Method for producing a ceiling in a building

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a ceiling in a building, having the following steps: a) a plate-shaped ceiling element which later remains in the structure, preferably in the form of a ceiling cladding or as a mounting for the ceiling cladding, in particular a dry building panel, is placed and/or fixed on the already completed walls; b) the plate-shaped ceiling element is supported in a closely spaced manner, optionally by means of supported horizontal bars; c) optionally, insulation and/or heating coils and/or an electric installation is placed on the plate-shaped ceiling element; d) a curable compound, for example concrete or prestressed concrete and/or a screed or heating screed or the like, is filled thereon; and e) the support elements are removed after the curable compound has been cured.

Claims

1. A method for producing a ceiling in a building having at least two walls that are spaced apart by a gap, the at least two walls each comprising two side surfaces and a top end surface, the method comprising the following steps: a) fixing a plate-shaped ceiling element comprising an upper surface and a lower surface to the at least two walls of the building such that the plate-shaped ceiling element spans the gap between the at least two walls, with the plate-shaped ceiling element being supported in a closely space manner in the gap between the at least two walls by one or more support elements contracting the lower surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element; b) flowing a curable compound in the form of concrete or prestressed concrete or a screed or heating screed, such that the curable compound contacts the upper surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element and extends at least partially above the at least two walls so as to contact the top end surface of each of the at least two walls; and c) providing a plurality of elongated anchoring parts, which extend from the lower surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element through the upper surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element and into the curable compound, such that, after the solidification of the curable compound, the plurality of elongated anchoring parts are detachably fixed therein, wherein each of the plurality of elongated anchoring parts can be removed from the solidified curable compound by selectively rotating the elongated anchoring part; and d) removing the one or more support elements after the curable compound has been cured to form a supporting layer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate-shaped ceiling element is aligned such that the top ends of the at least two walls are in common alignment or in a common horizontal plane with the top surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plate-shaped ceiling element comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of wood, a wooden plate, a plywood plate, a particleboard plate, a laminated wood plate, a medium-density fiberboard plate, an oriented strand board plate, and a high-density fiberboard plate.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the plurality of elongated anchoring parts comprises a screw.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of elongated anchoring parts have a form such that, after the solidification of the curable compound they are fixed therein in a positive-locking manner, in such way that the fixation resists vertical stresses.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the plurality of elongated anchoring parts have a coating which prevents sticking to the curable compound.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the curable compound is reinforced, in particular by inlaid iron or steel mats or cages.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after the removal of the support elements, a ceiling cladding is mounted to the lower surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element.

9. The method according to claim 1 wherein, prior to flowing the curable compound a intra-ceiling element comprising an upper surface and a lower surface is installed on the upper surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element such that the lower surface of the intra-ceiling element faces the upper surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element.

10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the intra-ceiling element comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of insulation, heating coils, and electric installation.

11. The method according to claim 9 wherein the upper surface of the intra-ceiling element is aligned such that the top ends of the at least two walls are in a common alignment or in a common horizontal plane with the upper surface of the intra-ceiling element.

12. The method according to claim 6 wherein the coating comprises a thinly applied oil.

13. The method according to claim 8 wherein the cladding comprises a wooden ceiling made of profiled boards.

14. A method for producing a ceiling in a building having at least two walls that are spaced apart by a gap, the at least two walls each comprising two side surfaces and a top end surface, the method comprising the following steps: a) fixing a plate-shaped ceiling element comprising an upper surface and a lower surface to the at least two walls of the building such that the plate-shaped ceiling element spans the gap between the at least two walls, with the plate-shaped ceiling element being supported in a closely spaced manner in the gap between the at least two walls by one or more support elements contacting the lower surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element; b) flowing a curable compound in the form of concrete or prestressed concrete or a screed or heating screed, such that the curable compound contacts the upper surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element and extends at least partially above the at least two walls so as to contact the top end surface of each of the at least two walls; and c) providing a plurality of elongated screws, which extend from the lower surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element through the upper surface of the plate-shaped ceiling element and into the curable compound, such that, after the solidification of the curable compound, the plurality of elongated screws are detachably fixed therein, wherein each of the plurality of elongated screws can be removed from the solidified curable compound by selectively rotating the elongated screws; and d) removing the one or more support elements after the curable compound has been cured to form a supporting layer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further features, details, advantages, and effects on the basis of the invention result from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and on the basis of the drawing.

(2) FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a ceiling structure according to the invention during the production thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(3) A ceiling 1 according to the invention is built by means of a plate-shaped ceiling element 2 on already existing walls 3, which support the ceiling 1 after completion of the structure.

(4) Plates made of wood, for example, plywood plates such as veneer plywood plates, blockboard or laminboard plates or laminated timber plates, also called cross-laminated timber plates; furthermore chipboard plates, in particular oriented strand board plates; and also fiberboard plates, for example, hard fiberboard plates or moderate-density fiberboard plates, have therefore proven themselves as the plate-shaped ceiling element 2 in particular. All of these plates share the feature that the wood does not consist of a single, unprocessed raw wood layer, but rather receives completely omnidirectional properties as much as possible and therefore hardly still works, as a result of a combination of many small wood elements with various fiber directions and/or as a result of a binder which connects the individual components to one another. In addition, such plates have a comparatively high mechanical stability with reasonable price at the same time.

(5) The plate-shaped ceiling element 2 is to completely span the relevant room at least in one spatial direction if possible. For the period of time of the ceiling mounting, it can be fixed on the walls 3, for example, by means of metal angles, which advantageously protrude upward from the plate-shaped ceiling element 2 and therefore are not visible from below.

(6) The precise height of the ceiling element 2 is oriented, on the one hand, according to the desired room height, but, on the other hand, also according to the desired ceiling structure and not least according to the height of the walls 3. This will be discussed in greater detail hereafter.

(7) To support the weight of the individual components, which are not yet joined together, during the ceiling installation, an array of structural support elements 4 is set up between the walls 3. Horizontally extending bars 5 rest thereon, and alternately the plate-shaped ceiling element 2 can be placed thereon and/or further cladding plates 6, for example, dry building panels such as plasterboard plates or the like, which are or will be connected to the plate-shaped ceiling element. Of course, an installation of cladding plates 6 can also be superfluous, for example, if the plate-shaped ceiling element 2 is only to be wallpapered, or can also only be performed after finishing the ceiling 1 according to the invention.

(8) A layer 7 made of a solid insulation can be placed on top thereon, for example, a thermal insulation such as XPS. Installations can be performed in this layer 7 or thereon, for example, electric cable can be placed or ceiling lights can be integrated. Heating pipes 8 can optionally be placed on this insulation layer 7, for example, for a ceiling heater. In the case of a ceiling heater, heating pipes or coils 8 can be covered by a further insulation layer 9.

(9) The actual, supporting layer 10 is then produced.

(10) The connection of the plate-shaped ceiling elements 2 having the supporting layer 10 is performed by means of elongated anchoring parts, for example, in the form of screws 11, in particular wood screws, the heads of which are each enclosed in a plate-shaped ceiling element 2 on the lower side thereof or are accommodated in depressions therein. The free shaft ends 12 of these screws 11 point upward in this case during the installation, as is recognizable in the drawing.

(11) To avoid sticking of the curing supporting layer to the elongated anchoring parts or screws 11, they can be provided with an anti-stick layer, for example, they can be thinly sprayed with oil.

(12) Before the application of the actual supporting layer 10, in a next work step, rebar or other reinforcement material can be laid on the already finished ceiling substructure, optionally by means of spacers, so that the compound flows completely around the rebar and it cannot rust.

(13) As the next step, liquid concrete or another curable compound 13 is poured onto the ceiling substructure finished up to this point and optionally shaken or compacted and/or smoothed.

(14) The further floor structure above the supporting layer 13 is oriented to the conditions of the specific case and/or the desires of the developer. An integration of a floor heater is possible, as is the placement of electric cables or other pipes and lines.

(15) If the supporting layer 13 has been cured, the lower-side structural supports 4 can be removed. If this has been performed, a smooth ceiling lower side is obtained. The butt joints between the dry building panels only still have to have adhesive tapes stuck over them and therefore be closed; the lower side can then be wallpapered or immediately painted.

(16) A cladding 6 is shown below the plate-shaped ceiling element 2 in the drawing. The cladding can, of course, as in the drawing, previously be applied to the lower side of the plate-shaped ceiling element, optionally also in horizontal construction, wherein the plate-shaped ceiling element 2 thus rests with its lower side on top on the bottom 14 of the relevant room or on another planar underlay, so that the profiled boards 6 can be placed on the plate-shaped ceiling element, as is typical when placing floorboards.

(17) Of course, the cladding of the ceiling 1 can also be performed only after the finishing thereof.

(18) Finally, it is also to be noted that for static reasons, the supporting layer 10 is to be seated directly on the walls 3, so that weight forces are introduced completely into the walls 3. For this purpose, the plate-shaped ceiling elements are advantageously to be fixed at a height on the walls 3 so that the upper edge of the ceiling structure between the plate-shaped ceiling element 2 and the supporting layer 13 corresponds as exactly as possible to the upper edge of the adjoining walls 3, so that the supporting cover plate 10, which is concreted on location, is seated with as little offset as possible directly on the walls 3. In the case of a ceiling heater or installations 8 below the supporting layer 10 or a thermal insulation 7, 9 between the plate-shaped ceiling element 2 and the supporting ceiling plate 10, the plate-shaped ceiling elements 2 are therefore to be fixed on the walls offset downward by a corresponding amount in relation to the upper edge of the walls 3.

(19) The structure according to the invention has the advantage, inter alia, that installations of a manifold nature can be performed below the supporting cover plate 10, in particular also in the form of a ceiling heater, which can be mounted with little effort and are fundamentally accessible later for maintenance and repair purposes by unscrewing the plate-shaped ceiling element 2, in contrast, for example, to a conventional floor heater, the heating coils of which are generally no longer accessible without destroying the screed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(20) 1 ceiling 2 plate-shaped ceiling element 3 wall 4 support element 5 horizontal bars 6 cladding plate 7 insulation layer 8 heating coil 9 insulation layer 10 supporting layer 11 screw 12 free shaft end 13 curable compound 14 floor