ELECTRON BEAM GENERATOR AND ELECTRON BEAM STERLIZING DEVICE

Abstract

Electron beam generator comprising an electron emitting device adapted to emit an electron beam when heated to an elevated temperature, wherein the electron emitting device comprises a filament having a spiral portion.

Claims

1. An electron beam generator comprising: an electron emitting device adapted to emit an electron beam when heated to an elevated temperature, and the electron emitting device comprising a filament having a spiral portion, and a flat outer support element connected to an outer end of the spiral filament and surrounding an outer perimeter of the windings, wherein the outer support element comprises at least three circumferentially spaced-apart connecting points for mechanically and/or electrically connecting the electron emitting device.

2. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein the electron emitting device is disc-shaped.

3. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed in the outer support element.

4. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein the filament comprises a plurality of windings, wherein a distance between the windings in a radial direction is equal to or smaller than a width in a radial direction of the windings.

5. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein a distance between an outer winding of the filament and the outer support element is larger than a distance between adjacent windings of the filament.

6. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein the filament comprises between three and eight windings.

7. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein an outer connecting portion of the filament where the filament is connected to the outer support element is displaced in the circumferential direction relative to an inner connecting portion of the filament where the filament is connected to an inner support element.

8. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein the filament comprises a connecting portion which merges into an inner support element and/or the outer support element, wherein the connecting portion comprises a bend between a radial and a circumferential direction.

9. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein the spiral portion of the filament has a constant width along its longitudinal extension.

10. The electron beam generator according to claim 1, wherein the spiral portion of the filament has a varying width along its longitudinal extension.

11. An electron beam generator comprising: an electron emitting device adapted to emit an electron beam when heated to an elevated temperature, and the electron emitting device comprising a filament having a spiral portion, and a flat outer support element connected to an outer end of the spiral filament and surrounding an outer perimeter of the windings, wherein the outer support element comprises at least one through-hole for mechanically and/or electrically connecting the electron emitting device.

12. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein the electron emitting device is disc-shaped.

13. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein a gap is formed in the outer support element.

14. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein the filament comprises a plurality of windings, wherein a distance between the windings in a radial direction is equal to or smaller than a width in a radial direction of the windings.

15. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein a distance between an outer winding of the filament and the outer support element is larger than a distance between adjacent windings of the filament.

16. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein the filament comprises between three and eight windings.

17. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein an outer connecting portion of the filament where the filament is connected to the outer support element is displaced in the circumferential direction relative to an inner connecting portion of the filament where the filament is connected to an inner support element.

18. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein the filament comprises a connecting portion which merges into an inner support element and/or the outer support element, wherein the connecting portion comprises a bend between a radial and a circumferential direction.

19. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein the spiral portion of the filament has a constant width along its longitudinal extension.

20. The electron beam generator according to claim 11, wherein the spiral portion of the filament has a varying width along its longitudinal extension.

Description

[0032] In the following, the invention will be further described in connection with the attached drawings, in which:

[0033] FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an electron beam generator according to the invention.

[0034] FIG. 2 shows a beam profile generated by the electron beam generator according to FIG. 1.

[0035] FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of an electron beam generator according to the invention.

[0036] FIG. 4 shows a side view of an embodiment of an electron beam generator according to the invention.

[0037] FIG. 5 shows an electron beam sterilizing device according to the invention comprising an inventive electron beam generator.

[0038] FIG. 6 shows a cross section of the electron beam sterilizing device of FIG. 5.

[0039] FIG. 7a shows a third embodiment of an electron beam generator according to the invention.

[0040] FIG. 7b shows a portion of the embodiment of FIG. 7a, but in an exaggerated version.

[0041] Equal or corresponding elements are denominated with the same reference numerals in all figures. Features described in connection with different figures can be combined as far as technically possible.

[0042] FIG. 5 shows an electron beam sterilizing device 10 according to the invention for an interior sterilization of a packaging container, in particular a food or drug container.

[0043] FIG. 6 shows a cross section of the electron beam sterilizing device of FIG. 5.

[0044] In FIGS. 5 and 6 the electron beam sterilizing device 10 is shown. The electron beam sterilizing device 10 comprises a housing 12 enclosing an internal space, in particular a vacuum space. The housing 12, or vacuum chamber, has a substantially cylindrical shape being axis-symmetric around longitudinal axis A. The housing 12 comprises a first housing portion 14, in which an inventive electron beam generator 30 is positioned, and a cylindrical or tubular second housing portion 16 adapted to be inserted into a packaging container so as to sterilize an interior of the container. An electron exit window 18 is formed on a front end of the second housing portion 16, opposite the first housing portion 14. The electron exit window 18 comprises an electron transparent foil 19 and a foil support member 20. An electron acceleration zone is formed between the electron beam generator 30 and the electron exit window 18, in particular within and along the second housing portion 16. The acceleration zone is illustrated by the travelling path of a single electron

[0045] The electron beam generator 30 arranged in the vacuum housing 12, in particular the first housing portion 14, is adapted to generate a cloud of electrons, which is accelerated towards the electron exit window 18, when heated to an elevated temperature, in particular in the order of 2000 K. Embodiments of the electron beam generator 30 according to the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

[0046] FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an electron beam generator 30 according to the invention. The electron beam generator 30 comprises an electron emitting device 32 being integrally formed in a flat, disc-like shape. The electron-emitting device 32 may have a diameter of a few centimetres, such as at least two, at least three or at least five centimetres. A thickness of the electron-emitting device 32 can be in the range of 0.05 millimetres to 0.15 millimetres. Preferably, the thickness of the electron-emitting device 32 is 0.2 millimetres or below. The thickness may vary along the radius of the electron-emitting device 32, however, the thickness will generally be constant throughout.

[0047] The electron-emitting device 32 comprises a filament 34 and support elements 50, 60. The filament has a generally spiral shape. The filament 34 comprises a plurality of windings 38. An outer support element 50 surrounds the filament 34. The filament 34 is connected to the outer support element 50 at the first, outer connecting portion 42 disposed at a first (outer) end of the filament 34. The outer support element 50 surrounds the filament 34 and is preferably integrally formed with the filament 34. Filament 34 and outer support element 50 are arranged in a common plane (level).

[0048] A second longitudinal end (inner end) of the filament 34 is connected to an inner support element 60 having a disc-like shape. The inner support element 60 is preferably integrally formed with the filament 34 and connected to the filament 34 at a second, inner connecting portion 44. The filament 34, the outer support element 50 and the inner support element 60 are preferably made of tungsten.

[0049] The outer support element 50 and the inner support element 60 are configured to support the filament 34 by connecting to the respective longitudinal ends of the filament 34. The filament 34 is preferably supported exclusively by the outer support element 50 and the inner support element 60. In other words, the filament 34 is only supported at its respective longitudinal ends. Due to the size of the outer support element 50 and the inner support element 60, the temperature of the outer support element 50 and the inner support element 60 will be significantly lower than the temperature of the filament 34, in particular such that only a little or basically no electrons are emitted by the outer support element 50 and the inner support element 60.

[0050] The filament 34 comprises a spiral portion 36 and a first connecting portion 42 connecting to the outer support element 50 and a second connecting portion 44 connecting to the inner support element 60. The first connecting portion 42 has a bend turning towards the outside for connecting the spiral portion 36 to an inner border 52 of the outer support element 50, which is in particular circular. The second connecting portion 44 has a bend turning towards the inside for connecting the spiral portion 36 to an outer border 62 of the inner support element 60, which is in particular circular.

[0051] The first connecting portion 42 is displaced in the circumferential direction relative to the second connecting portion 44. In other words, the number of windings 38 of the filament 34 is not an integer. The filament 34 includes a plurality of full windings 38 and one fraction of a winding 38, wherein the fraction is preferably between 20% and 80% of a full winding 38. In a preferred embodiment, the displacement between the first connecting portion 32 and the second connecting portion 44 in the circumferential direction is between 45? and 75?.

[0052] Between each of the windings 38, a free space, distance or clearance 48 is formed. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the clearance 48 has a size approximately equal to the size of the windings 38. The term size refers in this case in particular to the width, i.e. the extension in the radial direction. For the distances or clearances 48 the width is denoted d in the drawings, whereas for the windings 38 the width is denoted w in the drawings. It may be preferred that the size, i.e. the distance d, of the clearance 48, is smaller than the size, i.e. the width w, of the windings 38.

[0053] A beam profile that can be achieved with the electron beam generator 30 according to FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. Because the beam profile is substantially symmetrical with regard to the central point of the electron beam generator 30, it is only shown along a radius on the exit window. The origin is in the center of the exit window. The graph represented in FIG. 2 refers to the dose measured on the electron exit window 18 of an electron beam sterilizing device 10. The centre of the electron-emitting device 32 is not emitting, because the temperature there is low. With increasing distance from the centre, the temperature increases and reaches its maximum value at a certain point of the filament 34 along its longitudinal extension. The temperature then decreases at an end of the filament 34 close to the outer support element 50. The decreased emission in the centre is a welcome effect, because it compensates the electrons scattered towards the centre. The intensity measured at the electron exit window 18 is essentially homogeneous along the radius of the electron exit window 18 but comprises a peak near the outer circumference of the electron exit window 18.

[0054] The diameter of the spiral portion 36 determines the diameter of the beam profile together with the design of the housing 12, in particular the second housing portion 16 (snout). In one embodiment the diameter of the filament 34 (corresponding to the inner diameter of the outer support element 50) corresponds to the diameter of the electron exit window 18. In other words, the outer support element 50 has a diameter greater than the diameter of the electron exit window 18.

[0055] The size of the clearances 48 between adjacent windings 38 (slit size) determines how much and how many electrons are scattered and how much current from the back side of the electron-emitting device 32 can get to the second housing portion 16 (tube). It has been found that the configurations shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 provide an advantageous configuration.

[0056] A second embodiment of an electron beam generator 30 is shown in FIG. 3. The embodiment essentially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and only the differences will be described. The outer support element 50 comprises a gap 54 (air gap) which is located in a portion of the outer support element 50, where the filament 34 merges into the outer support element 50. The gap 54 is formed as a slit extending in the circumferential direction, such that the filament 34 branches into two ribs, or fins, 56. The size of these ribs 56 is such that a temperature is higher than the temperature of the remaining outer support elements 50, when the electron beam generator 30 is operated. Therefore, the temperature at the outer end of the filament 34 does not drop abruptly at the point where it merges into the outer support element 50. Preferably, the width of the ribs 56 essentially corresponds to the width of the windings 38 of the filament 34. The extension of the gap 54, or slit, in the circumferential direction is between 45 and 135?, preferably, about 90?. The gap 54 is arranged in a portion radially outward of the first connecting portion 42 of the filament 34, such that the filament 34 branches out at an outer end thereof In other words, the outer support element 50 comprises two rib-like structures, adjacent the first connecting portion 42 of the filament 34.

[0057] The inner support element 60 also comprises a gap, i.e. a hole 64. The hole 64 is disposed in the centre of the inner support element 60, such that the inner support element 60 has a circular shape. The centre of the hole is aligned with the axis A. The central hole of the inner support element 60 is used for a central support bar 72, which will be described below. Due to the small width at the second connecting portion 44, compared to the inner support element 60, the temperature at the second connecting portion 44 will be higher.

[0058] The disc-like electron emitting device 32 is supported by a support structure 70, as shown in FIG. 4. The support structure 70 comprises a support housing 74 and a plurality of support bars, or rods, 72. A central support bar 72 is connected to the inner support element 60, and one or more outer support bars 72 are connected to the outer support element 50. For the respective connections, the outer support element 50 comprises one or more connecting points 58 and the inner support element 60 comprises at least one connecting point 68. The connecting points 58, 68 can be holes in the outer support element 50 and the inner support element 60. An electrical connection for operating the electron beam generator may be routed along, or through, the support bars 72. This support structure 70 is valid for all the embodiments. Another connection alternative is welding, i.e. the outer support element is welded to the support housing in a number of points. In the figure the disc-shaped electron emitting device 32 is planar, i.e. the disc is planar, i.e. it extends in a plane. However, it should be noted that the disc-shaped electron emitting device should be positioned in the support structure in a way to get an optimal configuration at operational temperatures. An optimal configuration of the disc-shaped electron emitting device is not necessarily perfectly planar. It may be necessary to position the disc-shaped electron emitting device in a non-planar way in room temperature to compensate for thermal dilatation at operational temperatures. Hence, the disc-shaped electron emitting device may be positioned in the support structure in a concave or convex manner.

[0059] A third embodiment of an electron emitting device 32 is shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b. The electron emitting device in FIG. 7a looks similar to the one in FIG. 3, and the electron emitting device, of which only the spiral portion is shown, is similar to FIG. 7a but a feature has been exaggerated for visibility. The third embodiment essentially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and only the differences will be described. In the preceding embodiments the spiral portion 36 has a constant width along the longitudinal extension. In this embodiment the spiral portion has instead a varying width along the longitudinal extension. In particular, an outer winding 80, being the outermost winding of the spiral portion 36, has a varying width along the longitudinal extension. The variation of the width is not easily visible to the human eye and is therefore hardly noticeable in FIG. 7a. However, in FIG. 7b, the variation has been highly exaggerated for the purpose of visability, and to facilitate description of the varying width. The outer winding 80 is divided into angular sectors a.sub.1, a.sub.2, a.sub.3 and a.sub.4 by the imaginary lines 1, 2, 3 and 4 shown in FIG. 7b.

[0060] At the first connection portion 42 the width is w.sub.0, which is the starting width and the width of the rest of the windings. The outer winding 80 in the first angular section a.sub.1 has this width, i.e. the width w.sub.0. In the second angular section a.sub.2 the width is increasing. At the line 1 it is equal to the width w.sub.0, but then the width is smoothly increasing to the line 2, where the width is w.sub.0+dw. In the third angular section a.sub.3 the width is constant and equal to w.sub.0+dw up to the line 3. In the fourth angular section a.sub.4 the width smoothly decreases back to w.sub.0 which has been reached at the line 4.

[0061] The angle between line 1 and line 2 is about 120?, the angle between line 2 and line 3 is about 40?, the angle between the line 3 and line 4 is about 100? and the angle between the line 4 and line 1 is about 100?. It should be understood that the variation of the width of the spiral portion may be made in many ways, and that FIG. 7b only shows one alternative out of many. The angles may be different and there may be more or less angular sections. Further, the width may vary not only in the outer winding but in any of the other windings. At the same time the width in the outer winding may be constant.

[0062] In this embodiment a rib 56a, near the gap 54, has a larger width than a rib 56b on the other side of the first connecting point 42. The rib 56b is also near the gap 54. The width of the rib 56a is about twice as large as the width 56b.

Reference Numerals

[0063] 10 electron beam sterilizing device

[0064] 12 housing

[0065] 14 first housing portion

[0066] 16 second housing portion

[0067] 18 electron exit window

[0068] 19 foil

[0069] 20 foil support member

[0070] 30 electron beam generator

[0071] 32 electron emitting device

[0072] 34 filament

[0073] 36 spiral portion

[0074] 38 winding

[0075] 42 first connecting portion

[0076] 44 second connecting portion

[0077] 48 clearance

[0078] 50 outer support element

[0079] 52 inner border

[0080] 54 gap

[0081] 56 rib

[0082] 58 connecting point

[0083] 60 inner support element

[0084] 62 outer border

[0085] 64 hole

[0086] 68 connecting point

[0087] 70 support structure

[0088] 72 support bar

[0089] 74 support housing

[0090] 80 outer winding