Method and Apparatus for Increasing Dewatering Efficiency

Abstract

A method and apparatus for increasing dewatering efficiency of a solids-laden liquid stream in a wastewater treatment facility, whereby a liquids-solids stream is pumped into a mixing apparatus in a closed-channel liquid flow conduit configuration, where the liquids-solids stream is intensely mixed with air and polymer in a mixing zone created by an adjustable flow restriction device, performing similar to a venturi to increase the velocity, agitation, and turbulence of the liquids-solids stream internal to the mixer, where the introduction of air and polymer to the stream is introduced independent of mixing energy. Compared with current methods and apparatuses to mix polymer with solids-laden wastewater, the present method and apparatus requires less energy, where it enables the addition of air independent of mixing energy, and it creates a zone of mixing with greater mixing efficiency via increased turbulence.

Claims

1. An apparatus for mixing wastewater sludge with polymer and air to increase efficiency of dewatering process for wastewater treatment, comprising: (a) a mixer housing having a closed-liquid flow conduit configuration; (b) a housing inlet at one end of said housing and fluid flow passage; (c) a housing outlet at opposed axial ends of said housing and fluid flow passage; (d) a fluid flow passage for a sludge stream to flow through said mixer housing from the housing inlet to the housing outlet; (e) a rotating axis, said rotating axis traversing the opposed internal walls of the mixer housing at pivot points on the internal walls, (f) a flow restriction device internal to mixer housing and mounted to said rotating axis; (g) a controller means controllably engaged to flow restriction device, to control positioning of flow restriction device; (h) an air plenum, radially connected to said mixer; (i) an air inlet; (j) an air conduit fixedly attached to air inlet (k) a bubble infusion means fixedly attached to air conduit; (l) an air pumping means for introducing the air, through the air inlet, through air conduit, and through said bubble infusion means, into the fluid flow passage; (m) said bubble infusion means provided upstream of said throttled section; (n) a plurality of polymer inlets circumferentially placed around said mixer, upstream of said bubble infusion means, (o) a polymer conduit axially connected to said polymer inlets; (p) a polymer pumping means for introducing polymer through the polymer inlet, and through the said conduit for polymer, into fluid flow passage; (q) a zone of intense mixing for mixture of sludge-polymer-air, said zone immediately downstream of interface between the fluid flow passage and the bubble infusion means; (r) a throat, said throat comprising an opening for sludge flow travel along the longitudinal axis of said mixer housing immediately downstream of zone of intense mixing, said throat having a cross-sectional area less than cross-sectional area of said housing inlet, said throat having a cross-sectional area less than cross-sectional area of said housing outlet; (s) Conduit means connecting said throat to said housing inlet; (t) Conduit means connecting said throat to said housing outlet, said conduit means having a width that increases in a divergent manner as it moves axially from said throat to said mixer housing outlet; (u) Pressure gauge means to measure pressure of sludge mixture inside housing,

2. The apparatus for mixing as set forth in claim 1, wherein said flow restrictor is the width no greater than the width of the fluid flow passage.

3. The apparatus for mixing as set forth in claim 1, wherein said controller is a counter-weight arm, arm rotatably attached to said rotating axis.

4. The apparatus for mixing as set forth in claim 1, wherein said bubble infusion means is fixedly attached to said flow restriction device at a location along flow restriction device that is radially opposed to internal mounting of flow restriction device to said axis.

5. A method for increasing the efficiency of the dewatering of sludge in wastewater treatment, by increasing the mixing efficiency of polymer, sludge, and air, including the steps of (a) Providing an in-line mixing apparatus to a sludge flow stream, said mixer comprising (1) a mixer housing having an inlet and an outlet at opposed axial ends, said housing having a closed-channel liquid flow conduit configuration for sludge to flow from housing inlet to housing outlet, (2) an adjustable flow restriction device internally mounted to mixer housing, (3) a controller controllably attached to said restriction device, (4) an air inlet radially connected to housing, (5) a bubble infusion mean to introduce air bubbles into sludge stream downstream of flow restriction device, (6) an air pumping means fixedly attached to a bubble infusion means to introduce the air, through the air inlet, and through said bubble infusion means, into the sludge flow, (7) a plurality of polymer inlets, (8) a polymer conduit axially connected to said polymer inlets, (9) a polymer pumping means for introducing polymer through the polymer inlet, and through the said polymer conduit, into fluid flow passage; (b) Adding polymer to said sludge stream at said in-line mixing apparatus; (c) Adding air to said sludge stream downstream of the polymer addition at said in-line mixing apparatus; (d) Adding polymer and air into the sludge stream, independent of mixing energy, over changes in flow rate up to 33%, by adjustably controlling the speed of the sludge flow through the in-line mixer, during changes in the rate of sludge flow through the in-line mixer, by adjustably restricting the sludge flow with said flow restriction device; (e) Shearing air bubbles into sludge stream with the force of the perpendicular velocity of the sludge flow stream flowing perpendicular to the introduction of air into the sludge flow stream; (f) Creating highly charged air bubbles to aid the charge-driven activity of floc formation in dewatering, through the interaction of bubbles colliding with one another in the sludge flow after shearing.

6. The method as set forth in claim 5, further comprising the step of controlling the speed of the sludge flow by controlling the restriction device with a counterweighted arm, rotatably connected to the flow restrictor device.

7. The method as set forth in claim 5, further comprising the step of adjustably fixing the rate of addition of polymer.

8. A method for increasing the efficiency of the dewatering of sludge in wastewater treatment, by increasing the mixing efficiency of polymer, sludge, and air, including the steps of (a) Providing an in-line mixing apparatus to a sludge flow stream, said mixer comprising (1) a mixer housing having a closed-liquid flow conduit configuration; (2) a housing inlet at one end of said housing and fluid flow passage; (3) a housing outlet at opposed axial ends of said housing and fluid flow passage; (4) a fluid flow passage for a sludge stream to flow through said mixer housing from the housing inlet to the housing outlet; (5) a rotating axis, said rotating axis traversing the opposed internal walls of the mixer housing at pivot points on the internal walls, (6) a flow restriction device internal to mixer housing and mounted to said rotating axis; (7) a controller means controllably engaged to flow restriction device, to control positioning of flow restriction device; (8) an air plenum, radially connected to said mixer; (9) an air inlet; (10) a bubble infusion means; (11) an air pumping means for introducing the air, through the air inlet, and through said bubble infusion means, into the fluid flow passage; (12) said air inlet means fixedly attached to bubble infusion means; (13) said bubble infusion means provided upstream of said throttled section; (14) a plurality of polymer inlets circumferentially placed around said mixer, upstream of said bubble infusion means; (15) a polymer conduit axially connected to said polymer inlets; (16) a polymer pumping means for introducing polymer through the polymer inlet, and through the said conduit for polymer, into fluid flow passage; (17) a zone of intense mixing for mixture of sludge-polymer-air, said zone immediately downstream of interface between the fluid flow passage and the bubble infusion means; (18) a throat, said throat comprising an opening for sludge flow travel along the longitudinal axis of said mixer housing immediately downstream of zone of intense mixing, said throat having a cross-sectional area less than cross-sectional area of said housing inlet, said throat having a cross-sectional area less than cross-sectional area of said housing outlet; (19) conduit means connecting said throat to said housing inlet; (20) conduit means connecting said throat to said housing outlet, said conduit means having a width that increases in a divergent manner as it moves axially from said throat to said mixer housing outlet; (21) pressure gauge means to measure pressure of sludge mixture inside housing; (b) Adding polymer to said sludge stream upstream of flow restriction device at said in-line mixing apparatus; (c) Adding air to said sludge stream downstream of the polymer addition at said in-line mixing apparatus; (d) Adding polymer and air into the sludge stream, independent of mixing energy, over changes in flow rate up to 33%, by adjustably controlling the speed of the sludge flow through the in-line mixer, during changes in the rate of sludge flow through the in-line mixer, by adjustably restricting the sludge flow with said flow restriction device; (e) Shearing air bubbles into sludge stream with the force of the perpendicular velocity of the sludge flow stream flowing perpendicular to the introduction of air into the sludge flow stream; (f) Creating highly charged air bubbles to aid the charge-driven activity of floc formation in dewatering, through the interaction of bubbles colliding with one another in the sludge flow after shearing.

9. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising the step of controlling the speed of the sludge flow by controlling the restriction device with a counterweighted arm, rotatably connected to the flow restrictor device.

10. The method as set forth in claim 8, further comprising the step of adjustably fixing the rate of addition of polymer.

Description

DRAWINGS

[0054] FIG. 1 is a perspective right-side view of the apparatus, constructed in accordance with the invention.

[0055] The presently preferred embodiment of the apparatus herein to increase dewatering efficiency, according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1.

[0056] FIG. 2 is a perspective left-side view of the apparatus.

[0057] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the apparatus.

[0058] FIG. 4 is a right-side view of the apparatus.

[0059] FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section view of the apparatus from the right side of the apparatus.

[0060] FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section view of the apparatus from the left side of apparatus.

[0061] FIG. 7 is a longitudinal section view of the apparatus from underneath the apparatus.

[0062] FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section view of the apparatus from the right side of the apparatus where the flow restriction device and sparger have been controllably rotated by the counter-weighted arm to a position a distance A above the bottom of the apparatus.

[0063] FIG. 9 is a longitudinal section view of the apparatus from the right side of the apparatus where the flow restriction device and sparger have been controllably rotated by the counter-weighted arm to a position a distance B above the bottom of the apparatus.

[0064] FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, in contrast, showcase the movement of the flow restriction device and sparger, as a function of the movement of a means to control their movement (i.e. counter-weighted arm).

DRAWING REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0065] 1 sludge [0066] 2 sludge/polymer/air mixture [0067] 3 air source [0068] 4 polymer source [0069] 11 apparatus [0070] 12 top of the apparatus [0071] 13 right side of the apparatus [0072] 14 counter-weighted arm [0073] 15 front of the apparatus [0074] 16 longitudinal axis [0075] 17 vertical axis [0076] 18 horizontal axis [0077] 19 sludge flow inlet [0078] 20 air inlet [0079] 21 pivot point for flow restriction device [0080] 22 left side of the apparatus [0081] 23 back of apparatus [0082] 24 sludge flow outlet [0083] 25 fastening means for air plenum [0084] 26 pressure gauge means [0085] 30 polymer inlet [0086] 40 bottom of apparatus [0087] 50 zone of intense mixing [0088] 51 flow restriction device [0089] 52 air introduction orifice [0090] 53 air conduit [0091] 54 air bubble [0092] 55 location of air bubble shearing [0093] 56 air plenum [0094] 57 external wall of air plenum [0095] 58 throat [0096] 59 sparger [0097] 80 height A of sparger above the bottom of the apparatus [0098] 81 distance X of counter-weighted arm from top of apparatus [0099] 90 height B of sparger above the bottom of the apparatus [0100] 91 distance Y of counter-weighted arm from top of apparatus

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

[0101] A method and apparatus to increase the efficiency of downstream dewatering in wastewater treatment through a cost-effective increase in the mixing efficiency of a sludge-polymer-air aqueous stream according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1-9.

[0102] Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the apparatus 11 will receive the influent sludge 1 stream through its sludge flow inlet 19 at the front of the apparatus 15, and may pass through the apparatus 11 to the back of the apparatus 23, along the longitudinal axis 16, so that the sludge flow may be mixed with air from an air source 3 and polymer from a polymer source 4 in the zone of intense mixing 50.

[0103] Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawings, the apparatus discharges its sludge-polymer-air stream 2 through its sludge flow outlet 24 at the back of the apparatus 23, after passing through the apparatus 11 along the longitudinal axis 16, where the sludge 1 will have mixed with air and polymer in the zone of intense mixing. An air inlet 20 is seen near the top of the apparatus 12, where air will be provided from an air source 3 by a means to produce air, such as a compression pumping device, to be delivered to an air conduit 53 within an air plenum 56, that will affect the transport of the air into the flow of sludge 1 through the apparatus. The walls of the air plenum may be fastened together with a fastening means 25. Pressure will be gauged with a pressure gauge means 26.

[0104] Referring now to FIG. 3 of the drawings, a plan view of the apparatus 11 shows a counter-weighted arm 14 radially connect to the axis of the pivot point for the flow restriction device 21. The counter-weighted arm 14 circumferentially rotates about the axis of the pivot point for the flow restriction device 21, and controls the circumferential rotation of the pivot point axis. The counter-weighted arm is on the left side of the apparatus 22, but alternative embodiments cold relocate the counter-weighted arm 14 to another location around the apparatus 11. A plurality of mechanical control technologies to a personal of ordinary skill in the art of pipe flow control could be used in place of a counter-weighted arm 14.

[0105] Referring now to FIG. 4 of the drawings, the apparatus 11 is show from its right side 13, showcasing the external wall of the air plenum 57 that houses the air conduit 53, which received air from an air source 3 to the air inlet 20.

[0106] Referring now to FIG. 5 of the drawings, the flow restriction device 51 is radially and rotatably attached to the pivot point for the flow restriction device 21, which is controlled via circumferential movement of the counter-weighted arm 14 about the pivot point for the flow restriction device 21. The direction of flow of the sludge 1 travels from the front of the apparatus 15 through the sludge flow inlet 19, past the sludge flow restriction device 51, through the throat 58 and zone of intense mixing 50. The zone of intense mixing 50 is created by the high turbulence in the sludge flow immediately downstream of the flow restriction device 51, where air is being introduced from an air source 3 into the sludge stream through an air introduction orifice 52. The sludge flows at a velocity high enough that shears the air being introduced perpendicular to the sludge stream through the air introduction orifice 52, within the throat 58. The air bubbles 54 created by the shearing effect of the sludge velocity may continue for approximately 4-10 pipe diameters downstream in bubbly flow.

[0107] FIG. 6 is identical to FIG. 5, but rotated 180 degrees about the vertical axis 17 of the apparatus 11, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0108] Referring now to FIG. 7 of the drawings, the air introduction orifice 52 can be seen nearly midway along the longitudinal axis 16 of the apparatus 11, and introduces air into the flow of sludge 1 immediately downstream of the flow restriction device 51 at the throat 58, creating a zone of intense mixing 50, where there are small-diameter air bubbles 54 created at the location of air bubble shearing 55. The sludge flow 1 continues along the direction of the longitudinal axis 16 toward the back of the apparatus 23, before exiting at the sludge flow outlet 24.

[0109] Referring now to FIG. 8 of the drawings, the flow restriction device 51, fixedly attached to the sparger 59, is rotated circumferentially around the pivot point 21 of the flow restriction device 51 to height A 80 from the bottom of the apparatus 40, where the height of the flow restriction device 51 and the sparger 59 is controlled by the counter-weighted arm 14 radially connected to the pivot point 21 of the flow restriction device 51, which is positioned a distance X 81 from the top of the apparatus 12.

[0110] Referring now to FIG. 9 of the drawings, the flow restriction device 51, fixedly attached to the sparger 59, is rotated circumferentially around the pivot point 21 of the flow restriction device 51 to a height B 90 from the bottom of the apparatus 40, where the height of the flow restriction device 51 and the sparger 59 is controlled by the counter-weighted arm 14 radially connected to the pivot point 21 of the flow restriction device 51, which is positioned a distance Y 91 from the top of the apparatus 12. The difference between height A 80 of FIG. 8 and height B 90 of FIG. 9, correspond to the difference between the distance X 81 of FIG. 8 and distance Y 91 of FIG. 9 of the controlling counter-weighted arm 14. Height A 80 is not equal to height B 90. Distance X 81 is not equal to distance Y 91.

[0111] From the description above, a number of advantages of some embodiment of the method and apparatus 11 for increasing dewatering efficiency become evident: [0112] a. A zone of intense mixing and high turbulence is created by reducing the liquid cross sectional flow area of the sludge stream with the adjustable flow restriction device 21, [0113] b. The zone of intense 50 mixing and high turbulence efficiently mixes the air 3 and polymer 4 into the biosolids stream. [0114] c. The adjustable flow restriction device 51 enables the introduction of air 3 and polymer 4 into the biosolids stream independent of mixing energy, by maintaining a constant pressure drop in the sludge 1 flowing through the apparatus 11. [0115] d. The perpendicular velocity of the sludge stream in the pipe, immediately downstream of the flow restriction device 51, effectively creates tiny bubbles 54 of air at the zone of intense mixing 50 by shearing tiny bubbles 54 into the sludge stream, which also increases mixing efficiency.