Substrate provided with a stack having thermal properties and an absorbent layer

Abstract

A substrate coated on one of its faces with a stack of thin layers having reflection properties in the infrared and/or in solar radiation, including two metallic functional layers, in particular on the basis of silver. Each of the metallic functional layers is disposed between two dielectric coatings. The coating includes at least two absorbent layers which absorb solar radiation in the visible part of the spectrum, which is disposed at least in two different dielectric coatings.

Claims

1. A substrate coated with a stack of thin layers forming a functional coating which is constructed and arranged to act on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation, said functional coating comprising: two metallic functional layers comprising silver, each disposed between two dielectric material based coatings that each have a total thickness that is predominantly attributed to one or more dielectric materials, so as to comprise at least the sequence of layersfirst dielectric material based coating Di1/first metallic functional layer F1/second dielectric material based coating Di2/second metallic functional layer F2/third dielectric material based coating Di3-starting from the substrate, each dielectric material based coating comprising at least one layer of dielectric material, at least two absorbent layers, each of which absorbs in the visible region, wherein each of the at least two absorbent layers is respectively selected from a layer consisting of a material selected from the group consisting of NbN, TiN, NiCrN, SnZnN, ZrN, Ti, NiCr, Nb and a mixture thereof, each absorbent layer of the at least two absorbent layers being disposed in a different dielectric material based coating, wherein a first absorbent layer of the at least two absorbent layers is displosed in the first dielectric material based coating Di1 and a second absorbent layer of the at least two absorbent layers is disposed in the second dielectric material based coating Di2, wherein each absorbent layer is separated from each of the two metallic functional layers by at least one dielectric layer, and wherein a geometric thickness of all dielectric layers separating each absorbent layer from each metallic functional layer is greater than or equal to 5 nm, and wherein a geometric thickness of the first absorbent layer is greater than a geometric thickness of the second absorbent layer.

2. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second absorbent layer located in the second dielectric material based coating Di2 is surrounded on both sides and in contact with layers of dielectric material chosen from silicon and/or aluminum nitride based layers.

3. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the stack comprises dielectric coating Di1a/first absorbent layer A1/dielectric coating Di1b/first metallic functional layer F1/dielectric coating Di2a/second absorbent layer A2/dielectric coating Di2b/second metallic functional layer F2/dielectric coating Di3, wherein the dielectric coating Di2a located under the second absorbent layer A2 has an optical thickness that is less than an optical thickness of dielectric coating Di2b located on the second absorbent layer A2.

4. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the coated substrate exhibits a light transmission of less than 60%.

5. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein, in an Outside/6-mm-thick clear glass/stack/15-mm 90% Ar gap/6-mm-thick clear glass/Inside configuration, a light transmission is comprised between 25 and 45%.

6. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the coated substrate exhibits, in an Outside/6-mm-thick clear glass/stack/15-mm 90% Ar gap/6-mm-thick clear glass/Inside configuration, a selectivity greater than 1.4.

7. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the uncoated face of the substrate is intended to form the outside of a glazing, a light reflection on an outside, in an Outside/6-mm-thick clear glass/stack/15-mm 90% Ar gap/6-mm-thick clear glass/Inside configuration, being less than 20%.

8. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the functional coating comprises a metallic blocking layer deposited on at least one of the two metallic functional layers.

9. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the functional coating comprises a blocking metallic layer deposited under at least one of the two metallic functional layers.

10. The coated substrate according to claim 1, the two dielectric coatings comprise at least one layer of nitride-based dielectric material and at least one layer of oxide-based dielectric material, the nitride-based layer being in contact with the absorbent layer.

11. A double glazing comprising two transparent substrates, wherein a transparent substrate forming an outer pane of the glazing is a substrate according to claim 1.

12. The coated substrate according to claim 4, wherein the light transmission is less than 50%.

13. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein the coated substrate exhibits a light transmission between 25% and 60%.

14. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein a ratio between an absorption thickness of the first absorbent layer to an absorption thickness of the second absorbent layer is greater than 1 and lower than equal to 5.0, wherein the absorption thickness of a layer is defined as X*(k/n), wherein X is a geometric thickness of the layer, n is the real part of an optical index of the layer and k is the imaginary part of the optical index of the layer.

15. The coated substrate according to claim 1, wherein a total part of the second dielectric material based coating Di2 under the second absorbent layer has an optical thickness less than an optical thickness of a total part of the second dielectric coating (Di2b) located on the second absorbent layer.

Description

EXAMPLES

Example 1

(1) Table 1 below shows the geometric thicknesses in nanometers of each of the layers of stacks produced for the comparative examples (C1 to C4) and according to the invention (Examples 1a to 1h). The stacks produced seek to achieve an LT of the order of 30%.

(2) Comparative example C1 is similar to the stacks according to the invention but does not comprise an absorbent layer.

(3) Comparative examples C2, C3 and C4 comprise a single absorbent layer, in the 1.sup.st, 2.sup.nd and 3.sup.rd dielectric coating, respectively.

(4) Different types of absorbent layer were chosen: In examples Cl to C4 and a, b and c, the two absorbent layers are made of NbN (k=1.8; n=3.5). In example d, the absorbent layers are made of NiCrN (k=3.3; n=3.1); in example e, of Ti (k=2.7; n=3.1); in example f, of TiN (k=1.6; n=1.8); in example g, of Nb (k=1.4; n=4.4); in example h, of SnZnN (k=1.9; n=3.3).

(5) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Ex1 Stack (nm) C1 C2 c3 C4 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f 1g 1h TiO.sub.2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Di3 SiN 21 35 29 17 27 22 22 28 30 29 30 32 Absorbing 0 0 0 5.4 0 3.3 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 OB2 NiCr 1.5 2 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.7 1.9 1.2 1.9 2 F2 Ag 8 8.4 10.2 8 10.9 13.3 10.4 11.3 10.4 11.7 10.4 11.2 UB2 NiCr 3 2.5 0.5 1 3 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.8 Di2 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 SnZnO 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 35 31 27 31 33 SiN 32 39 26 30 44 44 37 28 16 24 16 28 Absorbing 0 0 3.7 0 3 0 5.1 2.6 2.2 7.7 2.2 2.9 SiN 33 33 37 25 16 22 14 22 22 32 22 16 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 OB1 NiCr 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 0.3 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.8 0.3 F1 Ag 12.3 11.1 8 12.1 11.7 8.9 10.7 8.3 12.0 8 12.0 14 UB1 NiCr 2 1.5 2 0.5 0.5 0.5 2 0.3 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.3 Di1 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Absorbing 0 4.5 0 0 3 4.5 0 3.2 1.5 5.5 1.5 3.1 SiN 27 15 42 58 41 38 39 46 36 40 36 33

(6) Table 2 below summarizes the main optical and energetic characteristics obtained in a configuration:

(7) Outside/6-mm-thick clear glass/stack/15-mm 90% Ar gap/6-mm-thick clear glass/Inside.

(8) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Configuration 6 mm Indian PLX/15 mm 90 Ag/6 mm Indian PLX Ex1 S g LT a* t b* t Rc a*c b*c Rg a*g b*g a*60 b*60 C1 1.54 19.5 30.1 ?5 ?7 26 ?18 ?12 21 ?6 ?4 2 ?13 C2 1.59 19.5 31.1 ?10 ?2 18.5 ?8 ?6 17 ?3 ?3 ?5 ?3 C3 1.44 19.5 28 ?5 ?2 15 ?2 3 18 1 ?6 ?3 ?8 C4 1.43 19.6 28 ?4 ?6 26 ?18 ?15 18.5 5 ?2 7 ?2 1a 1.59 18.2 29 ?5 0 12 ?4 ?1 13 ?1 ?4 ?2.5 ?6 1b 1.63 19.5 31 ?10 ?2 18 ?10 ?6 9 ?3.5 ?6 ?4.5 ?7 1c 1.44 19.5 28 ?4 0 13 ?3 4 16 0 ?4 1 ?7 1d 1.48 19.3 28.5 ?4 ?1 12.3 ?2 ?4 12.7 ?0.6 ?5.5 ?3.5 ?6.5 1e 1.5 19.3 29 ?4 ?1 12 ?2 ?4 13 ?0.5 ?5.1 ?3.5 ?6.5 1f 1.66 19.3 32 ?6 ?1 12 ?5.8 ?4 12.9 ?0.5 ?4.2 ?2 ?6.5 1g 1.6 19.5 30.8 ?5.4 ?1 12 ?2.1 ?1.3 13 ?0.6 ?3.6 ?0.6 ?6.1 1h 1.53 19.5 29.8 ?4 ?1 12.1 ?2 ?4 13 ?0.5 ?5.5 ?3.3 ?5.9

Example 2

(9) Table 3 below shows the geometric thicknesses in nanometers of each of the layers of stacks produced for the comparative examples (C1 to C4) and according to the invention (Examples 2a to 2h). The stacks produced seek to achieve an LT of the order of 40%.

(10) Comparative example C1 is similar to the stacks according to the invention but does not comprise an absorbent layer.

(11) Comparative examples C2, C3 and C4 comprise a single absorbent layer, in the 1.sup.st, 2.sup.nd and 3.sup.rd dielectric coating, respectively.

(12) Different types of absorbent layer were chosen: In examples C1 to C4 and a, b and c, the two absorbent layers are made of NbN (k=1.8; n=3.5). In example d, the absorbent layers are made of NiCrN (k=3.3; n=3.1); in example e, of Ti (k=2.7; n=3.1); in example f, of TiN (k=1.6; n=1.8); in example g, of Nb (k=1.4; n=4.4); in example h, of SnZnN (k=1.9; n=3.3).

(13) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Ex2 Stack (nm) C1 C2 c3 C4 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h TiO.sub.2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Di3 SiN 33 35 31 16 31 25 28 28 27 31 29 33 NbN 0 0 0 3.5 0 3.2 1 0 0 0 0 0 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 OB2 NiCr 0.8 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.9 F2 Ag 12 11.1 9.8 10.1 11.6 13.5 10.1 11.7 10.9 12.1 10.9 11.9 UB2 NiCr 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 Di2 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 SnZnO 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 34 34 34 34 35 SiN 38 40 43 31 48 46 45 23 27 22 30 15 NbN 0 0 4.5 0 2.5 0 4.5 1.4 1.5 4.6 2.0 1.5 SiN 30 26 10 27 14 20 10 26 11 23 10 27 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 OB1 NiCr 2.3 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.4 1.0 1.8 0.8 f1 Ag 12.5 13.1 8.6 8 13.1 9.6 10.5 8 10.3 9.7 9.2 14.0 UB1 NiCr 2 0.5 2 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.3 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.3 Di1 ZnO 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 NbN 0 5 0 0 2.5 3.8 0 3.0 3.1 4.7 2.4 2.6 SiN 31 15 45 33 36 35 40 46 43 36 43 25

(14) Table 4 below summarizes the main optical and energetic characteristics obtained in the same configuration:

(15) Outside/6-mm-thick clear glass/stack/15-mm-thick 90% Ar/6-mm-thick clear glass/Inside.

(16) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Configuration 6 mm Indian PLX/15 mm 90 Ag/6 mm Indian PLX Ex2 S g LT a* t b* t Rc a*c b*c Rg a*g b*g a*60 b*60 C1 1.67 25.2 42 ?8 ?2 16.8 ?12 ?8 20 2 ?8 ?6 ?7 C2 1.62 26 42 ?9 ?1.5 13.5 ?5 ?7 12 ?1.5 ?4.5 ?5 ?4 C3 1.48 26 38.5 ?5 0 10 ?2 0 15 0 ?3.5 ?2 ?6 C4 1.48 26 38.5 ?8 ?3 10 ?10 ?8 8 ?5 ?2 2 ?8 2a 1.61 24.9 40 ?5.5 0 10 ?4 ?2 11 ?1 ?4 ?2.5 ?5.5 2b 1.58 26 41 ?8 0 14 ?10 3 10 ?3 ?3 ?3.5 ?5 2c 1.51 25.5 38.5 ?5 0 10 ?3 3 14 1 ?3 ?1.5 ?8 2d 1.5 25.7 38.5 ?3.5 ?1.3 12.7 ?2 ?5 10.2 0 ?5 ?3.7 ?6.6 2e 1.59 25.5 40.5 ?5 0 12 ?2 ?5 10 ?0.5 ?3.9 ?3.1 ?5.6 2f 1.68 25 42 ?5 ?1 11.7 ?5 ?5 13 ?0.5 ?3.5 ?3.5 ?6.3 2g 1.58 25 39.6 ?4.3 0.7 11.1 ?2.1 ?5 10 ?0.5 ?5.3 ?3.5 ?6.5 2h 1.6 24 38.5 ?4 ?1 12 ?2.6 ?5 13 ?0.5 ?5.5 ?3.1 ?6.5

(17) In conclusion, it can be seen that the examples according to the invention make it possible to produce double glazings with a light transmission of the order of 30% and 40% while combining low solar factors (g less than or equal to 26% when the LT is of the order of 40% and g less than 20% when the LT is 30%) and low light reflections (LR.sub.ext less than 20%), all while providing the sought aesthetics.

(18) The comparative examples do not allow for a combination of all the sought criteria.

(19) What is particularly remarkable is that it was possible to maintain the color reflected to the outside in the neutral zones, which is not the case in the comparative examples. It can be seen, moreover, that in example 1, the transmitted color is too greenish in comparative example V2 and the color reflected to the outside is reddish in comparative example V4. in example 2, V4, the index a* is lower than the index b*, which gives an excessively greenish shade and the transmitted color is too greenish in comparative examples V2 and V4.

(20) The angular stability of the color reflected to the outside is noticeably improved compared to the stacks from the comparative examples.

(21) The present invention is described in the description hereinabove by way of example. It goes without saying that those skilled in the art are capable of implementing other variants of the invention without however straying from the scope of the patent such as defined by the claims.