USE OF PLATFORMING PROCESS TO ISOMERIZE LIGHT PARAFFINS

Abstract

A process is presented for improving the feed to a cracking unit and a reforming unit from a naphtha feedstock. The process includes the use of a separation unit to generate a light naphtha feed and a heavy naphtha feed. The process further includes separating the light naphtha feed into a light naphtha feed comprising normal hydrocarbons and a light naphtha feed comprising non-normal hydrocarbons. The light naphtha feed comprising normal hydrocarbon is passed to the cracking unit and the heavy naphtha feed is passed to the reforming unit.

Claims

1. A process for improved naphtha cracking and reforming, comprising: passing a naphtha feedstream to a naphtha splitter to generate a light naphtha and a heavy naphtha; passing the light naphtha to a separation unit to generate an extract stream comprising normal hydrocarbons, and a raffinate stream comprising non-normal hydrocarbons; passing the heavy naphtha to a reforming unit to generate a reformed effluent comprising aromatics, naphthenes and paraffins; and passing the extract stream to a cracking unit to generate a light olefin stream.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein the separation unit is an adsorption-separation unit.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein the light naphtha comprises n-C6 and lighter hydrocarbons, and the heavy naphtha comprises C6 aromatics, cyclohexane and C7+ hydrocarbons.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein the light naphtha comprises iC6 and lighter hydrocarbons, and the heavy naphtha comprises C6 aromatics and C7+ hydrocarbons.

5. The process of claim 1 further comprising passing the reformed effluent to an aromatics extraction unit to generate an aromatics stream and an extraction raffinate stream comprising C5 and C6 paraffins.

6. The process of claim 5 further comprising passing the extraction raffinate stream to the cracking unit.

7. The process of claim 5 further comprising passing the aromatics stream to an aromatics complex.

8. The process of claim 2 wherein the adsorption separation unit uses a light desorbent having a boiling point lower than the lightest component in the feed.

9. The process of claim 8 wherein the light desorbent is normal butane, normal pentane, propane or ethane.

10. The process of claim 1 wherein the adsorption separation unit uses a heavy desorbent having a boiling point greater than the heaviest component in the feed.

11. The process of claim 10 wherein the heavy desorbent is normal heptane, normal octane, normal nonane, normal decane, normal undecane or normal dodecane.

12. The process of claim 1 further comprising passing the raffinate stream to the reforming unit.

13. The process of claim 1 further comprising passing the raffinate stream to an second fractionation column to generate a second overhead stream comprising iC5 and iC6, and a second bottoms stream comprising methyl cyclopentane, cyclohexane and benzene.

14. The process of claim 1 further comprising passing the raffinate stream to an second fractionation column to generate a second overhead stream comprising iC5, iC6, methyl cyclopentane, cyclohexane and benzene, and a second bottoms stream comprising cyclohexane and benzene.

15. A process for improved light olefin yields from naphtha, comprising: passing a naphtha feedstream to a naphtha splitter to generate a light naphtha comprising C6 and lighter hydrocarbons and a heavy naphtha; passing the light naphtha to an adsorption separation unit to generate an extract stream comprising normal hydrocarbons, and a raffinate stream comprising non-normal hydrocarbons; passing the heavy naphtha to a reforming unit to generate a reformed effluent comprising aromatics; passing the extract stream to a cracking unit to generate a light olefin stream; and passing the heavy naphtha to the reforming unit to generate a reformate stream.

16. The process of claim 15 further comprising passing the reformate stream to an aromatics extraction unit to generate an aromatics stream and an extraction raffinate.

17. The process of claim 15 further comprising passing the raffinate stream to the reforming unit.

18. The process of claim 15 further comprising passing the raffinate stream to a fractionation unit to generate an overhead stream comprising isoparaffins having 5 and 6 carbons, and a bottoms stream comprising methyl cyclopentane, cyclohexane and benzene.

19. The process of claim 18 further comprising passing the bottoms stream to the reforming unit.

20. The process of claim 18 further comprising passing the overhead stream to a gasoline blending stock or to a reformer.

21. The process of claim 15 wherein the adsorption separation unit uses a light desorbent.

22. The process of claim 18 wherein the fractionation unit generates a bottoms stream, a side draw stream for passing to a gasoline blending stock, and an overhead stream for providing control over the Reid vapor pressure of the gasoline blending stock.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0013] The FIG. 1s a diagram of the process to improve the quality of the feeds to a cracking unit and a reforming unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention is a process that improves flexibility in the operation of a refinery, and enables the refiner to readily shift product with minimal additional equipment. The operation of the new and existing equipment allows for shifting of production to increase higher value products as the market shifts. Market shifts include the price of raw materials, or oil, and the demand for different products such as precursor materials to plastics, such as light olefins or aromatics, or increased production of gasoline blending streams. Traditional processing of a naphtha feedstream is to only use the naphtha splitter, which segregates according to boiling point ranges. However, there are significant overlaps of boiling points of different hydrocarbons, wherein the operation of a cracking unit works most efficiently with normal hydrocarbons, and the reforming unit performs more efficiently on heavier hydrocarbons and aromatic precursors such as methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane. It is also advantageous to remove normal C5 and C6 hydrocarbons from the feed to the reforming unit.

[0015] The present invention allows for increasing the normal hydrocarbon content to be passed to a cracking unit, while separating desirable aromatic to be passed to a reforming unit.

[0016] In a naphtha complex, the feed properties to reforming and steam cracking units have a large impact on the overall yields and efficiency of the complex. Due to close boiling points, it is not possible to direct the right molecules to the optimal process units which results in inefficiencies and overall lower profitability. One particular challenge is that n-hexane, which is preferred for the steam cracker, has a very close boiling point to the benzene precursors (methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane) that are preferred for the reforming unit.

[0017] Instead of using fractionation alone, another separation technology such as adsorption or a series of fractionation columns can be used to separate the n-hexane before the fractionation unit so that it can be sent directly to the steam cracker. For this reason UOP has developed the LD MaxEne process. LD MaxEne has the additional advantage of producing a iso-paraffin rich raffinate stream that can be used for gasoline blending, which eliminates the need for an isomerization unit. In addition, the need for iso-paraffins is limited for gasoline purposes due to the limitations imposed by regulations governing the Reid vapor pressure in gasolines. This is ameliorated by using a process to convert light iso-paraffins, such as isobutane and isopentane to n-paraffins.

[0018] The present invention is a process for improving the feeds to a naphtha cracking unit and a reforming unit, thereby increasing the efficiencies and yields of naphtha cracking units and reforming units. The process, as shown in the FIGURE, includes passing a naphtha feedstream 8 to a naphtha splitter 10 to generate a light naphtha 12 and a heavy naphtha 14. The light naphtha 12 is passed to a separation unit 20 to generate an extract stream 22 and a raffinate stream 24 The extract stream 22 comprises normal hydrocarbons, and the raffinate stream 24 comprises non-normal hydrocarbons. The heavy naphtha 14 is passed to a reforming unit 30 to generate a reformed effluent stream 32 comprising aromatics naphthenes and paraffins. The extract stream 22 is passed to a cracking unit 40 to generate a light olefin stream 42.

[0019] The process can further include passing the reformed effluent stream 32 to an aromatics extraction unit 50 to generate an aromatics stream 52 and an extraction raffinate stream 54. The extraction raffinate stream 54 includes C5 and C6 paraffins, and in particular, normal C5 and C6 paraffins. The aromatics stream 52 can be passed to an aromatics complex 60. In one embodiment, the extraction raffinate stream 54 is passed to the cracking unit 40. In another embodiment, the extraction raffinate stream 54 is passed to the adsorption separation unit 20. When the raffinate stream 54 is passed to the separation unit 20, it may be first hydrotreated, or passed to a hydrotreatment unit 80, before being passed to the separation unit 20. The hydrotreatment unit 80 can be used to hydrogenate olefins, or facilitate the removal of any sulfur that is obtained from the aromatics recovery unit 50.

[0020] In a particular embodiment, the separation unit 20 comprises an adsorption-separation unit that includes an adsorbent for preferentially adsorbing normal hydrocarbons to generate the extract stream 22 comprising normal hydrocarbons and the raffinate stream 24.

[0021] In one embodiment, the light naphtha 12 comprises n-C6 and lighter hydrocarbons, and the heavy naphtha 14 comprises C6 aromatics, cyclohexane, and C7+ hydrocarbons. The naphtha splitter 12 can have the operating conditions altered to shift the separation, or split, of the naphtha feedstream 8. In one operation, the naphtha splitter 10 is operated to generate a light naphtha 12 comprising iC6 and lighter hydrocarbons, and a heavy naphtha 14 comprises C6 aromatics and C7+ hydrocarbons.

[0022] When the separation unit 20 is an adsorption-separation unit, the adsorption-separation unit can use a light desorbent, or a heavy desorbent. With a light desorbent, the light desorbent is chosen to have a boiling point lower than the lightest component in the feed to the adsorption-separation unit 20. For a naphtha feedstream splitting to a light naphtha and a heavy naphtha, the desorbent has a boiling point lower than the lightest component in the light naphtha. Preferred desorbents for the light desorbent include normal butane, normal pentane, propane, or ethane, or even a mixture of light normal paraffins.

[0023] With a heavy desorbent, the heavy desorbent is chosen to have a boiling point greater than the heaviest component in the light naphtha feed to the adsorption-separation unit 20. Preferred desorbents for the heavy desorbent include normal heptane, normal octane, normal nonane, normal decane, normal undecane or normal dodecane, or even a mixture of heavy normal paraffins.

[0024] The process can further include passing the raffinate stream 24 to the reforming unit 30. While the raffinate stream 24 can contain lighter hydrocarbons, such as iC4, iC5 and iC6s, the reforming unit 30 will isomerize a portion of the lighter hydrocarbons to normal hydrocarbons, and these normal hydrocarbons can be sent to the cracking unit. By separating the light iso-paraffins from the normal paraffins in the light naphtha stream 12, one can improve the quality of the feed to the cracking unit and thereby improve the operating parameters.

[0025] In one embodiment, the raffinate stream 24 is passed to a second fractionation column 70. The second fractionation column 70 can be a fractionation column to generate a second overhead stream 72 and a second bottoms stream 74. The second fractionation column can be operated to generate a second overhead stream 72 comprising iC5 and iC6 hydrocarbons, and a second bottoms stream having methyl cyclopentane, cyclohexane and benzene.

[0026] In an alternate operation, the second fractionation column 70 can be operated to send methyl cyclopentane and some of the cyclohexane and benzene into the second overhead stream 72, with the second bottoms stream comprising cyclohexane and benzene in the bottoms stream 74. In one embodiment, the second bottoms stream 74 can be passed to the reforming unit 30.

[0027] In an alternate embodiment, the process is for improved light olefin yields from a naphtha feedstream. The naphtha feedstream is passed to a naphtha splitter to generate a light naphtha stream and a heavy naphtha stream. The heavy naphtha stream is passed to a reforming unit to generate a reformate stream, comprising aromatics. The light naphtha stream is passed to an adsorption separation unit to generate an extract stream and a raffinate stream. The extract stream comprises normal hydrocarbons and is passed to a cracking unit to generate light olefins. The cracking unit can be a steam cracking unit or a catalytic cracking unit.

[0028] In one embodiment, the raffinate stream is passed to the reforming unit. In the reforming unit, the isoparaffins can isomerize to normal paraffins, and the unaromatized paraffins can be recovered and recycled for passing to the cracking unit.

[0029] In another embodiment, the raffinate stream can be passed to a fractionation unit. The fractionation unit can generate an overhead stream, a bottoms stream and a side draw stream 76. In one embodiment, the fractionation column can be a divided wall column.

[0030] From the fractionation unit, the overhead stream can comprises isoparaffins having 5 and 6 carbon atoms, and the bottoms stream can comprise methyl cyclopentane, cyclohexane and benzene. The overhead stream can be passed to a gasoline blending stock, or to the reformer to isomerizes the isoparaffins to normal paraffins.

[0031] The fractionation unit can be operated to control for the production of the side draw stream, where the side draw stream can be passed to a gasoline blending stock. The overhead stream can be used to control the hydrocarbon compositions of the gasoline blending stock to provide control over the Reid vapor pressure.

[0032] The aromatics stream from the reforming unit can be passed to an aromatics extraction unit to generate an aromatics product stream and an aromatics extraction raffinate. The aromatics extraction raffinate can be passed to the adsorption separation column to separate the normal paraffins from the non-normal hydrocarbons.

[0033] While the invention has been described with what are presently considered the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but it is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims.