Capturing Detailed Structure from Patient-Doctor Conversations for Use in Clinical Documentation
20230055094 · 2023-02-23
Inventors
- Christopher Co (Saratoga, CA, US)
- Gang Li (Elkton, MD, US)
- Philip Chung (San Francisco, CA, US)
- Justin Paul (San Francisco, CA, US)
- Daniel Shing Shun Tse (San Francisco, CA, US)
- Katherine Chou (Palo Alto, CA, US)
- Diana Jaunzeikare (San Francisco, CA, US)
- Alvin Rajkomar (Mountain View, CA, US)
Cpc classification
G16H15/00
PHYSICS
G16H10/60
PHYSICS
International classification
G16H15/00
PHYSICS
G16H10/60
PHYSICS
Abstract
A method and system is provided for assisting a user to assign a label to words or spans of text in a transcript of a conversation between a patient and a medical professional and form groupings of such labelled words or spans of text in the transcript. The transcript is displayed on an interface of a workstation. A tool is provided for highlighting spans of text in the transcript consisting of one or more words. Another tool is provided for assigning a label to the highlighted spans of text. This tool includes a feature enabling searching through a set of predefined labels available for assignment to the highlighted span of text. The predefined labels encode medical entities and attributes of the medical entities. The interface further includes a tool for creating groupings of related highlighted spans of texts. The tools can consist of mouse action or keystrokes or a combination thereof.
Claims
1. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving a training dataset comprising a plurality of labeled transcripts of respective medical practitioner-patient conversations, each labeled transcript having been generated by a user interaction with the transcript, the user interaction having comprised of a user relating two different highlighted spans of text by utilizing an input device of a computing device, and the computing device having been configured to interpret the user interaction to be an indication that the two user-related different highlighted spans of text are medically related to a same health condition of the patient; training, based on the training dataset, a machine learning model to automatically annotate an input transcript of a recording of a medical conversation; and outputting the trained machine learning model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transcript of the recording is indexed to time segment information.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the automatic annotation of the input transcript comprises storing the annotation of the input transcript as metadata associated with the input transcript.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein each highlighted span of text in the transcript is associated with a label encoding a medical entity and one or more attributes of the medical entity appearing in the highlighted span, wherein medical entities indicate categories of medical topics, and wherein medical attributes indicate descriptive properties or characteristics of an associated medical entity.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the medical entity comprises one or more of medications, procedures, symptoms, vitals, lab results, chief complaint, social history, medical conditions, surgery, imaging, provider, vaccine, reproductive history, examination, and medical equipment.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the medical entity is a symptom medical entity comprising an attribute of at least severity, frequency, onset, or location of a medical condition.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating the training dataset by providing a plurality of unlabeled transcripts to a pre-labeling system and receiving, from the pre-labeling system a pre-annotated transcript containing suggested labels for spans of text in each of the plurality of unlabeled transcripts.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the pre-labeling system includes a named entity recognition model trained on at least one of medical textbooks, a lexicon of clinical terms, clinical documentation in electronic health records, and annotated transcripts of doctor-patient conversations.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing the annotated version of the input transcript to another computing device for another user interaction with the annotated version, wherein the other user interaction comprises modifications including one or more additional annotations of the annotated version; receiving, from the other computing device, the modified version of the annotated transcript; and fine-tuning the trained machine learning model based on the modified version.
10. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving an input transcript of a recording of a medical practitioner-patient conversation; applying a trained machine learning model to automatically annotate the input transcript, the machine learning model having been trained on a training dataset comprising a plurality of labeled transcripts of respective medical conversations, each labeled transcript having been generated by a user interaction with the transcript, the user interaction having comprised of a user relating two different highlighted spans of text by utilizing an input device of a computing device, and the computing device having been configured to interpret the user interaction to be an indication that the two user-related different highlighted spans of text are medically related to a same health condition of the patient; and providing the annotated version of the input transcript.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: generating the input transcript of the recording.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising: generating a display of the input transcript of the recording.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the input transcript is indexed to time segment information.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the automatic annotation of the input transcript comprises storing the annotation of the input transcript as metadata associated with the input transcript.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the providing of the annotated version comprises associating each highlighted span of text in the input transcript with a label encoding a medical entity and one or more attributes of the medical entity appearing in the highlighted span, wherein medical entities indicate categories of medical topics, and wherein medical attributes indicate descriptive properties or characteristics of an associated medical entity.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the medical entity comprises one or more of medications, procedures, symptoms, vitals, lab results, chief complaint, social history, medical conditions, surgery, imaging, provider, vaccine, reproductive history, examination, and medical equipment.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the medical entity is a symptom medical entity comprising an attribute of at least severity, frequency, onset, or location of a medical condition.
18. A system comprising: a computing device; and data storage, wherein the data storage has stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing device to carry out functions comprising: receiving an input transcript of a recording of a medical practitioner-patient conversation; applying a trained machine learning model to automatically annotate the input transcript, the machine learning model having been trained on a training dataset comprising a plurality of labeled transcripts of respective medical conversations, each labeled transcript having been generated by a user interaction with the transcript, the user interaction having comprised of a user relating two different highlighted spans of text by utilizing an input device of a computing device, and the computing device having been configured to interpret the user interaction to be an indication that the two user-related different highlighted spans of text are medically related to a same health condition of the patient; and providing the annotated version of the input transcript.
19. The system of claim 18, further comprising: generating the input transcript of the recording.
20. The system of claim 18, wherein the providing of the annotated version comprises associating each highlighted span of text in the input transcript with a label encoding a medical entity and one or more attributes of the medical entity appearing in the highlighted span, wherein medical entities indicate categories of medical topics, and wherein medical attributes indicate descriptive properties or characteristics of an associated medical entity.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013]
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[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] This disclosure is directed to methods and systems for facilitating annotations of recordings of medical encounters, i.e., conversations between patients and medical practitioners such as doctors or nurses. The recordings could be audio or audio-visual recordings. The recordings are transcribed into written form. The transcripts could be generated by trained medical transcriptionists, that is by hand, or by the use of speech to text converters, which are known in the art. The output of the system is an annotated version of the transcript in which relevant medical information (i.e., spans of text, such as individual words or groups of words) in the text are labeled (i.e., tagged as being associated with medical entities and attributes of such entities), and grouped to express relatedness between the labelled text.
[0022]
[0023] At step 104, after the required patient consents are obtained, the patient consults with the medical practitioner and a recording, either audio or audio-visual, is obtained and stored in digital format.
[0024] At step 106, a written transcript of the recording is obtained, either by a trained transcriptionist or by use of a speech-to-text converter. The transcript is preferably accompanied by a time indexing, in which the words spoken in the transcript, or lines of text, are associated with elapsed time of the recording, as will be illustrated subsequently.
[0025] At step 108, an annotation of the transcript is performed by the scribe labeler in the manner described and explained in the subsequent figures. The annotations include the assignment of labels to spans of text in the transcript and groupings of spans of text to indicate their relatedness. In step 108 a display of the transcribed audio recording is generated, for example on the display of a workstation used by the scribe labeler. See
[0026] A tool is also provided for grouping related highlighted spans of texts. The groupings allow medical entities associated with labels to be grouped together. For example, in a conversation in which a patient describes a sharp chest pain that started last week, the text “sharp”, “chest pain” and “last week” would be highlighted and labeled with symptom labels and attributes of severity, location, and time of onset, and grouped together, as they are all related to a single medical condition of the patient. This tool can consist of keyboard and/or or mouse action, as explained below.
[0027] The system may include a pre-labeler 110, shown in more detail in
[0028] As a result of the annotation step 108 an annotated transcript file 112 is created, which consists of the transcript as well as annotations in the form of labelled or tagged spans of text (words or phrases) and groupings of the tagged spans of text. The annotated transcript file is in digital form, with the annotations and groupings in the file as metadata or otherwise. The annotated transcript file 112 is then added to the patient's electronic health record (EHR) 114 or supplied to a machine learning model training system 116. The machine learning model training system 116 may, for example, be a system for training a machine learning model to automatically annotate transcripts of medical encounters. Alternatively, the machine learning model may use the annotated transcript as well as other data in the patient health record, for not only the individual patient, but also a multitude of other patients, to generate predictions of future medical events for example as described in the pending U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/538,112 filed Jul. 28, 2017, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein. The EHR 114 may be provided to the system 116 as indicated by the dashed line 114.
[0029] The annotated transcript file 112 may be fed back into the pre-labeler to enable further training the machine learning pre-labeler 110, as indicated by the dashed line 120. This aspect will be described in further detail later.
[0030]
[0031]
[0032]
[0033] The interface provides a tool for text highlighting. In particular, mouse and keyboard shortcuts make highlighting spans of text easy. For example, a user can double click on a given word and the word is automatically highlighted on the display. Only words can be highlighted, not individual characters, reducing errors and increasing annotation speed. Other tools could be used for highlighting, such as by click and drag techniques with a mouse, a keyboard stroke (such as by putting the cursor over the word and hitting a particular key such as H, or CTRL-H), or a combination keyboard stroke and mouse action.
[0034] In the example of
[0035] The scribe labeler does the same process and uses the same tools to highlight the span of text “three days”, assign a label of medical entity “SymAttr” and attribute “duration” (“Symattr/duration”) to the highlighted span of text “three days” and this additional annotation shows up in the Table of annotations 410.
[0036] The scribe labeler then proceeds to highlight the span of text “upper left”, 412. The scribe labeler again uses the tool 402 to ascribe a label to the span of text “upper left.” Again this could be done using the tools described in
[0037] It will be appreciated that the search tool 402 could pop up when the scribe labeler is taking action to highlight a span of text, and disappear after the label has been assigned, or alternatively it could be a persistent feature of the user interface during annotating.
[0038] As noted previously, the user interface of
[0039] The search tool 402 of
[0040] The text grouping as shown in
[0041] The pre-labelling system 110 of
[0042] Additionally, the NER can be trained from annotated medical encounter transcripts. A NER model can also be trained from a hybrid of data sources, which may include medical and clinical text books, annotated transcripts from doctor-patient conversations, and clinical documentation contained in anonymized electronic health records of a multitude of patients. The NER model may further be trained from feedback of the annotation of the transcript as performed in
[0043] As shown in
[0044] The system and method of this disclosure has several advantages. In many natural language processing text annotation tools, relationships between must be identified in an explicit and cumbersome manner. In contrast, in this disclosure the labels (including predefined labels relevant to the annotation task) and labelling and groupings tools permit such relationships to be readily specified. The user can quickly search for labels by means of the search tools as shown in the Figures and select them with simple user interface action such as a click of a mouse. Moreover, groupings of conceptually or causally related highlighted spans of text can be created very quickly with simple user interface actions using a keyboard, mouse, or combination thereof, as explained above.
[0045] While the illustrated embodiment has described an interface and tools for assisting in labeling transcripts of medical encounters, the principles of this disclosure could be applied to other situations. In particular, a predefined list of labels is generated for entities and attributes of those entities, e.g., listing all the possible categories or classes of words of interest in a transcript and attributes associated with each of the categories or classes, analogous to the attributes of medical entities. The user interface actions described above would generally be performed in the same way, that is the scribe labeler would read the transcript and highlight words or other spans of text that are relevant to the annotation task, using simple user interface tools, and then tools would be enabled by which the scribe labeler could search through the available labels and assign them to the highlighted spans of text.
[0046] Additionally, grouping tools are provided to form groups of related highlighted spans of text. The result is an annotated transcript. The methods could have usefulness in other types of transcripts, such as deposition or trial transcripts in the context of the legal profession, hearing transcripts of testimony of governmental bodies, etc.
[0047] An example of a list of labels for use in annotation of medical transcripts is set forth below in Table 1. It will be understood of course that variation from the list is possible and that in other contexts other labels will be defined. In the list, Entity 1 is a medical entity and Entity 2 is either a subcategory of the medical entity of Entity 1 or an attribute of the medical entity, and Entity 3 is either an attribute of the medical entity or a further subcategory of the medical entity of Entity 1 in a hierarchical schema.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Combined Label that will show Entity 1 Entity 2 Entity 3 up in labeling tool NOS NOS: SymAttr Time of Onset SymAttr: Time of Onset SymAttr Frequency/Tempo SymAttr: Frequency/Tempo SymAttr Duration SymAttr: Duration SymAttr Improving/Worsening SymAttr: Improving/Worsening SymAttr Location (on body) SymAttr: Location (on body) SymAttr Severity/Amount SymAttr: Severity/Amount SymAttr Characteristic/Quality SymAttr: Characteristic/Quality SymAttr Provoking Factor SymAttr: Provoking Factor SymAttr Alleviating Factor SymAttr: Alleviating Factor SymAttr Radiation SymAttr: Radiation SymAttr Not Experienced SymAttr: Not Experienced SymAttr SymAttr: Chief Chief Complaint:: Complaint Meds Meds:: Meds Physician's Meds: Physician's Intended Intended Status Status: Meds Physician's Active, Continued Meds: Physician's Intended Intended Status Status: Active, Continued Meds Physician's Active, Modified Meds: Physician's Intended Intended Status Status: Active, Modified Meds Physician's Recommended/To Meds: Physician's Intended Intended Status Start Status: Recommended/To Start Meds Physician's Completed/Finished/ Meds: Physician's Intended Intended Status Stopped Status: Completed/Finished/ Stopped Meds Patient's actual Meds: Patient's actual use: use Meds Patient's actual Yes, Regularly Meds: Patient's actual use: use Yes, Regularly Meds Patient's actual Yes, Intermittently Meds: Patient's actual use: use Yes, Intermittently Meds Patient's actual Yes, as Needed Meds: Patient's actual use: use Yes, as Needed Meds Patient's actual Stopped Meds: Patient's actual use: use Stopped Meds Patient's actual No Meds: Patient's actual use: use No Meds Side Effect Meds: Side Effect: Meds Side Effect Experienced Meds: Side Effect: Experienced Meds Side Effect No Meds: Side Effect: No Meds Benefit Meds: Benefit: Meds Benefit Experienced Meds: Benefit: Experienced Meds Benefit No Meds: Benefit: No Meds Dosage Meds: Dosage: Meds Quantity Meds: Quantity: Meds Frequency/Duration Meds: Frequency/Duration: Meds Instructions/Directions Meds: Instructions/Directions: Meds Route of Meds: Route of Administration: Administration Meds Indication Meds: Indication: Meds Allergy Meds: Allergy: Meds Allergy Yes Meds: Allergy: Yes Meds Allergy No Meds: Allergy: No Meds Allergy Reaction Meds: Allergy: Reaction Medical Medical Equipment:: Equipment Medical Physician's Medical Equipment: Equipment Intended Status Physician's Intended Status: Medical Physician's Active, Continued Medical Equipment: Equipment Intended Status Physician's Intended Status: Active, Continued Medical Physician's Active, Modified Medical Equipment: Equipment Intended Status Physician's Intended Status: Active, Modified Medical Physician's Recommended/To Medical Equipment: Equipment Intended Status Start Physician's Intended Status: Recommended/To Start Medical Physician's Completed/Finished/ Medical Equipment: Equipment Intended Status Stopped Physician's Intended Status: Completed/Finished/ Stopped Medical Patient's actual Medical Equipment: Patient's Equipment use actual use: Medical Patient's actual Yes, Regularly Medical Equipment: Patient's Equipment use actual use: Yes, Regularly Medical Patient's actual Yes, Intermittently Medical Equipment: Patient's Equipment use actual use: Yes, Intermittently Medical Patient's actual Yes, as Needed Medical Equipment: Patient's Equipment use actual use: Yes, as Needed Medical Patient's actual Stopped Medical Equipment: Patient's Equipment use actual use: Stopped Medical Patient's actual No Medical Equipment: Patient's Equipment use actual use: No Medical Side Effect Medical Equipment: Side Equipment Effect: Medical Side Effect Experienced Medical Equipment: Side Equipment Effect: Experienced Medical Side Effect No Medical Equipment: Side Equipment Effect: No Medical Benefit Medical Equipment: Benefit: Equipment Medical Benefit Experienced Medical Equipment: Benefit: Equipment Experienced Medical Benefit No Medical Equipment: Benefit: Equipment No Medical Dosage Medical Equipment: Dosage: Equipment Medical Quantity Medical Equipment: Quantity: Equipment Medical Frequency/Duration Medical Equipment: Equipment Frequency/Duration: Medical Instructions/Directions Medical Equipment: Equipment Instructions/Directions: Medical Indication Medical Equipment: Equipment Indication: Condition Condition:: Condition Status Condition: Status: Condition Status Active Condition: Status: Active Condition Status Recurrence Condition: Status: Recurrence Condition Status Inactive Condition: Status: Inactive Condition Status Remission Condition: Status: Remission Condition Status Resolved Condition: Status: Resolved Condition Time of Onset/ Condition: Time of Onset/ Duration Duration: Condition Physician certainty Condition: Physician certainty: Condition Physician certainty Provisional/ Condition: Physician certainty: Differential Provisional/Differential Condition Physician certainty Confirmed Condition: Physician certainty: Confirmed Condition Physician certainty Refuted Condition: Physician certainty: Refuted Condition Severity New Condition: Severity: New Condition Severity Stable Condition: Severity: Stable Condition Severity Improved Condition: Severity: Improved Condition Severity Worsening Condition: Severity: Worsening Condition Family Condition: Family: Condition Family History of (First Condition: Family: History of Degree) (First Degree) Condition Family History of (Non-first- Condition: Family: History of degree) (Non-first-degree) Surgery Surgery:: Surgery Status Surgery: Status: Surgery Status Completed Surgery: Status: Completed Surgery Status Planned/Anticipated Surgery: Status: Planned/ Anticipated Procedures/ Procedures/Other Tests:: Other Tests Procedures/ Status Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Status: Procedures/ Status Scheduled/Upcoming Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Status: Scheduled/Upcoming Procedures/ Status Completed Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Status: Completed Procedures/ Status Not done Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Status: Not done Procedures/ Status Declined/Refused Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Status: Declined/Refused Procedures/ Status Recommended Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Status: Recommended Procedures/ Result Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Result: Procedures/ Result Value/Result/Finding Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Result: Value/Result/Finding Procedures/ Result Normal Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Result: Normal Procedures/ Result Abnormal Procedures/Other Tests: Other Tests Result: Abnormal Labs Labs:: Labs Status Labs: Status: Labs Status Scheduled/Upcoming Labs: Status: Scheduled/ Upcoming Labs Status Completed Labs: Status: Completed Labs Status Declined/Refused Labs: Status: Declined/ Refused Labs Status Recommended Labs: Status: Recommended Labs Result Value/Result/Finding Labs: Result: Value/Result/ Finding Labs Result Normal Labs: Result: Normal Labs Result Abnormal Labs: Result: Abnormal Imaging Imaging:: Imaging Status Imaging: Status: Imaging Status Scheduled/Upcoming Imaging: Status: Scheduled/ Upcoming Imaging Status Completed Imaging: Status: Completed Imaging Status Declined/Refused Imaging: Status: Declined/ Refused Imaging Status Recommended Imaging: Status: Recommended Imaging Result Value/Result/Finding Imaging: Result: Value/Result/ Finding Imaging Result Normal Imaging: Result: Normal Imaging Result Abnormal Imaging: Result: Abnormal Vaccine Vaccine:: Vaccine Status Vaccine: Status: Vaccine Status Scheduled/Upcoming Vaccine: Status: Scheduled/ Upcoming Vaccine Status Completed Vaccine: Status: Completed Vaccine Status Declined/Refused Vaccine: Status: Declined/ Refused Vaccine Status Recommended Vaccine: Status: Recommended Provider Provider:: Provider Type Provider: Type: Provider Type Physician/Practitioner Provider: Type: Physician/ Practitioner Provider Type Other Health Provider: Type: Other Health Professional Professional Provider Status of Referral Provider: Status of Referral: Provider Status of Referral Recommended/To Provider: Status of Referral: Start Recommended/To Start Provider Status of Referral On-going Provider: Status of Referral On-going Provider Status of Referral Discontinued/Stopped Provider: Status of Referral: Discontinued/Stopped Provider Status of Referral Requested Provider: Status of Referral: Requested Provider Urgent/Emergency Provider: Urgent/Emergency Care Care: Provider Hospital Provider: Hospital: Provider Follow-up Visit Provider: Follow-up Visit: Patient Patient instructions/ instructions/ education/recommendation:: education/ recommendation Social Hx Social Hx:: Social Hx Lifestyle/Wellness Social Hx: Lifestyle/ Habits Wellness Habits: Social Hx Tobacco Social Hx: Tobacco: Social Hx Tobacco Active Social Hx: Tobacco: Active Social Hx Tobacco Second Hand Social Hx: Tobacco: Second Smoking Hand Smoking Social Hx Tobacco Former Social Hx: Tobacco: Former Social Hx Tobacco Never Social Hx: Tobacco: Never Social Hx Tobacco Current Social Hx: Tobacco: Current Quantity/Freq Quantity/Freq Social Hx Tobacco Former Quantity/Freq Social Hx: Tobacco: Former Quantity/Freq Social Hx Tobacco Counseling Social Hx: Tobacco: Counseling Social Hx Alcohol Social Hx: Alcohol: Social Hx Alcohol Active Social Hx: Alcohol: Active Social Hx Alcohol Denies Social Hx: Alcohol: Denies Social Hx Alcohol Former Social Hx: Alcohol: Former Social Hx Alcohol Never Social Hx: Alcohol: Never Social Hx Alcohol Current Social Hx: Alcohol: Current Quantity/Freq Quantity/Freq Social Hx Alcohol Former Quantity/Freq Social Hx: Alcohol: Former Quantity/Freq Social Hx Alcohol Counseling Social Hx: Alcohol: Counseling Social Hx Marijuana or Drug Social Hx: Marijuana or Drug Use Use: Social Hx Marijuana or Drug Active Social Hx: Marijuana or Drug Use Use: Active Social Hx Marijuana or Drug Former Social Hx: Marijuana or Drug Use Use: Former Social Hx Marijuana or Drug Never Social Hx: Marijuana or Drug Use Use: Never Social Hx Marijuana or Drug Current Social Hx: Marijuana or Drug Use Quantity/Freq Use: Current Quantity/Freq Social Hx Marijuana or Drug Former Quantity Social Hx: Marijuana or Drug Use Use: Former Quantity Social Hx Marijuana or Drug Counseling Social Hx: Marijuana or Drug Use Use: Counseling Social Hx Socio Economic Social Hx: Socio Economic Status Status: Social Hx Socio Economic Home Social Hx: Socio Economic Status Status: Home Social Hx Socio Economic Occupation Social Hx: Socio Economic Status Status: Occupation Social Hx Socio Economic Insurance Social Hx: Socio Economic Status Status: Insurance Social Hx Logistics Social Hx: Logistics: Social Hx Logistics Transportation Social Hx: Logistics: Transportation Social Hx Sexual History Social Hx: Sexual History: Social Hx Sexual History Active Social Hx: Sexual History: Active Social Hx Sexual History Inactive Social Hx: Sexual History: Inactive Social Hx Sexual History Never Social Hx: Sexual History: Never Social Hx Sexual History Quantity of Partners Social Hx: Sexual History: Quantity of Partners Social Hx Travel History Social Hx: Travel History: Code Status/ Code Status/End Code Status/End of Life: End of Life of Life Code Status/End of Life: Reproductive Reproductive Hx:: Hx Reproductive Gravida (Number Reproductive Hx: Gravida Hx of Pregnancies) (Number of Pregnancies): Reproductive Parity (Number of Reproductive Hx: Parity Hx Births Carried to a (Number of Births Carried to Viable Gestational Age) a Viable Gestational Age): Reproductive Number of Reproductive Hx: Number of Hx Premature Births Premature Births: Reproductive Number of Natural Reproductive Hx: Number of Hx Abortions/Miscarriages Natural Abortions/Miscarriages: Reproductive Number of Living Reproductive Hx: Number of Hx Children Living Children: Reproductive Currently Pregnant Reproductive Hx: Currently Hx Pregnant: Reproductive Current Reproductive Hx: Current Hx Gestational Age Gestational Age: Reproductive Anticipating Reproductive Hx: Anticipating Hx Planned or Unplanned Planned or Unplanned Pregnancy Pregnancy: Reproductive Infertility Issue Reproductive Hx: Infertility Hx Issue: Reproductive IVF Reproductive Hx: IVF: Hx Reproductive Last Menstrual Reproductive Hx: Last Hx Period Menstrual Period: Reproductive Menarche (Time Reproductive Hx: Menarche Hx of First Period) (Time of First Period): Vitals Ht Vitals: Ht: Vitals Ht Value/Result/Finding Vitals: Ht: Value/Result/Finding Vitals Ht Normal Vitals: Ht: Normal Vitals Ht Abnormal Vitals: Ht: Abnormal Vitals Wt Vitals: Wt: Vitals Wt Value/Result/Finding Vitals: Wt: Value/Result/Finding Vitals Wt Normal Vitals: Wt: Normal Vitals Wt Abnormal Vitals: Wt: Abnormal Vitals BMI Vitals: BMI: Vitals BMI Value/Result/Finding Vitals: BMI :Value/Result/Finding Vitals BMI Normal Vitals: BMI: Normal Vitals BMI Abnormal Vitals: BMI: Abnormal Vitals Temp Vitals: Temp: Vitals Temp Value/Result/Finding Vitals: Temp: Value/Result/Finding Vitals Temp Normal Vitals: Temp: Normal Vitals Temp Abnormal Vitals: Temp: Abnormal Vitals HR Vitals: HR: Vitals HR Value/Result/Finding Vitals: HR: Value/Result/Finding Vitals HR Normal Vitals: HR: Normal Vitals HR Abnormal Vitals: HR: Abnormal Vitals BP Vitals: BP: Vitals BP Value/Result/Finding Vitals: BP: Value/Result/Finding Vitals BP Normal Vitals: BP: Normal Vitals BP Abnormal Vitals: BP: Abnormal Vitals Resp Rate Vitals: Resp Rate: Vitals Resp Rate Value/Result/Finding Vitals: Resp Rate: Value/Result/Finding Vitals Resp Rate Normal Vitals: Resp Rate: Normal Vitals Resp Rate Abnormal Vitals: Resp Rate: Abnormal Vitals O2 Vitals: O2: Vitals O2 Value/Result/Finding Vitals: O2: Value/Result/Finding Vitals O2 Normal Vitals: O2: Normal Vitals O2 Abnormal Vitals: O2: Abnormal Exam General Exam: General: Exam General Value/Result/Finding Exam: General: Value/Result/Finding Exam Const Exam: Const: Exam Const Value/Result/Finding Exam: Const: Value/Result/Finding Exam Eyes Exam: Eyes: Exam Eyes Value/Result/Finding Exam: Eyes: Value/Result/Finding Exam ENMT Exam: ENMT: Exam ENMT Value/Result/Finding Exam: ENMT : Value/Result/Finding Exam Dental Exam: Dental: Exam Dental Value/Result/Finding Exam: Dental: Value/Result/Finding Exam Neck Exam: Neck: Exam Neck Value/Result/Finding Exam: Neck: Value/Result/Finding Exam Resp/Pulm Exam: Resp/Pulm: Exam Resp/Pulm Value/Result/Finding Exam: Resp/Pulm: Value/Result/ Finding Exam CV Exam: CV: Exam CV Value/Result/Finding Exam: CV: Value/Result/Finding Exam Lymph Exam: Lymph: Exam Lymph Value/Result/Finding Exam: Lymph: Value/Result/Finding Exam GU Exam: GU: Exam GU Value/Result/Finding Exam: GU: Value/Result/Finding Exam MSK Exam: MSK: Exam MSK Value/Result/Finding Exam: MSK: Value/Result/Finding Exam Derm Exam: Derm: Exam Derm Value/Result/Finding Exam: Derm: Value/Result/Finding Exam Neuro Exam: Neuro: Exam Neuro Value/Result/Finding Exam: Neuro: Value/Result/Finding Exam Abd Exam: Abd: Exam Abd Value/Result/Finding Exam: Abd: Value/Result/Finding Exam Breast Exam: Breast: Exam Breast Value/Result/Finding Exam: Breast: Value/Result/Finding Exam Rectal Exam: Rectal: Exam Rectal Value/Result/Finding Exam: Rectal: Value/Result/Finding Exam Prostate Exam: Prostate: Exam Prostate Value/Result/Finding Exam: Prostate: Value/Result/Finding Exam Hernia Exam: Hernia: Exam Hernia Value/Result/Finding Exam: Hernia: Value/Result/Finding Exam Bimanual/GYN Exam: Bimanual/GYN: Exam Bimanual/GYN Value/Result/Finding Exam: Bimanual/GYN: Value/Result/Finding Exam Psych Exam: Psych: Exam Psych Value/Result/Finding Exam: Psych: Value/Result/Finding Exam Extremities Exam: Extremities: Exam Extremities Value/Result/Finding Exam: Extremities: Value/Result/ Finding Sym Const Sym: Const:: Sym Const Fever Sym: Const: Fever: Sym Const Chills Sym: Const: Chills: Sym Const Night Sweats Sym: Const: Night Sweats: Sym Const Body Aches Sym: Const: Body Aches: Sym Const Pain (Non-specific) Sym: Const: Pain (Non-specific): Sym Const Fatigue Sym: Const: Fatigue: Sym Const Lightheadedness Sym: Const: Lightheadedness: Sym Const Difficulty Sleeping Sym: Const: Difficulty Sleeping: Sym Const General Weakness Sym: Const: General Weakness: Sym Const Weight Loss Sym: Const: Weight Loss: Sym Const Weight Gain Sym: Const: Weight Gain: Sym Eyes Sym: Eyes:: Sym Eyes Change in Vision Sym: Eyes: Change in Vision: Sym Eyes Double Vision Sym: Eyes: Double Vision (Diplopia) (Diplopia): Sym Eyes Flashers (Photopsia) Sym: Eyes: Flashers (Photopsia): Sym Eyes Sensitivity to Light Sym: Eyes: Sensitivity to Light (Photophobia) (Photophobia): Sym Eyes Eye Pain Sym: Eyes: Eye Pain: Sym Eyes Eye Discharge Sym: Eyes: Eye Discharge: Sym Eyes Red Eye Sym: Eyes: Red Eye: Sym Eyes Dry Eye Sym: Eyes: Dry Eye: Sym ENMT Sym: ENMT:: Sym ENMT Ear Pain (Otalgia) Sym: ENMT: Ear Pain (Otalgia): Sym ENMT Ear Discharge Sym: ENMT: Ear Discharge (Otorrhea) (Otorrhea): Sym ENMT Swollen Ear Sym: ENMT: Swollen Ear: Sym ENMT Hearing Loss Sym: ENMT: Hearing Loss: Sym ENMT Sensitivity to Sounds Sym: ENMT: Sensitivity to (Phonophobia or Sounds (Phonophobia or Hyperacusis) Hyperacusis): Sym ENMT Ear Ringing Sym: ENMT: Ear Ringing (Tinnitus) (Tinnitus): Sym ENMT Nose Bleeding Sym: ENMT: Nose Bleeding (Epistaxis) (Epistaxis): Sym ENMT Nasal Discharge Sym: ENMT: Nasal Discharge (Rhinorrhea) (Rhinorrhea): Sym ENMT Nasal Congestion Sym: ENMT: Nasal Congestion: Sym ENMT Loss of Smell Sym: ENMT: Loss of Smell: Sym ENMT Sinus Issue Sym: ENMT: Sinus Issue: Sym ENMT Sore Throat Sym: ENMT: Sore Throat: Sym ENMT Oral Sores/Lesions Sym: ENMT: Oral Sores/Lesions: Sym ENMT Painful Swallowing Sym: ENMT: Painful Swallowing (Odynophagia) (Odynophagia): Sym ENMT Loss of Taste Sym: ENMT: Loss of Taste: Sym ENMT Tooth Pain Sym: ENMT: Tooth Pain: Sym ENMT Bleeding Gums Sym: ENMT: Bleeding Gums (Gingival Hemorrhage) (Gingival Hemorrhage): Sym ENMT Hoarse Voice Sym: ENMT: Hoarse Voice: Sym ENMT Change in Voice Sym: ENMT: Change in Voice: Sym ENMT Neck Pain Sym: ENMT: Neck Pain: Sym ENMT Change of Taste Sym: ENMT: Change of Taste (Dysgeusia) (Dysgeusia): Sym CV Sym: CV:: Sym CV Chest Pain (Angina) Sym: CV: Chest Pain (Angina): Sym CV Palpitations Sym: CV: Palpitations: Sym CV Leg Swelling (Edema) Sym: CV: Leg Swelling (Edema): Sym CV Leg Pain with walking Sym: CV: Leg Pain with walking (Claudication) (Claudication): Sym CV Fainting/Syncope Sym: CV: Fainting/Syncope: Sym Resp Sym: Resp:: Sym Resp Cough Sym: Resp: Cough: Sym Resp Hemoptysis Sym: Resp: Hemoptysis: Sym Resp Wheezing Sym: Resp: Wheezing: Sym Resp SOB Lying Flat Sym: Resp: SOB Lying Flat (Orthopnea) (Orthopnea): Sym Resp SOB when Waking Sym: Resp: SOB when Waking up (Paroxysmal up (Paroxysmal Nocturnal Nocturnal Dyspnea) Dyspnea): Sym Resp SOB Sym: Resp: SOB: Sym GI Sym: GI:: Sym GI Decreased Appetite Sym: GI: Decreased Appetite: Sym GI Nausea Sym: GI: Nausea: Sym GI Vomiting Sym: GI: Vomiting: Sym GI Difficulty Swallowing Sym: GI: Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia) (Dysphagia): Sym GI Jaundice Sym: GI: Jaundice: Sym GI Abdominal Pain Sym: GI: Abdominal Pain: Sym GI Abdominal Distension Sym: GI: Abdominal Distension: Sym GI Change in Bowel Sym: GI: Change in Bowel Habits Habits: Sym GI Diarrhea Sym: GI: Diarrhea: Sym GI Constipation Sym: GI: Constipation: Sym GI Stool Incontinence Sym: GI: Stool Incontinence (Encopresis) (Encopresis): Sym GI Bright Red Blood Per Sym: GI: Bright Red Blood Per Rectum (Hematochezia) Rectum (Hematochezia): Sym GI Black Tarry Stools Sym: GI: Black Tarry Stools (Melena) (Melena): Sym GI GI Bleeding (Non- Sym: GI: GI Bleeding (Non- specific) specific): Sym GI Anal Pain Sym: GI: Anal Pain: Sym GU Sym: GU:: Sym GU Pelvic Pain Sym: GU: Pelvic Pain: Sym GU Sexually Transmitted Sym: GU: Sexually Transmitted Disease Exposure Disease Exposure: Sym GU Frequent Urination Sym: GU: Frequent Urination: Sym GU Decreased Urination Sym: GU: Decreased Urination: Sym GU Urgent Urination Sym: GU: Urgent Urination: Sym GU Urinary Hesitancy Sym: GU: Urinary Hesitancy: Sym GU Burning with Sym: GU: Burning with Urination (Dysuria) Urination (Dysuria): Sym GU Blood in urine Sym: GU: Blood in urine (Hematuria) (Hematuria): Sym GU Changes in Urine Sym: GU: Changes in Urine Quality (Non-bloody) Quality (Non-bloody): Sym GU Incomplete Bladder Sym: GU: Incomplete Bladder Emptying (Urinary Emptying (Urinary Retention): Retention) Sym GU Urinary Incontinence Sym: GU: Urinary Incontinence: Sym GU Penile Discharge Sym: GU: Penile Discharge: Sym GU Penile Ulcers Sym: GU: Penile Ulcers: Sym GU Testicular Pain Sym: GU: Testicular Pain: Sym GU Scrotal Sym: GU: Scrotal Mass/Swelling Mass/Swelling: Sym GU Difficulty Obt. or Sym: GU: Difficulty Obt. or Maint. an Erection Maint. an Erection (Erectile (Erectile Dysfunction) Dysfunction): Sym GU Heavy Menstrual Sym: GU: Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia) Bleeding (Menorrhagia): Sym GU Menstrual Regularity Sym: GU: Menstrual Regularity: Sym GU Irregular Menstrual Sym: GU: Irregular Menstrual Bleeding (Metrorrhagia) Bleeding (Metrorrhagia): Sym GU Vaginal Bleeding Sym: GU: Vaginal Bleeding after Menopause after Menopause: Sym GU Menstrual Pain Sym: GU: Menstrual Pain (dysmenorrhea) (dysmenorrhea): Sym GU Vaginal Discharge Sym: GU: Vaginal Discharge: Sym GU Vaginal/Vulva ulcers Sym: GU: Vaginal/Vulva ulcers: Sym GU Pain with Sexual Sym: GU: Pain with Sexual Intercourse (Dyspareunia) Intercourse (Dyspareunia): Sym GU Vaginal Dryness Sym: GU: Vaginal Dryness: Sym MSK Sym: MSK:: Sym MSK Pain Sym: MSK: Pain: Sym MSK Swelling Sym: MSK: Swelling: Sym MSK Decreased Range Of Sym: MSK: Decreased Range Of Motion Motion: Sym Skin/Br Sym: Skin/Br:: Sym Skin/Br Rash Sym: Skin/Br: Rash: Sym Skin/Br Stria Sym: Skin/Br: Stria: Sym Skin/Br Wounds Sym: Skin/Br: Wounds: Sym Skin/Br Incisions Sym: Skin/Br: Incisions: Sym Skin/Br Scrapes Sym: Skin/Br: Scrapes: Sym Skin/Br Sores/Ulcers Sym: Skin/Br: Sores/Ulcers: Sym Skin/Br Skin Darkening Sym: Skin/Br: Skin Darkening: Sym Skin/Br Hair Loss Sym: Skin/Br: Hair Loss: Sym Skin/Br Thinning Hair Sym: Skin/Br: Thinning Hair: Sym Skin/Br Sun sensitivity Sym: Skin/Br: Sun sensitivity: Sym Skin/Br Skin Itch (Pruritis) Sym: Skin/Br: Skin Itch (Pruritis): Sym Skin/Br Breast Lumps Sym: Skin/Br: Breast Lumps: Sym Skin/Br Breast Pain Sym: Skin/Br: Breast Pain: Sym Skin/Br Nipple Discharge Sym: Skin/Br: Nipple Discharge: Sym Skin/Br Fingers/Toes/Extremities Sym: Skin/Br: Fingers/Toes/ Turn Colors in Cold Extremities Turn Colors in Cold: Sym Skin/Br Nail Issue Sym: Skin/Br: Nail Issue: Sym Skin/Br Dry Skin Sym: Skin/Br: Dry Skin: Sym Skin/Br Scalp Tenderness Sym: Skin/Br: Scalp Tenderness: Sym Neuro Sym: Neuro:: Sym Neuro Pain Sym: Neuro: Pain: Sym Neuro Sensation changes Sym: Neuro: Sensation changes (Numbness/Coldness/ (Numbness/Coldness/Crawling/ Crawling/Prickling/ Prickling/Parasthesias): Parasthesias) Sym Neuro Memory Loss Sym: Neuro: Memory Loss: Sym Neuro Difficulty Thinking/ Sym: Neuro: Difficulty Thinking/ Changes in Mentation Changes in Mentation: Sym Neuro Seizures Sym: Neuro: Seizures: Sym Neuro Tremor Sym: Neuro: Tremor: Sym Neuro Dizziness Sym: Neuro: Dizziness: Sym Neuro Speech Problems Sym: Neuro: Speech Problems: Sym Neuro Non-general Sym: Neuro: Non-general Weakness Weakness: Sym Neuro Muscle Cramps Sym: Neuro: Muscle Cramps: Sym Neuro Jaw Pain with Sym: Neuro: Jaw Pain with Chewing Chewing: Sym Neuro Headache Sym: Neuro: Headache: Sym Psych Sym: Psych:: Sym Psych Anxiety Sym: Psych: Anxiety: Sym Psych Depressed Mood Sym: Psych: Depressed Mood: Sym Psych Feeling of Failure Sym: Psych: Feeling of Failure: Sym Psych Psychomotor Sym: Psych: Psychomotor Agitation or Agitation or Retardation: Retardation Sym Psych Sadness Sym: Psych: Sadness: Sym Psych Anhedonia Sym: Psych: Anhedonia: Sym Psych Manic Episodes Sym: Psych: Manic Episodes: Sym Psych Change in Sym: Psych: Change in Personality Personality: Sym Psych Paranoia Sym: Psych: Paranoia: Sym Psych Hallucinations Sym: Psych: Hallucinations: Sym Psych Irritability/Mood Sym: Psych: Irritability/Mood Swings Swings: Sym Psych Wake up Sym: Psych: Wake up Unrefreshed Unrefreshed: Sym Psych Stress Sym: Psych: Stress: Sym Psych Suicidality Sym: Psych: Suicidality: Sym Psych Homicidality Sym: Psych: Homicidality: Sym Psych Changes in Sexual Sym: Psych: Changes in Sexual Arousal Arousal: Sym Endo Sym: Endo:: Sym Endo Heat Intolerance Sym: Endo: Heat Intolerance: Sym Endo Cold Intolerance Sym: Endo: Cold Intolerance: Sym Endo Excessive Thirst Sym: Endo: Excessive Thirst (Polydipsia) (Polydipsia): Sym Endo Excessive Appetite Sym: Endo: Excessive Appetite (Polyphagia) (Polyphagia): Sym Endo Excessive Sweating Sym: Endo: Excessive Sweating: Sym Endo Flushing Sym: Endo: Flushing: Sym Endo Hot Flashes Sym: Endo: Hot Flashes (Vasomotor (Vasomotor symptoms): symptoms) Sym Heme/Lymph Sym: Heme/Lymph:: Sym Heme/Lymph Lymph Node Sym: Heme/Lymph: Lymph Node Enlargement/Tenderness Enlargement/Tenderness: Sym Heme/Lymph Easy Bruising Sym: Heme/Lymph: Easy Bruising: Sym Heme/Lymph Easy Bleeding Sym: Heme/Lymph: Easy Bleeding: Sym Immuno Sym: Immuno:: Sym Immuno Anaphylaxis Sym: Immuno: Anaphylaxis: Sym Immuno Hives (Urticaria) Sym: Immuno: Hives (Urticaria): Sym Immuno Frequent Sneezing Sym: Immuno: Frequent Sneezing: Sym Immuno Seasonal Allergies Sym: Immuno: Seasonal Allergies: Sym Immuno Environmental Sym: Immuno: Environmental Allergies Allergies: Sym Immuno Exposure to Sym: Immuno: Exposure to infectious diseases infectious diseases (TB, HIV, (TB, HIV, etc.) etc.): Sym Sym::: Sym Suggest Entity Sym: Suggest Entity::