Abstract
An apparatus for a thermal treatment of a textile web includes at least one drum with a perforated casing surface around which a material web can be at least partially wrapped, at least one connecting element, and a patterning shell with a plurality of openings separated by ridges fitted onto the casing of the drum. The patterning shell includes at least two segments detachably connected with aid of the at least one connecting element. The at least one connecting element is arranged on or integrated into a ridge.
Claims
1. An apparatus for a thermal treatment of a textile web, comprising: at least one drum with a perforated casing surface around which a material web can be at least partially wrapped; at least one connecting element; and a patterning shell with a plurality of openings separated by ridges fitted onto the casing of the drum, wherein the patterning shell includes at least two segments detachably connected with aid of the at least one connecting element, and wherein the at least one connecting element is arranged on or integrated into one of the ridges.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including a connecting element comprising a hinge or rotary joint to connect between the at least two segments.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connecting element comprises a pivot that connects two side-by-side arranged segments.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each of the side-by-side arranged segments includes at least one bore hole to accommodate the pivot which engages in a recess in a ridge of the adjacent segment.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connecting element is arranged parallel to a longitudinal axis of the drum.
6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the connecting element is arranged at an angle to a longitudinal axis of the drum.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drum is completely enclosed by a number of segments.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a compensating element arranged between the at least two segments.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1, further including mandrels and brackets, wherein two adjacent segments are joined with the aid of at least one bracket, and wherein the mandrels operate jointly with the at least one bracket to join the segments.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the at least one bracket is accommodated in a depression of the drum.
11. The apparatus according to 1, wherein the segments of the patterning shell are spring-tensioned and are attached to at least one end face of the drum.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the segments of the patterning shell are fastened with the aid of at least one circulating belt.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) Further measures that improve the invention are explained in detail in the following with the aid of the description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention and the accompanying Figures, wherein:
(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic representation, showing a cross-section through a drier or thermobonder.
(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective representation of a drum with patterning shell.
(4) FIG. 3 is an enlarged detail of a patterning shell.
(5) FIG. 4 is a further variant of a divided patterning shell.
(6) FIG. 5 is a further embodiment of a divided patterning shell.
(7) FIG. 6 is a sectional view through the drum with patterning shell.
(8) FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view through the drum with patterning shell.
(9) FIG. 8 is another schematic sectional view through the drum with patterning shell.
(10) FIG. 9 is another schematic sectional view, showing a cross section through a drier or thermobonder.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(11) FIG. 1 shows an Omega-type drier or thermobonder according to the prior art, operated with hot air. The material web 1 to be dried enters the intake area 4 of the drier via a deflection drum 2, wraps itself in clockwise direction around the air-permeable drum 5 and then exits the drier again via a different deflection drum 3. The material web 1 can consist of a bonded web of fibers or filaments. Frequently, the material web 1 consists of a pile warp of loose staple fibers arriving from the carding machine. The pile warp is transported on a conveyor belt from the carding machine to the drum 2. The deflection drum 2 can be embodied as a suction drum designed to transport the loose pile warp to the drum 5 of the drier or thermobonder. The deflection drum 3 can also be embodied as suction drum to cool down the thermally bonded nonwoven or the dried material web with the aid of ambient air. The drum 5, as well as the two deflection drums 2, 3 are arranged inside a housing 7 into which hot air is conducted via means not shown herein. The hot air flows through the material web 1, dries this web or heats up the material web to the melting temperature of the bonding fiber or other bicomponent fibers and is then suctioned off with the aid of a fan arranged in the drum 5 end face, which is not shown herein. In the process, the drum 5 is subjected to a vacuum, so that different flow conditions occur in the drier.
(12) According to an exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drum 5 can be fitted with a screen cloth 6 which consists of wires having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The wire spacing for fine screens is approximately 0.3 mm and for rougher screens can increase to 1.5 mm. This screen cloth 6 is designed to prevent fibers from entering the drum 5 once it is subjected to a vacuum. With a structured thermobond, it is possible to sometimes omit the screen cloth.
(13) The patterning shell 10 according to the invention, which is provided with a plurality of openings 13, respectively having a size or edge length b of 1 to 30 mm, is fitted onto the screen cloth 6 or directly onto the drum 5. The openings 13, which in this case are rectangular or square, are always surrounded on all sides by ridges 14 which delimit the openings 13 and can have a width of 1 to 10 mm. The patterning shell 10 can have a wall thickness of 0.5 to 6 mm, preferably ranging from 1.5 to 4 mm.
(14) FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a portion of the patterning shell, shown enlarged in FIG. 3 shows the outside of the patterning shell 10 where the material web is being processed. Instead of the rectangular or square openings 13, the patterning shell can also have diamond-shaped, rectangular, round or optionally formed openings.
(15) According to the invention, the patterning shell 10 for the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is composed of four individual segments 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d which can be joined and arranged around the drum 5. This arrangement has the advantage that each segment 11a-11d can be transported individually via a mounting opening into the drier or thermobonder, without having to dismantle the housing. Each segment 11a-11d in this case preferably matches the length of the drum 5. At least 2, preferably 4 to 6, segments of the patterning shell 10 are advantageously fitted onto the circumference of the drum 5.
(16) So that the connected segments 11a-11d do not leave impressions in the fibrous material, a connecting element 12 can be affixed to or integrated into a ridge 14, thus making the connecting element 12 a part of the patterning shell 10. Alternatively, the connection of the segments 11a-11d can also be arranged on the underside of the patterning shell 10, meaning facing the drum. The connecting element 12 can thus engage in an opening or recess in the drum 5 to create a uniform and even pattern on the material web.
(17) According to one embodiment, the segments 11a-11d of the patterning shell 10 are connected detachably. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, an upper first segment 11a shows a ridge 14a that is delimited toward the outside (downward). A lower second segment 11b also shows a ridge 14b that is delimited toward the outside (upward). Both ridges 14a, 14b are arranged relative to each other so as to correspond to the total width of a normal ridge width and such that the pattern does not become irregular at this connecting location.
(18) On the left half of the representation showing the ridge 14b, the lower segment 11b is provided for this with a recess 16b in which a section of the ridge 14a can engage. This section of the ridge 14a contains a bore hole 15a.
(19) On the right side of the representation, the ridge 14a of the upper segment 11a contains a recess 16a in which a portion of the ridge 14b can engage. This portion of the ridge 14b also contains a bore hole 15b. The bore holes 15a, 15b can be fitted in a longitudinal direction through the ridge 14, depending on the length, or can be connected to the ridges through soldering, welding or press-fitting.
(20) A connecting element 12, in the shape of a pivot 17 that connects the segments 11a, 11b along the longitudinal axis 8 of the drum 5, is fitted into the bores holes 15a and 15b. The connection via pivot 17 is detachable since the pivot 17 is embodied such that it can be pulled out at one end of the patterning shell 10.
(21) According to this exemplary embodiment, the connection via the pivot 17 furthermore functions as a hinge, thus making it possible to insert respectively two segments 11a, 11b or several segments that are pre-assembled and folded through the mounting opening into the drier where the final assembly can take place together with the other segments 11c, 11d.
(22) According to FIG. 2, the connection between the segment 11a and the segment 11b contains several recesses 16a, 16b which alternately form an overlapping region along the length of the drum 5, wherein this region is penetrated by the connecting element 12 in the form of a pivot 17. The connection between the segment 11a and the segment 11d only has a single recesses 16d in which a ridge of the segment 11a engages.
(23) The invention has the advantage of an easier assembly of the patterning shell 10, which thus consists of individual segments 11a-11d, but that the connecting locations for the segments 11a-11d are not visible in the generated fibrous material. According to the invention, the connection 12 between the individual segments 11a-11d is embodied as a detachable connection 12 that is furthermore hinged for the present example.
(24) The bore holes 15a, 15b taking the form of a thin tube are mounted on or integrated into the ridges 14a, 14b, for example by welding, soldering or pressing on, wherein the tube can have a round, oval, square or polygonal cross section. According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the bore holes 15a, 15b are arranged along the longitudinal side of the segments 11a, 11b and precisely parallel to the longitudinal axis 8 of the drum 5.
(25) The pivot 17 can be embodied as a thin wire, for example 0.3 to 2 mm thick, which connects the hinge halves in a similar manner as a strap hinge.
(26) Of course, multiple recesses 16a, 16b can also be arranged alternating along the outer delimitation of the segments 11a, 11b, so that the pivot 17 penetrates the segments 11a and 11b alternating at multiple locations.
(27) In contrast to FIGS. 2 and 3, FIG. 4 shows a pattern on the patterning shell 10 for which the individual segments 11a-11b do not orient themselves on the longitudinal axis 8 of the drum 5 but are arranged at an angle thereto. The openings 13, which are shown herein noticeably enlarged from the actual size, can be embodied diamond-shaped or triangular and can thus orient themselves along a ridge 14 that is arranged at an angle to the longitudinal axis 8 of the drum 5, wherein the connection is arranged detachably as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Respectively one bore hole 15a, 15b in this case as well is arranged on or fitted into each ridge 14, with a pivot 17 engaging therein and thus forming a connection between the segments 11a-11d. The angled arrangement of the pivot 17, relative to the longitudinal axis 8 of the drum 5, results in a curvature of the pivot 17 which can thus function only to a limited degree as a hinge, with additional bending stress on the pivot 17 and the bore holes 15a, 15b.
(28) For the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, a patterning shell 10 consisting of five segments 11a-11e and a compensating element 18 is mounted on the drum. The segments 11a-11e are produced, for example, from perforated plates which are obtained cheaply as standard parts, to be sure, but can be supplied only for a defined width. Since an undetermined width of the patterning shell 10 must frequently be enclosed, the compensating element 18 is provided which is adapted precisely to the alignment of the openings (square and rectangle, triangle, diamond, circle) with the aid of a laser cutter, such that it can be inserted precisely into the non-covered gap along the drum circumference. As a result, pattern openings such as stars or figures can also be used in addition to the geometric openings. For the present example, the segments 11a-11e are again connected with connecting elements 12a-12d which, in the form of soldered-on tubes or inserted bores 15, respectively operate jointly with a pivot 17 to create a hinged connection for the segments 11a-11e. The same principle is used for the connection between the segments 11e and 11a and the compensating element 18. Here too, the patterning shell 10 is fitted around the drum 5 and closed via a detachable and, if applicable, hinged connection.
(29) FIG. 6 shows the fastening of the patterning shell 10 on a drum 5 in the end region of the drum 5. The openings 13 and the ridges 14 are shown enlarged for a better view. The patterning shell 10 extends lengthwise on both sides over the length of the drum 5 and is additionally tensioned and attached thereon. With the aid of a circulating angle bracket 19 on each end face of the drum 5, the patterning shell 10 is attached with these angle brackets 19 and fastening elements 22. Spring elements 20 are arranged between the angle brackets 19 and the drum 5 to ensure a tensioning of the patterning shell 10. The fastening elements 22 are arranged fixedly on one side of the drum 5 with the aid of the angle brackets 19 and are attached flexibly on the opposite side, along the longitudinal axis 8 of the drum, so that thermal stresses can also be compensated by the spring elements 20. The lengthwise tensioning of the pattern-providing drum 10 additionally ensures a flat support surface for the pattern-providing drum 10 with individual segments, thereby resulting in a uniform pattern being applied to the material web. The pattern-providing drum 10 can be attached in the edge region with the aid of a circulating belt 21.
(30) FIG. 7 schematically shows an alternative fastening option for the segments 11a, 11b of the patterning shell 10 on the drum 5, shown enlarged without the suction openings. Shown on the left is the segment 11a and on the right the segment 11b. The openings 13 are surrounded by ridges 14, wherein at the separation location the ridges 14a and 14b jointly form the normal width of a ridge 14. At the crossing point between the horizontally and vertically arranged ridges (see FIG. 3) respectively one mandrel 23a, 23b is arranged along a row of ridges, over the complete length of the segments 11a, 11b and evenly spaced, where the mandrel engages in a corresponding depression 24 in the drum. The segments 11a-11e are tensioned in the region of the end face of the drum 5 with the aid of the belt 21 shown in FIG. 6. The mandrels 23a, 23b can preferably be welded or soldered onto the crossing points. The pins can not only be arranged in the region of the longitudinal edges of the segments 11a, 11b, but can also be distributed over the complete surface of the segments 11a, 11b, wherein the corresponding depressions 24 must then also be worked into the drum 5. In any case, the arrangement of the mandrels also depends on the arrangement of the suction openings in the drum 5. This type of fastening can be combined with the previously mentioned fastenings of the segments, thus resulting in a high safety and roundness when fitting on the segments. The resulting pattern on the material web is very uniform since the segments are fastened more securely on the drum over their length and/or the surface by the type of fixation points used.
(31) Alternatively, the mandrels can also form components of the drum 5 and can engage in openings at the crossing points for the ridges, wherein the surface facing the material web must be smooth in that area, so that no irregular pattern appears on the material web.
(32) FIG. 8 also schematically shows an alternative fastening option for the segments 11a, 11b of the pattern-providing drum 10 on the drum 5, shown herein enlarged and without the suction openings. The segment 11a is shown on the left and the segment 11b on the right. The openings 13 are surrounded by ridges 14, wherein at the separating location the ridges 14a and 14b jointly have the width of a single ridge 14. At the location where the horizontal and vertical ridges cross (see FIG. 3), respectively one mandrel 23a, 23b is arranged at regular intervals in a row of ridges, over the complete length of the segments 11a, 11b. The mandrels 23a, 23b are connected via at least one bracket 25, wherein these brackets connect the segments 11a, 11b at multiple locations along the longitudinal axis. A corresponding depression 24 is arranged within the drum 5 into which the at least one bracket 25 as well as the mandrels 23a, 23b are submerged. The segments 11a-11e can be tensioned with the belt 21 shown in FIG. 6 in the end face region of the drum 5. The mandrels 23a, 23b can preferably be welded or soldered onto the crossing points. The at least one bracket 25 can consist of temperature-resistant plastic or metal, for example copper or sheet plate. When using a plastic material, the connecting element in the form of a bracket can also be embodied detachable and hinged. Even if the bracket 25 is embodied as a thin copper plate, an at least detachable and partially hinged connection is provided. For this, a bracket 25 can also be used for all mandrels of two adjacent segments 11a, 11b, wherein the bracket 25 in that case extends along the longitudinal edges of the segments 11a, 11b. Of course, this single bracket 25 can also be provided with openings that correspond to the openings in the drum 5.
(33) According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the patterning shell 10 is embodied as flexible element which is guided around the drum 5, is then guided out of the housing 7 for the drier or thermobonder and is deflected by a deflection roller 10. This patterning shell is furthermore composed of several parts, meaning individual segments, having a flexible structure. The connections between the individual segments according to this exemplary embodiment are thus always embodied hinged. As a result, the flexible patterning shell shown for this example can in principle also be used for structuring a material web on a belt furnace.
(34) According to the invention, the patterning shell 10 segments are joined seamlessly, so that no irregularities are visible in the pattern on the material web. Connecting elements arranged on or in the ridges are used for the fastening. The term ridge in this case refers in general to the pattern-providing surface of the patterning shell 10 which surrounds an opening, wherein for geometric patterns the ridges also extend geometrically, as a rule horizontally or vertically. The spacing (=ridge) between two pattern-providing openings is generally smaller than the clear width and/or the diameter of the pattern-providing opening.
(35) The patterning shell 10 sections arranged in the end regions of the drum 5 can additionally be tensioned, meaning outside of the working width of the drum 5, so that the tensioning means do not leave impressions on the material web. The patterning shell 10 can consist of a metal material or a heat-resistant plastic material, wherein the segments can be embodied rigid or flexible.
(36) The invention makes use of the finding that a fibrous material or nonwoven can be structured simultaneously with the drying or bonding, wherein as a result of the flat structuring the material web has a better appearance while, at the same time, a volume increase can be achieved. During an experiment, a fibrous material was processed which consisted to 100% of bicomponent fibers having a 30 g/m.sup.2 weight. A processing of the fibrous material without patterning shell resulted in a thickness of 0.64 mm. When using the patterning shell, a thickness of 1.3 mm resulted with nearly the same firmness of texture.
(37) The invention can be used for a drier or thermobonder having a single drum, as well as a drier or thermobonder with several flow-through drums around which the material web wraps itself successively at least in part.
(38) It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and adaptations, and that the same are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
REFERENCE NUMBERS
(39) 1 material web 2 deflection drum 3 deflection drum 4 intake region 5 drum 6 screen fabric 7 housing 8 longitudinal axis 10 patterning shell 11a-11e segment 12a-12f connecting element 13 opening 14, 14a, 14b ridge 15a, 15b bore hole 16a, 16b, 16d recess 17 pivoting pin 18 compensating element 19 angle bracket 20 spring element 21 belt 22 fastening element 23a, 23b mandrel 24 depression 25 bracket 26 deflection roller b size and/or edge length s wall thickness
