MODULE FOR A POWER-SAVING DEVICE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME AND POWER-SAVING DEVICE

Abstract

The disclosure provides a chemical reduction of a metal in a cable of an electrical network, which brings about an improvement in the conductive properties of said metal and a reduction in losses during electric power transmission. The invention discloses a reducing compound with a high concentration of quasi-free electrons, which is obtained as a result of the solvation of metals selected from group I and group II of the main group of the periodic table of elements and of amines selected from the group consisting of: pyridine, and dimethylformamide dispersed in a liquid oligomer, with a metal:amine:dielectric molar ratio of 1:2:1.5, allowing, in an alternating electromagnetic field, to initiate a pulsed injection of electrons into the network with a periodicity equal to frequency of alternation of the voltage.

Claims

1. A module of an energy-saving device for generating electrical energy, consisting of a housing and an active working composition in it capable of accumulating free electrons and transmitting them through a current-carrying electrode and an electrical cable connected to it to the consumer's buses, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a hollow, thick-walled, monolithic, tight, highly insulating cylinder formed by a dielectric polyurethane system, and the current-carrying electrode is made of a copper tube with a diameter of 0.25 of the diameter of the cylinder of the module and a height of 0.75 of the height of the cylinder of the module, as an active working medium with a high concentration of free electrons, the inner space of the housing is filled with a reducing compound in the form of an emulsion of an amine solution of electrons based on amines selected from the group: pyridine, dimethylformamide, etc., and metals selected from the group: Li, Na, K, Ca, etc., in a liquid dielectric oligomer with a permittivity from 1 to 3, in a molar ratio of metal:amine:oligomer-dielectric=1:2:1.5, which allows, when introduced into an alternating electromagnetic field, to initiate pulsating injection into the network electrons at the moments of the positive phase of the voltage sine wave, with a frequency equal to the frequency of the voltage change while, the dimensions of the housing and the volume of its internal space are set depending on the magnitude of the expected energy consumption.

2. The module according to cl. 1, characterized in that an oligomer-polyvinylidene fluoride of kinematic viscosity 15 . . . 20 Pa * s is used as a dielectric;

3. The method of manufacturing the ECD module, consisting in the formation of a vessel with a reducing compound, characterized in that the vessel body is cast from a curable epoxyurethane electrical insulation composition, forming from it sequentially: a round bottom 15 mm thick, a side cylindrical wall 10 mm thick (by pouring the composition between two coaxial pipes made of polar plastic, for example, polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene having a difference in diameters and heights: 20 and 30 mm, respectively) and a round top cover with a thickness of 15 mm, followed by curing to obtain a monolith; through the bottom of the vessel, a cable is withdrawn, electrically connected to the current-collecting internal electrode from a copper tube with a diameter of 0.25 from the internal diameter of the module cylinder and a height of 0.75 from the internal height of the module cylinder; the inner space of the formed vessel is filled with a reducing compound—an emulsion of an amine solution of electrons based on compounds selected from the group: pyridine, dimethylformamide, etc., and metals selected from the first and second groups of the main subgroups of the Periodic Table, for example, Li, Ca, in a liquid dielectric oligomer with a permittivity from 1 to 3, in the molar ratio metal:amine:dielectric 1:2:1.5, which allows, when introduced into an alternating electromagnetic field, to initiate a pulsating injection of electrons into the network at the moments of the positive phase of the voltage sine wave, with a frequency equal to the frequency of voltage change.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the dimensions of the blanks for the housing and its volume are determined by calculation, based on the power consumption at the facility at a ratio of 0.06 kg of reducing compound per 1 kW of power consumption.

5. An energy-saving device is created by combining modules with an electron-generating compound into sets: either from 4 modules (three-phase network), or from 2 modules (single-phase network), and connecting the current collector electrodes of each module through electrical cables to the consumer's power supply buses, characterized in that in the case of a three-phase network, the ESD is composed of 4 modules, the layout of which in space is possible according to one of three options: 1.—in the form of a regular triangular pyramid tetrahedron, namely: so that 3 modules connected to the 3 phases of the power grid are at the base of the pyramid, and the “neutral” module—at the top of the pyramid, moreover, the length of each side of the regular triangles of the sides of the tetrahedron should be 4 diameters of the cylinder of the module with the compound, and the geometric center of each module must be located at the intersection point of the faces of the pyramid; 2.—in the form of a flat square with the length of each side—4 cylinder diameters of the module with a compound; the geometric center of each module should be located at the intersection of the sides; 3.—in the form of a flat rectangle with a side length of at least 4 diameters of the cylinder of the module with a compound; the geometric center of each module should be located at the intersection of the sides. in the case of a single-phase network, the ESD is composed of 2 modules—in a line at a distance from each other—4 cylinder diameters of the module.

6. A device according to claim 5, characterized in that modules arranged in the form of a particular figure are placed in metal containers.

Description

[0009] FIGS. 1-7 show explanatory drawings and diagrams illustrating the claimed technologies, formulations and device diagrams.

[0010] FIG. 1 shows the module in the section. It contains a conductive electrode (4) in the form of a copper tube with a diameter of 0.25 of the diameter of the module and a length of h=0.75 of the height of the module. The coaxiality of the electrode and the cylinder of the module makes the current collector electrode equidistant from the outer walls of the housing, giving the module increased electrical insulation. An electrical cable (2) with a stripped end (1) is attached to the current collector electrode (4), intended for connection to the consumer's power grid buses. The cable is brought out through the end cap and secured with a threaded gland (3). The internal space of the module and the tube of the current collector electrode is filled with a reducing compound (5)—an inverted emulsion obtained from an amine solution of electrons dispersed in a viscous (15 . . . 20 Pa .Math.s), chemically inert oligomer with a dielectric constant ε=1 . . . 3; housing of the module (6) is formed by an epoxyurethane composition (EUC) poured into a mold of two PVC tubes inserted into each other (7). The dimensions of the module for a specific case are determined by calculation depending on the power consumption of the object, based on the ratio: 0.06 kg of the reducing compound per 1 kW of power consumption. For example, for an electric grid consuming 100 kW, the required weight of the electric generating compound should be 6 kg, and since the density of the compound is 1.7 . . . 2.1 kg/dm.sup.3, then the internal volume of each of the 4 modules should be 0.8 dm.sup.3, i.e., in diameter 100 mm and height 100 mm.
The module works only in sets: either of 4 modules (three-phase network), or of 2 modules (single-phase network) that make up energy-saving devices (ESD), when they are connected to an alternating voltage network. This initiates a pulsating injection of electrons from the reducing compound into the network at the moments of the positive phase of the voltage sine wave, with a frequency equal to the frequency of voltage change, for example, 50 Hz.
The module is manufactured by performing sequential assembly operations into a single complex. First of all, based on the energy consumption parameters of a potential object, the physical dimensions of the module housing and the volume of its internal space are calculated. Here we describe the manufacture of a module with a capacity of 100 kW, that is, its external dimensions are ø=100 mm and h=100 mm. The housing is formed from two plastic pipes inserted into each other, with a difference in diameter of at least 20 mm, moreover, the inner pipe of a smaller diameter is shorter than the outer pipe by 30 mm. The larger of the pipes is installed vertically on the support plate. An epoxy polyurethane 2-component curable composition is poured into the base, which, after curing, forms the lower fragment of the cylindrical housing of the module—the bottom with a thickness of 15 mm. After 4 hours of exposure of the cured composition, but no later than a day after pouring (so that the epoxy-polyurethane composition does not gain 100% rigidity), a hole is drilled in the center of the bottom of the required diameter; in our case, 18 mm, and a metric thread M20×1.5 is cut under the stuffing box for insertion and subsequent fixing of the cable. 75 mm of copper tube is cut off for the future current collector electrode with a diameter of 25 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm and a hole with a diameter of 8mm is drilled in the side surface of the tube at a distance of 45 mm from the lower end, on which two triangular recesses are cut for the free flow of the epoxyurethane composition (EUC). A single-core, multi-wire, copper cable (with a cross section of 35 mm.sup.2 and a length of 500 mm) is prepared, stripped off the insulation of 25 mm and pressed on the cable tip, then attaching it from the inside to a piece of copper tube (current collector electrode) using a standard bolt connection with an M8 thread. A cable with a fixed current collector electrode is stretched through the stuffing box and the nut is tightened on the stuffing box, fixing the copper electrode and cable. A plastic pipe of 20 mm smaller diameter and 30 mm lower height is inserted coaxially into the cylinder, at the lower end of which two triangular recesses are made for the flow of the EUC. Fixing spacers for coaxiality are inserted between the cylinders, after which they are inserted into the inner space of the 5 mm thick EUC module, which allows fixing the central current collector electrode and the inner coaxial pipe inside the module in the desired spatial position, as well as sealing the cable outlet. The adhesive mixture is kept for at least 4 hours. Fill the inner volume of the cylinder with a pre-synthesized reducing compound to the upper end of the inner coaxial pipe.

[0011] The meaning of the preparation of a reducing compound is in the dissolution of alkaline (group 1 of the main subgroup of the Periodic table) or alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the main subgroup) in an amine solvent to form a solution of solvated electrons [B.V. Nekrasov. “Fundamentals of General Chemistry”. Publishing house “Chemistry”, M., 1969, vol.1, p.386], [Yu.Ya. Fialkov, “Not only in water”, L-d, “Chemistry”, Leningrad, 1989, 2nd Edition, p. 84].

The compound is covered with a thin circle of cardboard and filled with EUC, which, when cured, forms a cylindrical wall and the upper cover of the module housing, thereby completing the formation and sealing of the module housing.
After holding the adhesive composition for a day, the module for subsequent assembly of the ESD is ready.
The module's operability is checked using an oscilloscope when it is connected to a set of modules of an energy-saving device (ESD). When the switch connecting the ESD to the power grid is closed, and the oscilloscope probe contacts the module under test, in case of its operability, a 2-4 fold increase in the amplitude of the amplitudes of the sinusoidal voltage graph is observed on the oscilloscope screen.

[0012] A parallel method of checking the module's operability is by placing current tongs—a device for measuring leakage currents (for example, FLUKE 360) on the cable coming out of the module—FIG. 2. In the case of normal operation of the test module, the current flow from the module to the power supply bus with a value in the range of 0.01 . . . 0.1 mA (milli Ampere) is observed on the device screen. The current strength from the module depends on the dimensions, the mass of the ESD and the spatial location of the modules. The minimum value of 0.01 mA is fixed when the ratio is reached: compound mass/ESD power=0.06 kg/1 kW. The electronic compound inside the module stores the charge until it is consumed. The module is undismountable and, after the exhaustion of the electronic resource, is subject to disposal as household waste.

[0013] 3. Energy-saving device (ESD).

[0014] The ESD is created by combining modules into sets: either from 4 modules (three-phase network), or from 2 modules (single-phase network). Each module is connected via a current collector electrode with a cable to the phases and zero of the consumer's power grid.

[0015] The effective operation of the ESD is achieved by adjusting the modules. At the moment of the optimal geometry of the frame of the modules, a voltage resonance occurs, which is fixed on any of the modules in the kit using an oscilloscope. On the oscilloscope screen, there is a three-fourfold increase in the amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage graph.

[0016] In the case of a three-phase network, the ESD is composed of 4 modules, the layout of which in space is possible according to one of three options:

[0017] 1.—in the form of a regular triangular pyramid—tetrahedron, namely: so that 3 modules connected to the 3rd phases of the power grid are at the base of the pyramid, and the “neutral” module is at the top of the pyramid. Moreover, the length of each side of the regular triangles of the sides of the tetrahedron should be 4 diameters of the cylinder of the module with the compound, and the geometric center of each module should be located at the intersection point of the faces of the pyramid; in this case, a 4-fold multiplication of the amplitude of the voltage sine wave is observed.

[0018] 2.—in the form of a flat square with the length of each side—4 cylinder diameters of the module with a compound; the geometric center of each module should be located at the intersection of the sides; in this case, a 2.5-fold multiplication of the amplitude of the voltage sine wave is observed.

[0019] 3.—in the form of a flat rectangle with a side length of at least 4 diameters of the cylinder of the module with a compound; the geometric center of each module should be located at the intersection point of the sides; in this case, a 2-fold multiplication of the amplitude of the voltage sine wave is observed.

[0020] That is, the preferred arrangement of 4 modules in space is in the form of a regular triangular pyramid—tetrahedron—FIG. 3, but this is not always possible due to the dimensions and mass of the developed ESD (see Table. 2 in the Appendices).

[0021] It should be explained that the greater the amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage curve, the greater the gradient of the positive (+) branch of the sinusoid voltage will be in the conductor, with greater force drawing a cloud of electrons from the reducing compound, and the greater the current will be observed in the cable from the module to the power bus—Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 The dependence of the voltage multiplication in the ESD and the current strength from the module to the network on the spatial location of the modules in the ESD. ESD power = 100 kW. The value of Multiplicity The current from the Module frame the initial of voltage module to the configuration voltage, V increase, n network, m A Arbitrary 1 1 0 Tetrahedron 1 4 0.1 Square 1 2.5 0.03 Rectangle 1 2 0.015 In line 1 2 0.01 Ratio: compound mass/ESD power = 0.06 kg/1 kW.

[0022] In the case of a single-phase network, there is one option for the arrangement of modules in space—in a line, at a distance of 4 cylinder diameters of the module with the compound from each other. In this case, there is a 2-fold multiplication of the amplitude of the voltage sine wave.

[0023] Modules grouped according to one of 4 variants are placed in a metal container for shielding from external electromagnetic fields. The effect of placing in a metal container +˜10% of the amplitude of the electromagnetic field generated by the compound. To adjust the module system the ESD resonates with the oscilloscope probe of one of the modules and the modules with phases and zero are moved towards the center and from the center of the ESD until a steady maximum of the voltage amplitude is observed. In the case of a tetrahedron, this is a 4-fold multiplication of the initial voltage amplitude—FIG. 6. After that, the modules are fixed in the found position with the help of clamps attached to the walls of the metal container—FIG. 7.

FIG. 4 shows the type of voltage amplitude with an arbitrary arrangement of modules in space, one of the variants of which is shown in FIG. 5.

[0024] The efficiency of the ESD is confirmed by the experience of operating the equipment from real customers, where a decrease in electricity consumption and, accordingly, a decrease in electricity payments were recorded.

[0025] Thus, the developed more advanced manufacturing technology of the module, the developed formulation and synthesis technology of a reducing compound accumulating a high concentration of electrons for subsequent chemical recovery of the metal of the power grid, embodied methods of installation and tuning into resonance of an energy-saving device that can be used in industry to save electricity, expanding the temperature range of the device, increasing its electron-generating activity and productivity, increased product life—provided stable and reliable operation of the ESD. This system has received the commercial designation NRG (“En—Er—Gi”).

[0026] The technical result—due to the chemical reduction of the metal conductor—improved its conductive properties, which allowed to reduce energy costs for the transmission of electricity and ensure its savings.

[0027] Currently, pilot batches of devices are being produced to order on a contractual basis. The pilot production is functioning and includes an assembly line, a laboratory section and a quality control section.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 The list of typical installations NRG, the ratio of the amount of the reducing compound/the power of the consumer's power grid, the parameters of individual modules as part of the ESD. Dimension Module Weight of the CABLE SIZE reducing NRG system LENGTH, SECTION, (Ø, height), compound in the TYPE POWER, kW m mm.sup.2 mm set of modules, kg SINGLE-PHASE 5 1 8  70 * 90 0.15 (set of two units) 10 1 8  70 * 140 0.3 THREE-PHASE 10 3 8  70 * 90 0.6 (set of four units) 20 3 25  70 * 140 1.2 30 3 25  70 * 170 1.8 50 3 25 100 * 130 3.0 75 3 25 100 * 150 4.5 100 3 35 120 * 125 6.0 200 3 35 120 * 200 12.0 300 3 35 120 * 300 18.0 400 3 35 150 * 280 24.0 500 3 35 200 * 210 30.0 750 3 35 200 * 300 45.0 1,000 3 35 200 * 400 60.0