Abstract
The invention relates to a switching arrangement (15) with a pre-selector (28) for a power transformer (10, 40) which has multiple windings (12, 14). The pre-selector is designed to optionally connect at least one first winding (12) to one of the two end contacts (30, 32) of at least one second winding (14). At least one first switch is arranged in the connection between the pre-selector (28) and the first winding (12), thereby allowing the pre-selector to be switched in an arc-free manner and thus in a gas-free manner as well.
Claims
1. A switching arrangement with preselector for a power transformer having first and second windings, wherein the preselector is constructed so as to selectably connect the first winding with one of two end contacts of the second winding, and at least one first switch that is formed by a vacuum switch or a diode, or includes a vacuum switch or a diode circuit is connected between the preselector and the first winding.
2. The switching arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the first switch includes a load switch connected in parallel with the vacuum switch.
3. The switching arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum switch is a vacuum interrupter.
4. The switching arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement is constructed as a tap changer of a regulating transformer.
5. A regulating transformer with a switching arrangement according to claim 1.
6. A switching arrangement with preselector for a power transformer having first and second windings, wherein the preselector is constructed so as to selectably connect the first winding with one of two end contacts of the second winding, at least one first switch is connected between the preselector and the first winding, and a part of the first switch connected with the first winding is grounded by a varistor and/or a capacitor and/or a resistor.
7. A switching arrangement with preselector for a power transformer having first and second windings, wherein the preselector is constructed so as to selectably connect the first winding with one of two end contacts of the second winding, at least one first switch is connected between the preselector and the first winding, a polarity circuit connects a defined point of the second winding with the first winding during switching-over of the preselector, and a second switch is connectable or connected into the connection of the polarity circuit at the defined point with the first winding.
8. The switching arrangement according to claim 7, wherein at least one respective vacuum switch is arranged not only in the connection of the preselector with the first winding, but also in the connection of the polarity circuit with the first winding.
9. The switching arrangement according to claim 8, wherein the two vacuum switches are coupled.
10. The switching arrangement according to claim 8, wherein a mechanical switch is provided in the polarity circuit.
11. The switching arrangement according to claim 10, wherein the mechanical switch is coupled with the preselector.
12. The switching arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the polarity circuit comprises at least one polarity resistance.
13. The switching arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the defined point of the second winding is a center tap or selectably one of the two ends of the second winding.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
(1) The invention is described in the following by example on the basis of the schematic drawing, in which:
(2) FIGS. 1a-m show a circuit diagram of a tap changer according to the invention with a vacuum switch and a bridging switch for alternating connection of the vacuum switch with the preselector and also with the polarity circuit in a sequence of thirteen switching steps,
(3) FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which not only the preselector, but also the polarity circuit have a vacuum switch in the connection with the primary winding,
(4) FIG. 3 shows an arrangement according to FIG. 2 in which, in addition, a mechanical switch coupled with the preselector is provided,
(5) FIG. 4 shows a circuit arrangement with a preselector and a first switch between preselector and a first winding of a power transformer,
(6) FIGS. 5a-d show different forms of embodiment for the first switch of FIG. 4,
(7) FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of a preselector in the form of a rotary switch with integrated vacuum switch in the switch elements, and
(8) FIGS. 7a-d show the switching sequence of the preselector of FIG. 6 during separation of the connection with respect to the second winding of a power transformer.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(9) FIG. 1a shows a regulating transformer 10 such as used, for example, as a power transformer in the field of power supply. The transformer 10 has a low-voltage winding 11 and also two high-voltage windings in the form of a primary winding 12 as first winding and a regulating winding 14 as second winding that has a plurality of taps 16. The regulating transformer 10 additionally includes, as switching arrangement, a tap changer 15 that comprises a preselector 28, a fine selector 17 and a load changeover switch (not illustrated here). In a further embodiment of the invention the tap changer can be constructed as a so-called load selector. The primary winding 12 is connected with a bridge circuit 18 of four bridge switches 20, 22, 24, 26 and a vacuum switch 38, for example a vacuum interrupter. The vacuum switch 38 forms not only a first switch for connecting the preselector 28 with the primary winding 12, but also a second switch for connecting a polarity circuit 34 with the primary winding 12. One branch of the bridge circuit is connected with the preselector 28 that in turn is connectable with the two ends 30, 32 of the regulating winding 14. The polarity circuit is connected with the other branch of the bridge circuit and is formed by a polarity resistance 34 that is in turn connected with a center tap 36 of the tap winding 14. The vacuum switch 38 is connected in the center of the bridge circuit 18. It is possible by the bridge circuit 18 to connect the vacuum switch 38 selectably into the connection of the preselector 38 with the primary winding 12 or into the connection of the polarity resistance 34 with the primary winding 12.
(10) In particular, the bridge circuit 18 serves the purpose of connecting the regulating winding 14 with the primary winding 12, during the switching-over process of the preselector 28, by the polarity resistance 34 so as to thus keep the regulating winding 14 at a defined potential and thereby reduce the high potential differences and capacitive currents when switching over of the preselector 28 takes place. Actuation of the individual bridge switches 20 to 26 of the bridge circuit 18 during the switching-over of the preselector is described in the following in the figures FIG. 1a to FIG. 1m.
(11) FIG. 1a shows the normal operating state of the transformer 10 prior to actuation of the preselector 28, in which the primary winding 12 is connected by the first bridge switch 20 of the bridge circuit 18 and the preselector 28 with the first end 30 of the tap winding. The load tapping takes place during operation by the fine selector 17 and the load changeover switch. Before actuation of the preselector, there is movement by the fine selector to the point K at the primary winding 12 and the primary winding is connected with the load tapping point 19. The fine selector is illustrated only schematically. Obviously, the fine selector contacts one of the taps 16 of the regulating winding 14. It is now intended to switch over the preselector 28 from the first end 30 to the second end 32 of the tap winding 14.
(12) For this purpose, as illustrated in FIG. 1b, initially the third bridge switch 24 is closed so that the polarity resistance 34 is now connectable with the primary winding 12 by the still-open vacuum switch 38.
(13) In FIG. 1C the vacuum switch 38 is now closed so that on the one hand, as before, the first end 30 of the tap winding 14 is connected by the first bridge switch 20 with the primary winding 12, but on the other hand the polarity resistance 34 is also connected by the third bridge switch 24 and the vacuum switch 38 with the primary winding 12.
(14) In the next step according to FIG. 1d, now the second bridge switch 22 and also the fourth bridge switch 26 are also closed so that now the preselector 28 and also the polarity resistance 34 are connected by the vacuum switch and correspondingly by the first and second bridge switches 20, 22 with the primary winding 12.
(15) In the next step according to FIG. 1e, the first bridge switch 20 and the third bridge switch 24 are opened, whereby the preselector 28 continues to be connected only by the closed vacuum switch 38 with the primary winding 12, which winding is, however, directly connected by the second bridge switch 22 with the polarity resistance 34 connected with the center tap 36 of the regulating winding 14.
(16) In the next step according to FIG. if the vacuum switch 38 is opened, whereby the primary winding 12 is connected only with the center tap 36 of the regulating winding 14 by the second bridge switch 22 and the polarity resistance 34. The preselector 28 is now no longer connected with the primary winding 12, so that in the next step according to FIG. 1g this can be opened without an arc then occurring.
(17) The preselector 28 can now, as illustrated in FIG. 1h, be switched through from the neutral position illustrated in FIG. 1g to the switching position that is illustrated in FIGS. 1h and 1n which the preselector 28 is connected with the second end 32 of the regulating winding 14. Since the vacuum switch 38 is opened again, this does not lead to an arc, so that this switching-over process takes place in gas-free manner. As before, during this process the regulating winding 14 is connected by its center tap 36 and the polarity resistance 34 with the primary winding 12, which prevents occurrence of high voltages.
(18) As shown in FIG. 1i, the vacuum switch 38 is now closed, which has the consequence that now the second end 32 of the regulating winding 14 is connected by the preselector 28, the closed fourth bridge circuit 26 and also the closed vacuum switch 38 with the primary winding 12. Since this connection is realized through the vacuum switch 38, this switching process also takes place without production of an arc and thus in gas-free manner.
(19) After the connection of the preselector 28 by the vacuum switch 38, the first bridge switch 20 can now, as in FIG. 1j, be closed again so that the preselector 28 is directly connected with the primary winding 12 by the first bridge switch 20. Here it must be added that by virtue of the coupling of the regulating winding 14 to the primary winding 12 via the polarity resistance 34 the difference in potential or the switching current at the vacuum switch 38 is significantly reduced so that the vacuum switch is, by comparison, subject to less loading during the switching process.
(20) In the next step according to FIG. 1k, the second bridge switch 22 is now opened again so that the polarity resistance 34 remains connected with the primary winding 12 only by the closed vacuum switch 38. The vacuum switch 38 is now opened, as illustrated in FIG. 1l. The polarity resistance 34 is thereby separated from the primary winding 12. The regulating winding 14 is thus still connected with the primary winding 12 only by its second end 32 via the preselector 28 and the first bridge circuit 20, as thus represented by the intended switching-over position of the preselector. Finally, as is shown in FIG. 1m, the third bridge switch 24 is opened so that the starting position according to FIG. 1a is again reached, but with the difference that the primary winding 12 is now connected by the preselector 28 with the second end 32 of the regulating winding 14 instead of with the first end 30 of the regulating winding 14 prior to the switching-over process.
(21) This switching sequence makes it clear that arc-free switching of not only the preselector 28, but also of the polarity circuit during the switching-over process of the preselector 28 can be performed with only a single vacuum switch 38.
(22) FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention. Parts identical with or functionally the same as FIG. 1 are in that case provided with the same reference numerals. In the circuit according to FIG. 2 the transformer 40 similarly has, as first and second windings, a primary winding 12 and a regulating winding 14. The primary winding 12 is connectable with the first end 30 or the second end 32 of the regulating winding 14 by a series circuit of a first switch 42, for example a vacuum interrupter, and the preselector 28. The polarity circuit is formed by a polarity resistance 34 that is connected with the tap winding 14 by a separate center tap 44. The polarity resistance is connectable with the primary winding 12 by a second switch 46. The second switch 46 can be constructed as a vacuum interrupter. In this circuit separate switches 42, 46, which then have to be correspondingly actuated, are provided not only for connection of the preselector 28 with the primary winding 12, but also for the connection of the polarity resistance 34 with the primary winding 12, so that both the preselector 28 and the polarity circuit can be switched in gas-free manner. With respect to actuation of the preselector 28 this means that prior to separation of the preselector 28 the first switch 42 is opened and the first switch 42 is closed again only after the switching-over of the preselector 28.
(23) With respect to actuation of the second switch 46 this means that the second switch 46 is closed before the first switch 42 is opened. The second switch 46 is opened again only when the preselector 28 has switched over and the first switch 42 is closed again. After closing of the second switch 46, the regulating winding is connected by the polarity resistance 34 and the polarity circuit 47 with the load tapping point 19.
(24) FIG. 3 shows a embodiment of the invention that is almost identical with FIG. 2, wherein again parts that are identical and functionally the same are provided with the same reference numerals. By contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 2, an additional auxiliary switch 48 is provided in FIG. 3, which is mechanically or electrically coupled with the preselector 28 by a coupling 50.
(25) It is alternatively also possible to couple the actuation of the first and second vacuum switches 42, 46 by an electrical or mechanical coupling, in which case the coupling is to make possible actuation of the vacuum switches 42, 46 with an offset in time.
(26) FIG. 4 shows a regulating transformer 60 such as used, for example, as a power transformer in the field of power supply. The transformer 60 has two high-voltage windings in the form of a primary winding 62 as first winding and a regulating winding 64 as second winding that has several taps as in FIG. 1. The regulating transformer 60 additionally includes a preselector 66 that is constructed as a reverser and the tap 68 of which is connected with the primary winding 62, the preselector being able to switch between two switch contacts 70, 72 that are each connected with a respective one of the two end contacts of the regulating winding 64. A first switch 74 is arranged in the connection between the primary winding 14 and the reverser 66. The advantage of this embodiment according to the invention is that during switching-over of the reverser 66 the first switch 74 can be opened so that the preselector 66 can be switched free of voltage and thus free of gas, i.e. without producing an arc in the oil. The first switch 74 is closed again only after the switching-over of the reverser 66. The first switch 74 is preferably a switch that switches in gas-free manner, as illustrated in, for example, one of FIGS. 5a to 5e.
(27) The switching configurations shown in FIGS. 5a to 5d can be used as a first switch 74 in the switching arrangement of FIG. 4.
(28) FIG. 5a shows, as first switch, a vacuum switch 76, for example a vacuum interrupter known per se. The advantage of this switch resides in the encapsulated and thus gas-free switching so that the switching processes of the first switch 74 take place in connection with the switching-over process of the preselector in similarly gas-free manner.
(29) FIG. 5b shows, as first switch 74, a switching arrangement 78 in the form of a parallel connection of a vacuum switch 80 with a mechanical load switch 82. The vacuum switch 80 can in that case be used for the pure switching-over process, whilst the mechanical load switch 82 takes over the permanent contact-making so as to preserve the vacuum switch. This switching arrangement 78 has a long service life.
(30) FIG. 5c shows a switching arrangement 84 according to FIG. 5b, in which parts that are identical or functionally the same are provided with the identical reference numerals. In addition to the switching arrangement 78 in FIG. 5b, this switching arrangement 84 additionally has a varistor 86 by which the part of the switching arrangement connected with the primary winding 12 is grounded. This varistor conducts excess voltages away from the switching arrangement during the switching process that, for example, protects the vacuum switch 80, the mechanical load switch 82 as well as the primary winding 12 and regulating winding 14. If instead of the varistor or additionally to the varistor (in parallel connection) a capacitor or resistor is also provided, high-frequency induction voltages during the switching-over process of the preselector are also effectively dissipated.
(31) Finally, FIG. 5d shows a switching arrangement 92 consisting of a series circuit of a first selector switch 94, a parallel circuit of two diodes 96, 98 connected in opposite sense, a conductor 100 and an auxiliary switch 102. The selector switch can be selectably switched to one of the two diodes 96, 98 or to the conductor. The start instant for switching of the diodes 96, 98 can be set by the auxiliary switch 102. It is thus possible to switch during the zero transition of the alternating voltage and therefore in gas-free manner.
(32) FIG. 6 shows a preselector 104 that can, for example, be arranged coaxially with respect to a fine selector or load selector. Reference is made to FIG. 4 (reverser 66) with regard to the switching configuration of the preselector 104. The two switch contacts 70, 72 connected with the ends of the regulating winding are in that case arranged to be stationary. The preselector 104 includes a switch group 106, which is movable in or counter to the arrow direction, with three switch elements S1, S0 and S2 that co-operate with the stationary switch contacts 70, 72. The two outer switch elements S1 and S2 are connected by a vacuum switch 108 with the center switch contact S0 that is in turn connected with the tap 68 of the preselector 104. This is connected with the primary winding 12 directly or by a first switch 74.
(33) The outer switch elements S1 and S2 are so movable by the co-operation with the stationary switch contacts 70, 72 that they can actuate the vacuum switch 108. It is thereby ensured that the separation of the switching configuration from a stationary switch contact 70, 72 always takes place by the vacuum switch 108 and thus in gas-free manner.
(34) A switching sequence of that kind is now illustrated in FIGS. 7a to 7d. FIG. 7a shows the switching group 106 in connecting setting. The center switch element in that case directly connects the stationary switch contacts 70 or 72 with the tap 68 of the preselector 104. The two outer switch elements S1 and S2 are constructed in the form of a snap switch and have a rotatably mounted tongue 110 that is connected with a setting lever 112 to be secure against rotation relative thereto. The setting lever 112 interacts with an actuating element 114 of the vacuum switch, by which the vacuum switch can be opened or closed. In unactuated state of the actuating element 114, the vacuum switch 108 is closed. Here the current flows from the stationary switch contacts 70, 72 by S0 to the diverter 86.
(35) If the switch group 106 is moved in arrow direction (FIG. 7b), the stationary contact 70, 72 slides away from the center switch element S0 and initially contacts the tongue 110. In that case the tongue 110 of the first, outer switch element S1 deflects. The conductive connection between 70, 72 is now separated here and the current flows from the contact 70, 72 via the tongue 110 and the vacuum switch 108 to the tap 68. The setting lever 112 of this switch element S1 is thereby rotated upward, in which case it pushes the actuating element 114 of the vacuum switch 108 upward (FIG. 7c), as a result of which this is opened. Since no current now flows, 70, 72 can be detached from 110. This opening takes place through the vacuum switch 108 in the encapsulated space and thus in gas-free manner with respect to the oil medium. FIG. 7d shows the preselector 104 in completely opened setting between the stationary contacts 70, 72.
(36) The invention is not restricted to the above-described embodiments, but can be varied within the scope of protection of the following claims.
(37) With respect to the embodiment of FIG. 1 it is to be added that the polarity resistance 34 can, instead of the center tap 36, also be connectable by a further switch with a respective one of the two ends 30, 32 of the tap winding 14 or a respective polarity resistance 34 can be connectable at each end 30, 32 with the load tap point 19 by a respective vacuum switch.
