Method for battery management and battery management system

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for managing a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells, wherein a maximum value of a current that can be delivered by the battery is adjusted on the basis of a frequency distribution (44) of a root mean square current delivered by the battery. The invention further relates to a battery management system and a computer program for carrying out said method as well as to a motor vehicle comprising a battery which includes a battery management system of said type.

Claims

1. A method for managing a battery (16) comprising a plurality of battery cells (19), the method comprising: adjusting a maximum value of a current delivered by the battery (16) based on a frequency distribution (44) of a root mean square current delivered by the battery (16); determing data about a proportion in a low current intensity range (36), a first proportion in a first high current intensity range (38), and a second proportion in a second high current intensity range (40), from the frequency distribution (44); and controlling the battery (16) using a function of setpoint values for the proportions in the first and second high current intensity range (38, 40); wherein the first high current intensity range (38) is set lower than the second high current intensity range (40).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control only takes place within a warranted operating time for the battery (16).

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the closer a current operating time gets to an end of the warranted operating time, the control is weakened as a function of a ratio of a current operating time to the warranted operating time.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a first setpoint value for the first high current intensity range (38) lies between 10% and 50%.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first high current intensity range (38) lies between 60 A and 100 A and the second high current intensity range (40) between 100 A and 130 A.

6. A non-transitory computer readable medium having a computer program for carrying out one of the methods according to claim 1 when the program is executed on a programmable computer device.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a second setpoint value for the high current intensity range (40) lies between 1% and 10%.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a first setpoint value for the first high current intensity range (38) lies between 10% and 50% and a second setpoint value for the high current intensity range (40) lies between 1% and 10%.

9. A battery management system of a battery (16) comprising a plurality of battery cells (19), said battery management system comprising a unit (26) for determining a root mean square current delivered by the battery (16), a unit (30) for evaluating a frequency distribution (44) of the root mean square current delivered by the battery (16) and a unit (32) for adjusting a maximum value of a current that can be delivered by the battery (16) on the basis of results of the unit (30) for evaluating the frequency distribution (44), wherein the battery management system of the battery (16) determines data about a proportion in a low current intensity range (36), a first proportion in a first high current intensity range (38), and a second proportion in a second high current intensity range (40), from the frequency distribution (44); and controls the battery (16) using a function of setpoint values for the proportions in the first and second high current intensity range (38, 40), wherein the first high current intensity range (38) is set lower than the second high current intensity range (40).

10. A vehicle (10) comprising a battery (16) which has a battery management system according to claim 9.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Exemplary embodiments of the invention are depicted in the drawings and explained in detail in the following description.

(2) In the drawings:

(3) FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle comprising a battery system and

(4) FIG. 2 shows an example for a control function.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) FIG. 1 shows an at least partially electrically driven motor vehicle 10 comprising a battery system 12.

(6) The motor vehicle 10 of FIG. 1 can be designed as a purely electrically driven vehicle or as a hybrid vehicle which additionally has an internal combustion engine. To this end, the motor vehicle 10 is equipped with an electrical drive system 14 which drives the motor vehicle 10 as least partially electrically via an electric motor (not depicted).

(7) The electrical energy is provided by a battery 16. The battery 16 comprises a plurality of battery cells 19 or accumulator cells, for example lithium-ion cells having a voltage range of 2.8 to 4.2 V. The battery cells 19 are consolidated in groups to battery modules 20 and connected here in series and in part additionally in parallel in order to achieve the required power and energy data with the battery 16.

(8) The battery 16 is part of a battery system 12 which furthermore comprises a battery management system. The battery management system comprises a main control device 18 and a plurality of sensor control devices 17 which are assigned to the battery modules 20.

(9) In order to monitor individual battery cells 19 or battery modules 20, said sensor control devices are equipped with cell monitoring units 22 or module monitoring units 23, which continuously, with defined sampling rates, acquire operating parameters as measured values, said operating parameters including voltages, amperages or temperatures of individual battery cells 19 or individual battery modules 20. The acquired measured values are then provided to sensor control devices 17. The sensor control devices 17 receive the measured values of the sensors of the cell monitoring units 22 and module monitoring units 23 and provide, if need be, the measured values with time stamps and send said measured values via a communication channel 24, for example a SPI bus (serial peripheral interface bus) or a CAN bus (controller area network bus) to the main control device 18.

(10) The main control device 18 implements functions for controlling and monitoring the battery 16. The main control device 18 comprises a unit 26 for determining a root mean square current delivered by the battery 16. The unit 26 for determining the root mean square current calculates this according to the following equation:

(11) ${\left(I_{\mathrm{RMS}}\right)}^2=\frac{1}{t2}{}_1^{t+t2}{I}^2\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}$

(12) The time period t.sub.2 is, for example, between 10 ms and 60 s, preferably about 0.1 s long. The root is determined for each measured value, with which an I.sub.RMS value is formed. The I.sub.RMS values are stored in a memory unit 28, where said values form a frequency distribution 44, which is described in reference to FIG. 2.

(13) The main control device 18 comprises a second unit 30 for evaluating the frequency distribution 44, which has access to the memory unit 28. The unit 30 for evaluating the frequency distribution 44 determines in which current intensity range 36, 38, 40 the I.sub.RMS value falls. If the I.sub.RMS value lies below 60 A, said value falls in the low current intensity range 36, if said I.sub.RMS value lies between 60 A and 100 A, it then falls in the first high current intensity range 38, and if

(14) said I.sub.RMS value lies between 100 A and 130 A, it then falls in the second high current intensity range 40. The current intensity ranges 36, 38, 40 are discussed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2.

(15) According to this completed quantization, the unit 30 for evaluating the frequency distribution 44 defines the percentages of the I.sub.RMS values in the first high current intensity range, i.e. P_i(I.sub.35%), in the second high current intensity range 40, i.e. P_i(I.sub.3%) and in the low current intensity range 36, i.e. P_i(I.sub.100%), and provides this to a unit 32 for adjusting maximum value of the current that can be delivered by the battery 16.

(16) The unit 32 for adjusting the maximum value of the current that can be delivered by the battery 16 controls the maximum value on the basis of the frequency distribution 44 of the root mean square current delivered by the battery, in particular on the basis of the I.sub.RMS value.

(17) To this end, the unit for adjusting the maximum value is connected to an effective device 34, which is disposed between the battery 16 and a drive system 14. The effective device is equipped to put the maximum value into practice, for example, by non-compliance with the power specifications of the battery 16 desired by the driver of the motor vehicle 10 per gas pedal.

(18) The unit 32 for adjusting the maximum value determines in a first step:
I.sub.RMS.sub._.sub.MAX=I.sub.3%RMS+w(P_i(I.sub.35%)P(I.sub.3%)).Math.(I.sub.35%I.sub.3%),
wherein the concrete percentage values, 3% and 35%, are to be understood by way of example and, of course, another percentage value can be defined.

(19) I.sub.RMS.sub._.sub.MAX is then the calculated new allowed limit value of the current.

(20) P_i(I.sub.35%) is the proportion of the frequency distribution 44 in the first high current intensity range 38 from the memory unit 28, i.e. the actual value of the current distribution of the corresponding I from the historical memory, P (I.sub.3%) is a setpoint value for the first high current intensity range 38 from specifications, e.g. from a cell data sheet.

(21) I.sub.3%RMS is a defined value, which, e.g. comes from the cell data sheet. The setpoint value of the distribution, i.e. P(I.sub.3%) is a part of this value.

(22) w is a weighting factor, namely:

(23) $w=1-\frac{\mathrm{takt}}{\mathrm{tgw}}\mathrm{and}w=0,\mathrm{in}\mathrm{the}\mathrm{event}{t}_{\mathrm{akt}}>t_{\mathrm{gw}}$

(24) If the actual value of the distribution is greater than the setpoint value, which is mostly the case, the calculated value I.sub.RMS.sub._.sub.MAX becomes smaller as a whole, which reduces the maximum average currents in the battery. This is the goal of the algorithm, namely a restriction that is as efficient as possible. This is later also still reversible, which represents an advantage.

(25) If the actual value of the distribution is smaller than the setpoint value, which is very seldom the case, the calculated value I.sub.RMS.sub._.sub.MAX would become greater as a whole. This must not happen and, therefore, the unit 32 determines the maximum value in a second step according to the equation:
I.sub.RMS.sub._.sub.MAX=min(I.sub.RMS.sub._.sub.MAX; I.sub.3%RMS)

(26) FIG. 2 shows an example of a control, which reflects one concept underlying the invention. The I.sub.RMS value is depicted in the x-direction. In the y-direction, the diagram shows a scale which extends from 0 to 100%. Three ranges are depicted for the square root of the root mean square current delivered by the battery, namely the low current intensity range 36, the first high current intensity range 38 and the second high current intensity range 40. The low current intensity range 36 lies below 60 A, the first high current intensity range 38 lies between 60 A and 100 A and the second high current intensity range 40 between 100 A and 130 A.

(27) An ideal frequency distribution 42 according to the data sheet is furthermore depicted as well as a frequency distribution 44 after the evaluation of the memory unit 28.

(28) The two arrows 46 indicate how the frequency distribution 44 is influenced with the aid of the control function described with reference to FIG. 1 such that the proportion of the second high current intensity range 40 of the admissible total operating time is not exceeded.

(29) In the frequency distribution 44, the control algorithm, if required, gradually takes back the admissible I.sub.RMS.sub._.sub.MAX value so that 3% operating time for the increased discharge currents from the second high current intensity range is not exceeded. In so doing, the frequency of the flowed discharge currents, i.e. P_i(I.sub.3%)is influenced. The I.sub.RMS.sub._.sub.MAX value is continuously calculated. The maximum possible I.sub.3%RMS value is thereby made available to the gentle drivers. Dynamic drivers obtain in a gentle manner a delimited, i.e. equilibrated I.sub.3%RMS value. In the case of the dynamic drivers driving again in a gentle manner, the equilibrated I.sub.3%RMS value is also again adjusted upwards for them. The warranted operating time is ideally achieved.

(30) The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described here and the aspects emphasized therein. In fact, a multiplicity of modifications, which lie within the scope of the operations of a person skilled in the art, is possible within the area specified by the claims.