Carbody of railcar

Abstract

A carbody of a railcar includes a roof bodyshell, a side bodyshell, and a cantrail. The cantrail includes: an outside plate; an inside plate arranged at a car inner side of the outside plate and spaced apart from the outside plate; and a plurality of coupling rib plates coupled to the outside plate and the inside plate and forming a plurality of triangles together with the outside plate and the inside plate. Each of the outside plate and the inside plate includes a plurality of sections each connecting apexes of the triangle. The plurality of sections of at least one of the outside plate and the inside plate include a plurality of flat plate sections. In the at least one plate, two or more adjacent flat plate sections among the plurality of flat plate sections are arranged on a straight line.

Claims

1. A carbody of a railcar, the carbody comprising: a roof bodyshell; a side bodyshell; and a cantrail, the roof bodyshell and the side bodyshell being connected to each other through the cantrail, the cantrail including an outside plate, an inside plate arranged at a car inner side of the outside plate and spaced apart from the outside plate, and a plurality of coupling rib plates coupled to the outside plate and the inside plate and forming a plurality of triangles of a truss shape together with the outside plate and the inside plate, the outside plate and the inside plate each including a plurality of sections each connecting apexes of the plurality of triangles, a plurality of flat plate sections being included in the plurality of sections of at least one of the outside plate and the inside plate, among the plurality of flat plate sections of the at least one plate, two or more adjacent flat plate sections being arranged on a straight line, each of the outside plate and the inside plate being provided with at least one bent point projecting toward a car outer side since two adjacent flat plate sections among the plurality of flat plate sections have respective angles, as one of a plurality of apexes of the plurality of triangles, a maximum bent point projecting toward the car outer side being formed at the outside plate, a car outer side angle of the outside plate at the maximum bent point being largest among car outer side angles of the outside plate at the plurality of apexes, and a cross-sectional area of a region at the maximum bent point being larger than each of cross-sectional areas of regions at other bent points of the cantrail.

2. The carbody according to claim 1, wherein: the outside plate includes the plurality of flat plate sections; two or more adjacent flat plate sections among the plurality of flat plate sections are arranged on a straight line at at least one of both adjacent sides of the maximum bent point of the outside plate; and a portion of the inside plate which portion faces a car inner side of the maximum bent point is a flat plate section of the plurality of flat plate sections of the inside plate and an intermediate portion of the flat plate section facing the maximum bent point is not coupled to the maximum bent point.

3. The carbody according to claim 1, wherein: the number of bent points of the inside plate is larger than the number of bent points of the outside plate.

4. The carbody according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sections of the at least one plate includes the plurality of flat plate sections and at least one curved plate section.

5. The carbody according to claim 1, wherein: each of the outside plate and the inside plate is provided with a linear portion formed by at least one of the flat plate sections; and the linear portion that is longest among the linear portion of the outside plate and the linear portion of the inside plate is provided at the inside plate.

6. The carbody according to claim 2, wherein: the number of bent points of the inside plate is larger than the number of bent points of the outside plate.

7. The carbody according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of sections of the at least one plate includes the plurality of flat plate sections and at least one curved plate section.

8. The carbody according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of sections of the at least one plate includes the plurality of flat plate sections and at least one curved plate section.

9. The carbody according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of sections of the at least one plate includes the plurality of flat plate sections and at least one curved plate section.

10. The carbody according to claim 2, wherein: each of the outside plate and the inside plate is provided with a linear portion formed by at least one of the flat plate sections; and the linear portion that is longest among the linear portion of the outside plate and the linear portion of the inside plate is provided at the inside plate.

11. The carbody according to claim 3, wherein: each of the outside plate and the inside plate is provided with a linear portion formed by at least one of the flat plate sections; and the linear portion that is longest among the linear portion of the outside plate and the linear portion of the inside plate is provided at the inside plate.

12. The carbody according to claim 4, wherein: each of the outside plate and the inside plate is provided with a linear portion formed by at least one of the flat plate sections; and the linear portion that is longest among the linear portion of the outside plate and the linear portion of the inside plate is provided at the inside plate.

13. The carbody according to claim 6, wherein: each of the outside plate and the inside plate is provided with a linear portion formed by at least one of the flat plate sections; and the linear portion that is longest among the linear portion of the outside plate and the linear portion of the inside plate is provided at the inside plate.

14. The carbody according to claim 7, wherein: each of the outside plate and the inside plate is provided with a linear portion formed by at least one of the flat plate sections; and the linear portion that is longest among the linear portion of the outside plate and the linear portion of the inside plate is provided at the inside plate.

15. The carbody according to claim 8, wherein: each of the outside plate and the inside plate is provided with a linear portion formed by at least one of the flat plate sections; and the linear portion that is longest among the linear portion of the outside plate and the linear portion of the inside plate is provided at the inside plate.

16. The carbody according to claim 9, wherein: each of the outside plate and the inside plate is provided with a linear portion formed by at least one of the flat plate sections; and the linear portion that is longest among the linear portion of the outside plate and the linear portion of the inside plate is provided at the inside plate.

17. A carbody of a railcar, the carbody comprising: a roof bodyshell; a side bodyshell; and a cantrail, the roof bodyshell and the side bodyshell being connected to each other through the cantrail, the cantrail including an outside plate, an inside plate arranged at a car inner side of the outside plate and spaced apart from the outside plate, and a plurality of coupling rib plates coupled to the outside plate and the inside plate and forming a plurality of triangles of a truss shape together with the outside plate and the inside plate, the outside plate and the inside plate each including a plurality of sections each connecting apexes of the plurality of triangles, a plurality of flat plate sections being included in the plurality of sections of at least one of the outside plate and the inside plate, among the plurality of flat plate sections of the at least one plate, two or more adjacent flat plate sections being arranged on a straight line, as one of a plurality of apexes of the plurality of triangles, a maximum bent point projecting toward a car outer side being formed at the outside plate; a car outer side angle of the outside plate at the maximum bent point being largest among car outer side angles of the outside plate at the plurality of apexes; and a cross-sectional area of a region at the maximum bent point being larger than each of cross-sectional areas of regions at apexes each located between adjacent flat plate sections arranged on a single straight line.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a carbody of a railcar according to an embodiment.

(2) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing major components including a cantrail in a cross section of the carbody of FIG. 1, the cross section being perpendicular to a car longitudinal direction.

(3) FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the cantrail of FIG. 2.

(4) FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing another part of the cantrail of FIG. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(5) Hereinafter, an embodiment will be explained in reference to the drawings.

(6) FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a carbody 1 of a railcar according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the carbody 1 of the railcar includes: an underframe 2 as a bottom portion of the carbody; a pair of left and right side bodyshells 3, on each of which an opening portion 3a used for a window or an entrance is formed and each of which includes a lower end portion connected to one of both car width direction side portions of the underframe 2; cantrails 4 each having a lower end portion connected to an upper end portion of the side bodyshell 3; end bodyshells 5 each having a lower end portion connected to one of both car longitudinal direction end portions of the underframe 2; and a roof bodyshell 6 connected to upper end portions of the cantrails 4 and upper end portions of the end bodyshells 5. The side bodyshell 3 extending in a vertical direction and the roof bodyshell 6 extending in a horizontal direction are connected to each other through the cantrail 4. Therefore, the cantrail 4 has a bent shape that is convex substantially toward a car outer side as a whole when viewed from a car longitudinal direction.

(7) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing major components including the cantrail 4 in a cross section of the carbody 1 of FIG. 1, the cross section being perpendicular to the car longitudinal direction. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the cantrail 4 of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing another part of the cantrail 4 of FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, a lower end portion 4a of the cantrail 4 is joined to an upper end portion 3a of the side bodyshell 3 by welding along the car longitudinal direction, and an upper end portion 4b of the cantrail 4 is joined to a car width direction end portion 6a of the roof bodyshell 6 by welding along the car longitudinal direction. The cantrail 4 includes: an outside plate 11; an inside plate 12 arranged at a car inner side of the outside plate 11 and spaced apart from the outside plate 11; and a plurality of coupling rib plates 13 that are coupled to the outside plate 11 and the inside plate 12 and form a plurality of triangles together with the outside plate 11 and the inside plate 12, the triangles forming a truss shape. To be specific, the cantrail 4 is a double skin bodyshell having a truss structure cross section and is integrally formed by extrusion using metal such as an aluminium alloy.

(8) The outside plate 11 includes a circular-arc portion A1 at a lower side thereof. The outside plate 11 includes: a first linear portion B1 upwardly continuous with the circular-arc portion A1; and a second linear portion B2 upwardly continuous with the first linear portion B1 and having a different arrangement angle from the first linear portion B1. The first linear portion B1 is inclined relative to the vertical direction such that an upper side thereof is located at an inner side in a car width direction. The second linear portion B2 is inclined relative to the vertical direction such that an upper side thereof is located at the inner side in the car width direction. An inclination angle of the second linear portion B2 is larger than the inclination angle of the first linear portion B1. To be specific, since the first linear portion B1 and the second linear portion B2 have the respective angles, one bent point M1 projecting toward the car outer side is formed at the outside plate 11. The first linear portion B1 is interposed between the circular-arc portion A1 and the bent point M1.

(9) The outside plate 11 includes a plurality of flat plate sections 11a and a plurality of curved plate sections 11b. Each of the flat plate sections 11a is a section connecting two apexes of a hollow triangle of the truss structure, the two apexes being located at the outside plate 11 side. A neutral line passing through a thickness-direction center of the flat plate section 11a is a straight line. Each of the curved plate sections 11b is a section connecting two apexes of a hollow triangle of the truss structure, the two apexes being located at the outside plate 11 side. A neutral line passing through a thickness-direction center of the curved plate section 11b has a circular-arc shape that is convex toward the car outer side. The outside plate 11 further includes one mixed section 11c sandwiched between the flat plate section 11a and the curved plate section 11b. The mixed section lie is a section connecting two apexes of a hollow triangle of the truss structure, the two apexes being located at the outside plate 11 side. The mixed section 11c includes: a curved plate portion in which a neutral line passing through a thickness-direction center thereof is convex toward the car outer side; and a flat plate portion smoothly continuous with the curved plate portion.

(10) The circular-arc portion A1 of the outside plate 11 includes the plurality of curved plate sections 11b continuously lined up from a lower end portion of the outside plate 11. Specifically, the circular-arc portion A1 is formed by the plurality of curved plate sections 11b and the curved plate portion of the mixed section 11c. The first linear portion B1 of the outside plate 11 includes the plurality of flat plate sections 11a arranged so as to be lined up on a single straight line. Specifically, the first linear portion B1 is formed such that the plurality of flat plate sections 11a and the flat plate portion of the mixed section 11c are arranged so as to be lined up on a single straight line. The second linear portion B1 of the outside plate 11 is formed by one flat plate section 11a. To be specific, a plurality of sections of the outside plate 11 includes the flat plate sections 11a and the curved plate sections 11b. In the outside plate 11, the number of flat plate sections 11a is larger than the number of curved plate sections 11b. The bent point M1 of the outside plate 11 is formed since two adjacent flat plate sections 11a have respective angles.

(11) The inside plate 12 includes first to fourth linear portions C1 to C4 that are continuous with one another and have respective angles different from one another. Each of the first to fourth linear portions C1 to C4 is inclined relative to the vertical direction such that an upper side thereof is located at the inner side in the car width direction. The linear portion (C4 to C1) arranged at an upper side has a larger inclination angle. To be specific, since the first to fourth linear portions C1 to C4 adjacent to one another have respective angles, a plurality of (for example, three) bent points N1 to N3 projecting toward the car outer side are formed at the inside plate 12.

(12) The inside plate 12 includes a plurality of flat plate sections 12a. Each of the flat plate sections 12a is a section connecting two apexes of a hollow triangle of the truss structure, the two apexes being located at the inside plate 12 side. A neutral line passing through a thickness-direction center of the flat plate section 12a is a straight line. Each of the first and second linear portions C1 and C2 of the inside plate 12 is formed such that a plurality of flat plate sections 12a are arranged so as to be lined up on a single straight line. The number of flat plate sections 12a of the second linear portion C2 is larger than the number of flat plate sections of the first linear portion C1. Each of the third and fourth linear portions C3 and C4 of the inside plate 12 is formed by one flat plate section 12a. Each of the bent points N1 to N3 of the inside plate 12 is formed since two adjacent flat plate sections 12a have respective angles. The inside plate 12 does not include a curved plate section, and the inside plate 12 is constituted by only the flat plate sections 12a.

(13) A car outer side angle of the outside plate 11 at the bent point M1 is the largest among car outer side angles of the outside plate 11 at respective apexes of the triangles of the cantrail 4, the apexes being located at the outside plate 11 side. The bent point M1 of the outside plate 11 is also called a maximum bent point M1. The car outer side angle of the outside plate 11 at the maximum bent point M1 is larger than each of the car outer side angles of the inside plate 12 at respective apexes of the triangles of the cantrail 4, the apexes being located at the inside plate 12 side. To be specific, the car outer side angle of the outside plate 11 at the maximum bent point M1 is larger than each of the car outer side angles of the inside plate 12 at the bent points N1 to N3.

(14) The number of bent points N1 to N3 of the inside plate 12 is larger than the number of bent points M1 of the outside plate 11. Specifically, the number of bent points N1 to N3 of the inside plate 12 is larger than twice the number of bent points M1 of the outside plate 11. In the present embodiment, the number of bent points N1 to N3 of the inside plate 12 is three, and the number of bent points M1 of the outside plate 11 is one. The outside plate 11 includes a plurality of linear portions B1 and B2 that are different in angle from each other, and the inside plate 12 includes a plurality of linear portions C1 to C4 that are different in angle from each other. The number of linear portions C1 to C4 of the inside plate 12 is larger than the number of linear portions B1 and B2 of the outside plate 11. Specifically, the number of linear portions C1 to C4 of the inside plate 12 is not less than twice the number of linear portions B1 and B2 of the outside plate 11. In the present embodiment, the number of linear portions C1 to C4 of the inside plate 12 is four, and the number of linear portions B1 and B2 of the outside plate 11 is two.

(15) The number of linear portions C1 and C2 each formed by a plurality of flat plate sections 12a in the inside plate 12 is larger than the number of linear portions B1 each formed by a plurality of flat plate sections 11a in the outside plate 11. In the present embodiment, the number of linear portions C1 and C2 each formed by a plurality of flat plate sections 12a in the inside plate 12 is two, and the number of linear portions B1 each formed by a plurality of flat plate sections 11a in the outside plate 11 is one. The linear portion C2 that is the longest among the linear portions B1 and B2 of the outside plate 11 and the linear portions C1 to C4 of the inside plate 12 is provided at the inside plate 12. To be specific, the second linear portion C2 that is the longest among the first to fourth linear portions C1 to C4 of the inside plate 12 is longer than the first linear portion B1 that is the longest among the first and second linear portions B1 and B2 of the outside plate 11.

(16) As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first and second linear portions B1 and B2 each including the flat plate section(s) 11a are adjacently arranged at both respective sides of the maximum bent point M1 of the outside plate 11. A portion facing the car inner side of the maximum bent point M1 of the inside plate 12 is the flat plate section 12a, and an intermediate portion of the flat plate section 12a facing the maximum bent point M1 is not directly connected to the maximum bent point M1, that is, not coupled to the maximum bent point M1. The number of coupling rib portions 13 directly connected to the maximum bent point M1 is two. A cross-sectional area of the maximum bent point M1 is larger than each of cross-sectional areas of the bent points N1 to N3 of the cantrail 4. Further, the cross-sectional area of the maximum bent point M1 is larger than each of cross-sectional areas of apexes P each located between the adjacent flat plate sections 11a arranged on a single straight line and cross-sectional areas of apexes P each located between the adjacent flat plate sections 12a arranged on a single straight line.

(17) An end plate 14 inclined relative to a thickness direction of the cantrail 4 is provided at the end portion 4b of the cantrail 4, the end portion 4b being located close to the roof bodyshell 6. The end plate 14 is inclined such that an upper portion thereof is located at a car width direction outer side of a lower portion thereof. A pair of upper and lower convex portions 15 and 16 fitted to the roof bodyshell 6 are provided at the upper and lower portions of the end plate 14, respectively so as to project toward the inner side in the car width direction. The upper convex portion 15 is located at a car width direction outer side of the lower convex portion 16. The cantrail 4 is provided with a bracket portion 17 projecting upward from the maximum bent portion M1 of the outside plate 11.

(18) As shown in FIG. 2, the maximum bent point M1 of the outside plate 11 is arranged at an upper side of the cantrail 4. A length from the maximum bent point M1 to an end portion, close to the side bodyshell 3, of the outside plate 11 is longer than a length from the maximum bent point M1 to an end portion, close to the roof bodyshell 6, of the outside plate 11. A width of the entire cantrail 4 in the car width direction is smaller than a height of the entire cantrail 4 in the vertical direction. The first linear portion B1 of the outside plate 11 and the second linear portion C2 of the inside plate 12 are parallel to each other. The second linear portion B2 of the outside plate 11 and the fourth linear portion C4 of the inside plate 12 are parallel to each other. The first bent portion N1 is arranged at the inside plate 12 so as to be located in a region facing the car inner side of the circular-arc portion A1 of the outside plate 11.

(19) Next, mechanical actions of an airtight load on the cantrail 4 having the truss structure cross section will be explained in reference to FIG. 4. A stress applied to the curved plate section 11b of the outside plate 11 is represented by Formula 1 below. In Formula 1, .sub.bend denotes a bending component stress, and .sub.comp denotes a simple compression component stress.
=.sub.bend+.sub.compFormula 1

(20) The bending component stress .sub.bend is calculated by Formula 2 below, and the simple compression component stress .sub.comp is calculated by Formula 3 below. In Formulas 2 and 3, M denotes a moment applied to the outside plate 11, Z denotes a section modulus, d denotes a displacement amount between the outside plate 11 and a straight line connecting two apexes of the triangle, the two apexes being located at the outside plate 11 side, F denotes a compressive load of the outside plate 11, L denotes a car longitudinal direction size of the outside plate 11, and t denotes a thickness of the outside plate 11.

(21) $\begin{array}{cc}{}_{\mathrm{bend}}=\frac{M}{Z}=\frac{6.Math.d.Math.F}{L.Math.t^2}& \mathrm{Formula}2\\ {}_{\mathrm{comp}}=\frac{F}{L.Math.t}& \mathrm{Formula}3\end{array}$

(22) As is clear from Formulas 1 to 3, as the displacement amount d decreases, the bending component stress .sub.bend decreases. To be specific, the bending component stress .sub.bend corresponding to the displacement amount d is generated at the curved plate section 11b, and the bending component stress .sub.bend is not generated at the flat plate sections 11a and 12a. In the entire cantrail 4, the number of flat plate sections 11a and 12a is larger than half the number of sections 11a, 11b, 11c, and 12a of the outside and inside plates 11 and 12. In the present embodiment, the number of flat plate sections 11a and 12a is 10, and the number of sections 11a, 11b, 11c, and 12a of the outside and inside plates 11 and 12 is 13. In the outside plate 11, the number of flat plate sections 11a is not less than half the number of curved plate sections 11b. In the inside plate 12, all the sections are the flat plate sections 12a. Therefore, the airtight load transferred to the outside plate 11 and the inside plate 12 is received as in-plane stress by the flat plate sections 11a and 12a, and therefore, out-of-plane deformation is prevented.

(23) Further, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, since directions of the in-plane stresses of the two flat plate sections 11a sandwiching the bent point M1 are not located on the same straight line, a bending load is generated at the bent point M1. The two or more adjacent flat plate sections 11a sandwiching the apex P or the two or more adjacent flat plate sections 12a sandwiching the apex P are arranged so as to be lined up on a straight line. Therefore, even when the airtight load acting on the cantrail 4 significantly fluctuates, the generation of the bending load is suppressed at a connecting point (the apex of the triangle) between the flat plate sections 11a adjacent to each other on the straight line or between the flat plate sections 12a adjacent to each other on the straight line. On this account, even when the outside plate 11 and the inside plate 12 are reduced in thickness to be reduced in weight, buckling by the out-of-plane deformation can be suitably prevented. Further, the stress generated at the maximum bent portion M1 is larger than each of the stress generated at the apex P between the adjacent flat plate sections 11a arranged on the straight line, the stress generated at the apex P between the adjacent flat plate sections 12a arranged on the straight line, and the stresses generated at the bent points N1 to N3 of the cantrail 4. The cross-sectional area of the maximum bent portion M1 is larger than each of the cross-sectional area of the apex P between the adjacent flat plate sections 11a arranged on the straight line, the cross-sectional area of the apex P between the adjacent flat plate sections 12a arranged on the straight line, and the cross-sectional areas of the bent points N1 to N3 of the cantrail 4. Therefore, the bending deformation at the maximum bent portion M1 is suitably prevented, and the strength of the cantrail 4 with respect to a car longitudinal direction compressive load applied to the cantrail 4 is improved.

(24) The intermediate portion of the flat plate section 12a facing the car inner side of the maximum bent point M1 of the outside plate 11 is not directly connected to the maximum bent point M1, that is, not coupled to the maximum bent point M1. Therefore, the stress acting on the maximum bent portion M1 is prevented from acting on the flat plate section 12a as an out-of-plane direction local stress.

(25) Since the number of bent points N1 to N3 of the inside plate 12 is larger than the number of bent points M1 of the outside plate 11, an inner space of the railcar can be efficiently widely secured. Since the outside plate 11 includes both the flat plate sections 11a and the curved plate sections 11b, the strength can be improved by the flat plate sections 11a while improving the appearance by the curved plate sections 11b. Especially, since the curved plate sections 11b of the present embodiment are provided at a lower portion of the outside plate 11 which portion tends to affect the appearance, both the appearance and the strength can be effectively improved.

(26) Since the linear portion C2 that is the longest among the linear portions B1 and B2 of the outside plate 11 and the linear portions C1 to C4 of the inside plate 12 is provided at the inside plate 12, the adequate strength can be secured at the inside plate 12. Since a boundary between the circular-arc portion A1 and the first linear portion B1 in the outside plate 11 is located at not the apex of the triangle but an intermediate portion of the mixed section 11c, design freedom when setting the lengths of the first linear portion B1 and circular-arc portion A1 of the outside plate 11 is improved. Since the mixed section 11c faces the second linear portion C2 that is the longest in the inside plate 11, the strength of the cantrail 4 can be maintained satisfactorily.

(27) As above, while improving the appearance of the cantrail 4, the strength of the cantrail 4 can be structurally improved, and the increase in thickness of the cantrail 4 can be suitably suppressed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(28) As above, the carbody of the railcar according to the present invention has an excellent effect of structurally improving the strength of the cantrail and suppressing the increase in thickness of the cantrail. It is useful to widely apply the present invention to railcars which can achieve the significance of this effect.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(29) 1 carbody 3 side bodyshell 4 cantrail 6 roof bodyshell 11 outside plate 11a flat plate section 11b curved plate section 12 inside plate 12a flat plate section 13 coupling rib plate A1 circular-arc portion B1, B2, C1 to C4 linear portion M1 maximum bent point N1 to N3 bent point