Method of manufacturing a sliding bearing

Abstract

This sliding bearing comprises a pair of semicircular half bearings formed into a cylindrical shape by bringing both circumferential ends thereof into contact with each other. The axial width of the half bearings is narrower in both circumferential ends and the circumferential center, and wider in the quarter parts located therebetween. During manufacturing of the half bearings, finishing by cutting processing is first performed on the parts of a flat-plate material which after formation are to become the two axial-direction end faces and the two circumferential-direction end faces of the half bearings, and thereafter, the flat-plate material is deformed into a semicircle.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a sliding bearing comprising steps of: providing a plurality of flat-plate materials; deforming the plurality of flat-plate materials into semi-cylindrical half bearings; finishing by cutting parts of the semi-cylindrical half bearings which are to be both axial end surfaces and both peripheral end surfaces of the semi-cylindrical half bearings; and connecting respective peripheral ends of a pair of finished semi-cylindrical half bearings to one another to form a cylindrical sliding bearing; wherein the step of deforming includes steps of: roughly bending the plurality of flat-plate materials into semi-cylindrical half bearings by pressing the plurality of flat-plate materials; finishing bending the rough bended semi-cylindrical half bearings by pressing the end surfaces of both peripheral ends of the semi-cylindrical half bearings so as to deform an axial width of each half bearing such that an axial width of a quarter part of the half bearing is longer than axial widths of the peripheral ends and a central part.

2. The method of manufacturing the sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein at the time of finishing the end surfaces of the plurality of flat-plate materials, slant surfaces are formed at positions to be at sides of inner peripheral surfaces of the half bearings after finishing, and the slant surfaces are made into chamfered shapes of the inner peripheral surfaces of the half bearings.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a sliding bearing according to this embodiment.

(2) FIG. 2 is a development of a half bearing along a peripheral direction.

(3) FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a flat-plate member.

(4) FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a first pressing means performing rough bending.

(5) FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a second pressing means performing finish bending.

(6) FIG. 6 is a diagram of results of an experiment.

(7) FIG. 7 is a diagram of results of an experiment.

(8) FIG. 8 is a diagram of results of the experiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) An embodiment shown in the drawings is explained FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part of an engine and shows a crankshaft 2 which is pivoted rotatably concerning a cylinder block 1 and a sliding bearing 3 which pivots the crankshaft 2 to the cylinder block 1.

(10) A semicircular recess in which an upper side in the drawing of the sliding bearing 3 is housed is formed in the cylinder block 1, and a cap 4 in which a semicircular recess fixing the sliding bearing 3 to the cylinder block 1 is fixed to a lower part of the cylinder block 1 with bolts (not shown).

(11) The sliding bearing 3 includes a pair of upper and lower semicircular half bearings 11 and 12 and is configured cylindrically by engaging peripheral ends of the half bearings 11 and 12 with each other.

(12) A back plate made by metal such as stainless steel is formed in an outer peripheral surface of each of the half bearings 11 and 12. A sliding surface layer made by metal such as aluminum is laminated on an inner peripheral surface of the back plate (see FIG. 3), and fine slots are formed peripherally in a surface of the sliding surface layer.

(13) In the sliding bearing 3, an oil supply hole 11a (when an oil groove is firmed along a peripheral direction, from the oil supply hole 11a via the oil groove) which is communicated with an oil supply path 1a formed in the cylinder block 1 is formed in the half bearing 11 of the side of the cylinder block 1, and lubricating oil is supplied via the oil supply hole 11a to a space between the sliding bearing 3 and the crankshaft 2.

(14) FIG. 2 is a drawing of the half bearing 12 of the side of the cap developed along a peripheral direction for explanation. Since the half bearing 11 of the side of the cylinder block 1 has substantially the same configuration as the half bearing 12 of the side of the cap 4, detailed explanation of the half bearing 11 is omitted.

(15) As shown in FIG. 2, in the half bearing 12 of the sliding bearing 3 in this embodiment, widths of both peripheral ends 12a and a central part 12b are small and a width of quarter part 12c positioned therebetween is large. For example, the width of the quarter part 12c is larger than widths of the peripheral ends 12a and the central part 12b about 300 to 400 m.

(16) Both axial end surfaces 12d of the half bearing 12 are finished with cutting processing by a manufacturing method explained below. Namely, in this embodiment, the width of the half bearing 12 in an axial direction is uneven and the axial end surfaces of the half bearing 12 are finished.

(17) Furthermore, a chamfered shape 12e (see FIG. 3) is formed in each of inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the half bearing 12.

(18) The half bearings 11 and 12 configured as the above are combined and the engine is equipped with the sliding bearing 3 as shown in FIG. 1, whereby below effect can be obtained.

(19) Firstly, a connecting rod whose tip is provided thereon with a piston is pivoted on the crankshaft 2 of the engine, and when explosion occurs in a combustion chamber hole in which the piston is housed, pressure of the explosion is applied to the crankshaft 2 via the piston and the connecting rod.

(20) Large load generated by the explosion is applied to a contact surface with the sliding bearing 3 via the crankshaft 2. The large load is applied especially to the quarter part 12c of the half bearing 12 at the side of the cap 4.

(21) Then, it is necessary that a connection range of the quarter part 12c with the crankshaft 2 is set large and an oil film between the crankshaft 2 and the sliding bearing 3 is secured so as to bear the large load.

(22) On the other hand, the large load as the above is not applied to the peripheral ends 12a and the central part 12b of the half bearing 12, whereby sliding resistance between these parts and the crankshaft 2 is preferably reduced.

(23) However, in the conventional half bearing, since the width in the axial direction is fixed, the widths of the peripheral ends and the central part must be set large corresponding to the width of the quarter part to which the large load is applied, whereby the sliding resistance of the peripheral ends and the central part is increased and fuel efficiency is worsened.

(24) On the other hand, according to the sliding bearing 3 of this embodiment, the width of the quarter part 12c to which the large load is applied is large and the widths of the peripheral ends 12a and the central part 12b are small, whereby the sliding resistance can be reduced at the part to which the large load is not applied while securing enough oil film at the part to which the large load is applied.

(25) Next, an explanation will be given on the manufacturing method of the sliding bearing 3 having the above configuration.

(26) Firstly, a long and narrow material wound coil-like is supplied intermittently by a predetermined length at a time, and the long and narrow material is cut along a direction perpendicularly a lengthwise direction thereof, whereby a flat-plate material 21 which is strip-like shaped is obtained.

(27) Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3, end surfaces of four sides of the flat-plate material 21 are cut, parts which are made into the axial end surfaces 12d and the peripheral end surfaces 12a are finished when the flat-plate material 21 is made into the half bearing 12.

(28) At the time of the cutting processing of the flat-plate material 21, slant surfaces are formed at positions at the side of inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the half bearing 12 when the flat-plate material 21 is shaped into the half bearing 12, whereby the slant surfaces are made into the chamfered shapes 12e of the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the half bearing 12 when the flat-plate material 21 is made into the half bearing 12.

(29) By cutting the end surfaces of the flat-plate material 21 as the above, in the manufacturing method of the sliding bearing 3 according to the present invention, it is not necessary to cut the axial end surfaces of the half bearing 12 after the flat-plate material 21 is shaped into the half bearing 12, whereby cost of the processing can be reduced in comparison with the conventional manufacturing method that axial end surfaces of a material shaped semicircular are cut.

(30) After the flat-plate material 21 is obtained as the above, rough bending that the flat-plate material is pressure-deformed into a semicircular material 22 with a first pressing means 23 shown in FIG. 4 is performed.

(31) The first pressing means 23 includes a lower mold 23a in which a recess is formed and an upper mold 23b which presses the flat-plate material 21 downward so as to pinch it with the lower mold 23a and deform it into the semicircular material 22.

(32) The first pressing means 23 does not compress both peripheral end surfaces 22a of the semicircular material 22 to be shaped and only deforms the flat-plate material 21 semicircular.

(33) After obtaining the semicircular material 22 with the rough bending as the above, finish bending of the semicircular material 22 is performed with a second pressing means 24 shown in FIG. 5.

(34) The second pressing means 24 includes a lower mold 24a in which a recess housing the semicircular material 22 is formed, and an upper mold 24b which presses the peripheral end surfaces 22a of the semicircular material 22 along the peripheral direction thereof.

(35) In the finish bending process, by pressing the peripheral end surfaces 22a of the semicircular material 22 with the upper mold 24b, so-called coining is performed so as to maintain the semicircular material 22 at a fixed shape.

(36) Subsequently, by cutting the inner peripheral surface of the semicircular material 22 obtained by the above process, the sliding surface layer with the crankshaft 2 is finished, whereby the half bearing 12 is obtained.

(37) At this time, as mentioned above, the axial end surfaces 12d and the peripheral end surfaces 12a of the half bearing 12 are not cut.

(38) When the flat-plate material 21 is shaped semicircular with the first pressing means and the second pressing means, the width of the quarter part 12c of the half bearing 12 is longer than the widths of the peripheral ends 12a and the central part 12b by extension of the material or the like, whereby the half bearing 12 mentioned above can be obtained.

(39) Since the axial end surfaces 12d are finished previously by the cutting processing before the above shaping, the half bearing 12 whose width in the axial direction is not uniform can be manufactured easily.

(40) FIGS. 6 to 8 show results of experiments concerning the sliding bearing 3 according to this embodiment, and comparative experiments of the half bearing 12 obtained by the manufacturing method according to the present invention (invention) with the half bearing of the conventional manufacturing method, that is, the half bearing whose axial end surfaces are cut and finished after deforming the flat-plate material semicircular (conventional product).

(41) FIG. 6 is measurement of straightness of a rear surface at the side of the outer peripheral surface of the half bearing 12 of each of the invention and the conventional product. The straightness is measured at positions of 20, 90 (the central part 12b) and 160 along the axial direction of the half bearing 12 concerning the center of the half bearing 12.

(42) According to the results of the experiment, it is found that the invention has better straightness than the conventional product. That is guessed that the axial end surfaces are cut after the semicircular deformation in the conventional product, whereby internal stress accumulated in the material deformed semicircular is released and causes the bad straightness.

(43) When the straightness of the rear surface of the half bearing 12 is good, adhesion with the cylinder block 1 and the cap 4 is improved and sludge and the like are prevented from entering a space therebetween, whereby load resistant is improved as shown by below results of the experiments.

(44) FIG. 7 shows results of fatigue tests concerning reciprocating load of the invention and the conventional product. Two samples of the conventional product and three samples of the invention are tested.

(45) As conditions of the experiment, instead of the crankshaft, a rotation shaft is pivoted by the sliding bearing 3 and rotated at 3000 rpm. Surface pressure of 57 MPa is applied intermittently from the rotation shaft to the sliding bearing 3 while temperature at the side of the rear surface of the sliding bearing 3 is maintained at 170 C. Then, number of repetition until the sliding bearing 3 is broken by fatigue is measured.

(46) According to the results of the experiment, it is understood that the number of repetition of the invention is higher than that of the conventional product, whereby fatigue resistance of the invention is higher than that of the conventional product.

(47) FIG. 8 shows correlation of the straightness of the rear surface of the sliding bearing 3 and the fatigue resistance of the sliding bearing 3 concerning the reciprocating load according to the result of the measurement of FIG. 6 and the result of the experiment of FIG. 7. A vertical axis shows the number of repetition until the fatigue occurs, and a horizontal axis shows the straightness of the rear surface of the peripheral central part 12b of the sample.

(48) According to FIG. 8, it is understood that the sliding bearing 3 having the good straightness of the rear surface shows the higher fatigue resistance than the sliding bearing 3 having the bad straightness.

(49) In the invention, the axial end surfaces 12d are finished previously by the cutting processing before the flat-plate material 21 is deformed semicircular, and any cutting processing is not performed after the deformation, whereby the sliding bearing 3 having the good straightness of the rear surface can be obtained easily.

(50) On the other hand, the flat-plate material is shaped semicircular and then the axial end surfaces are cut as the conventional product, whereby the straightness of the rear surface is worsened and the fatigue resistance is worsened.

(51) If the half bearing 12 whose width is changed with the positions is shaped semicircular and then the axial end surfaces 12d are obtained by the cutting processing conventionally, this cutting processing is difficult and the cost is increased.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(52) According to the present invention, a sliding bearing having suitable widths with positions to which loads are applied can be obtained, thereby being useful industrially.