 has through flow. The second switch valve 30 is then switched over into its first switch position, in which the condenser 5 is aspirated.