COMPONENT, ARRANGEMENT OF COMPONENTS AND SYSTEM AND THE USE THEREOF

Abstract

A component (1, 7, 10, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 35) has a profiled front face (4, 8, 11, 16, 23, 26, 30, 41) and a rear face (5, 24, 34) and at least one fluid line (6, 9, 12, 14, 19, 27, 31, 38, 40). The component (1, 7, 10, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 35) is designed to allow a fluid present in the fluid line (6, 9, 12, 14, 19, 27, 31, 38, 40) to heat up when the front face (4, 8, 11, 16, 23, 26, 30, 41) is irradiated with sunlight.

Claims

1.-12. (canceled)

13. A structural element, comprising: a profiled front side; a rear side; at least one fluid line; wherein upon irradiation of the front side by sunlight, a fluid disposed in the fluid line is heated.

14. The structural element according to claim 13, wherein the fluid line is arranged on the front side, or wherein a wall arranged between the front side and the fluid line has a thickness that corresponds at most to double, or one half, or one quarter, or one tenth of a wall thickness of the fluid line.

15. The structural element according to claim 13, wherein the front side or the fluid line is designed, at least in some regions, to absorb or reflect infrared radiation or solar radiation, or wherein the front side or the fluid line is covered, at least in some regions, with a photovoltaic layer.

16. The structural element according to claim 13, further comprising at least one thermal insulation material arranged between the front side and the rear side.

17. The structural element according to claim 13, wherein the front side or the fluid line includes water vapor diffusion permeability, at least in some regions, or includes sound-insulating, at least in some regions.

18. The structural element according to claim 13, wherein the front side comprises a cross-sectional profile with different widely protruding sections.

19. The structural element according to claim 13, wherein the front side comprises a functional surface structure or a dirt-repellent coating at least in some regions.

20. The structural element according to claim 13, wherein the structural element is part of a building or a vehicle.

21. A structural element arrangement, comprising: a first structural element and a second structural element according to claim 13; wherein rear sides of the first and second structural elements face each other.

22. A system, comprising: at least one structural element according to claim 13; and at least one pumping device to pump a fluid.

23. A system, comprising: at least one structural element arrangement according to claim 21; and at least one pumping device to pump a fluid.

24. The system according to claim 22, further comprising: at least one fluid or a control unit or at least one fluid reservoir or at least one heat exchanger or at least one expansion vessel or at least one safety element or at least one regulating device or at least one sensor or at least one valve or at least one collecting container for condensation or at least one smoke detector.

25. The system according to claim 23, further comprising: at least one fluid or a control unit or at least one fluid reservoir or at least one heat exchanger or at least one expansion vessel or at least one safety element or at least one regulating device or at least one sensor or at least one valve or at least one collecting container for condensation or at least one smoke detector.

26. The use of a structural element according to claim 13 for producing hot water or to heat a space or to cool a space or to generate electricity or to obtain water or to extinguish a fire.

27. The use of a structural element arrangement according to claim 21 for producing hot water or to heat a space or to cool a space or to generate electricity or to obtain water or to extinguish a fire.

28. The use of a system according to claim 22 for producing hot water or to heat a space or to cool a space or to generate electricity or to obtain water or to extinguish a fire.

Description

[0019] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments.

[0020] FIG. 1a) shows a spatial representation of a structural element;

[0021] FIG. 1b) shows a cross-section through the structural element of FIG. 1a) in a state covering a surface;

[0022] FIG. 2a) shows a schematic cross-section through a further structural element;

[0023] FIG. 2b) shows a schematic cross-section through a further structural element;

[0024] FIG. 3a) shows a detailed view of a structural element with a photovoltaic layer;

[0025] FIG. 3b) shows a detailed view of a further structural element with a photovoltaic layer;

[0026] FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through a structural element with a thermal insulation layer;

[0027] FIG. 5 shows a cross-section through a structural element;

[0028] FIG. 6 shows a cross-section through a structural element;

[0029] FIG. 7 shows a cross-section through a structural element;

[0030] FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of a structural element in which a wall is provided between the front side and the fluid line.

[0031] A simple embodiment of a structural element 1 is shown in the cross-section in FIG. 1a) in a spatial view and in FIG. 1b). The structural element 1 is provided for cladding a planar face or surface 2 of a wall 3 and has a front side 4 and a rear side 5. The front side 4 shows a corrugated cross-sectional profile with periodically-repeating symmetrical, arcuate shaped sections. A corresponding cross-sectional profile is also shown for the rear side 5. A respective fluid line 6 with a round cross-section extends in each case between two arc-shaped sections. In the state of the structural element 1 shown in FIG. 1b), which covers the surface 2, the structural element 1 with parts of the rear side 5 rests against the surface 2. In other words, the rear side 5 faces the surface 2, while the front side 4 faces away from the surface 2. Since the front side 4 faces away from the surface 2, the fluid lines 6 arranged on the front side 4 are uncovered or exposed, or they are also arranged to face away from the surface 2 on the structural element 1.

[0032] If one end of the fluid lines 6 is connected to a supply line (not shown) for a fluid, such as for example water, and the opposite end is connected to the fluid lines 6 for the fluid, the fluid lines 6 may be traversed by the fluid. Depending on whether the ambient temperature of the structural element 1 is greater or smaller than the temperature of the fluid flowing through the fluid lines 6, heat is absorbed or emitted by the fluid from/to the surroundings. Accordingly, the surroundings of the structural element 1 are either cooled or heated. If the wall 3 or the structural element 1 is exposed to solar radiation, the fluid within the fluid lines 6 is heated by the incident solar radiation. The heated fluid may be led via the discharge lines to a heat exchanger (not shown in the figures), which removes heat energy from the heated fluid. However, the heated fluid may also be guided to fluid lines of another structural element which is arranged on the wall surface of an interior space in order to heat this interior space. If the fluid is water, the water heated in the manner described may also be used as hot water.

[0033] Instead of providing a fluid line 6 between each arcuate shaped section as in the structural element 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1a) and 1b), in the case of other embodiments of the structural element more or fewer or only one fluid line 6 may also be arranged on the front side 4 of the structural element 1. These may also be arranged between two adjacent arcuate shaped sections or tops of the arcuate shaped sections, or some fluid lines between adjacent shaped sections and other fluid lines may be arranged at tops of shaped sections. Furthermore, the fluid lines 6 may be connected successively to each other in a communicating manner, so that the structural element 1 effectively has a single fluid line extending or meandering over the entire structural element 1.

[0034] A plurality of identical structural elements 1 may be arranged above and below and next to the described structural element 1 for the complete covering of the surface 2. In this case, fluid lines of adjacent structural elements 1 may be connected to one another in a communicating manner in order to enable a fluid to pass from, for example, the fluid line 6 of the structural element 1 into the fluid line of an adjacent structural element. In this way, it is possible to cover or clad the entire surface 2 with a plurality of identical structural elements 1, thereby providing one or more flow paths for the fluid extending over a plurality of structural elements 1.

[0035] If the structural element 1 is sufficiently stiff, it may also be set up to be self-supporting and, for example, to form a wall itself instead of cladding a wall. Or the structural element may be attached to one or more pillars. If the wall clad by the structural element is a curved wall, the structural element may be appropriately curved in order to adapt itself to the curvature of the wall.

[0036] Instead of the cross-sectional profile with arcuate shaped sections, as is shown for the structural element 1 in FIGS. 1a) and 1b), the front side may also have differently shaped cross-sectional profiles. For example, FIG. 2 shows a cross-section through a structural element 7, the front side 8 of which has a cross-sectional profile with periodically-repeating trapezoidal shaped sections. Flat fluid lines 9 are arranged between two adjacent trapezoidal shaped sections on the front side 8. A similar structural element 10, which likewise has a front side 11 with a cross-sectional profile with periodically-repeating trapezoidal shape sections, is shown in FIG. 2b). In the device 10, however, fluid lines 12 are not arranged between two adjacent trapezoidal shaped sections but at the top of each of the trapezoidal shaped sections.

[0037] FIG. 3a) shows a detailed view of a structural element 13 with arcuate shaped sections, between which, as in the case of the structural element 1 shown in FIGS. 1a) and 1b), fluid lines 14 may be arranged in a circular cross-section. The fluid line 14 shown in FIG. 3a) is covered by a photovoltaic layer 15 which extends on both sides of the fluid line 14 as well as over a part of the front side 16 of the structural element 13. When the structural element 13 is irradiated with sunlight, therefore, not only the fluid in the fluid line 14 is heated, but electrical current is also generated by the photovoltaic layer 15. Due to the direct contact with the fluid line 14, heat is dissipated from the photovoltaic layer 15 by the fluid. The photovoltaic layer 15 is thereby cooled, thereby increasing its efficiency. In an alternative embodiment, the photovoltaic layer 15 may also cover or clad the entire structural element 13.

[0038] FIG. 3b) shows a similar structural element 17 with a photovoltaic layer 18, which is not in contact with the fluid line 19 in contrast to the structural element 13 shown in FIG. 3a. Instead, the photovoltaic layer 18 is spaced from the fluid line 19 in FIG. 3b), so that an air channel 20 is formed between the photovoltaic layer 18 and the fluid line 19. Air that flows through this air channel 20 contributes to the cooling of the photovoltaic layer 18. Again, in an alternative embodiment, the photovoltaic layer 18 may cover or clad the entire structural element 17. During cooling, the air channel 20 may be advantageously used to obtain water or condensation.

[0039] A structural element 21 with a thermal insulation layer 22 is shown in FIG. 4. The front side 23 of this structural element 21 essentially corresponds to that of the structural element 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1a) and 1b). However, in the structural element 21, the rear side 24 coincides with a side of the parallelepiped thermal insulation layer 22 which is thus arranged between the rear side 24 of the structural element 21 and the front side 23 thereof. The heat insulation layer 22 is a layer of hemp fibers because hemp fibers are characterized not only by good thermal insulation properties but also by high water vapor diffusion permeability.

[0040] A cross-section through a further structural element 25 is shown in FIG. 5. In the structural element 25, the cross-sectional profile is shaped like a wave on the front side 26 thereof. Fluid lines 27 are arranged at the tops of the corrugations. Unlike the structural element 21 comprising the insulation layer 22, the structural element 25 is completely filled by a thermal insulation material 28. Thus, no voids remain within the structural element 25, in which condensation could build up or accumulate.

[0041] A very similar structural element 29 is shown in FIG. 6. The structural element 29 also has a cross-sectional profile with a wave-like front face 30 and fluid lines 31 arranged at the tops of the waves. Furthermore, the structural element 29 is also completely filled by a thermal insulation material 32. However, the structural element 29 also has further fluid lines 33, which are arranged adjacent to the rear side 34 of the structural element 29, or in a rear end section of the structural element 29. By means of the fluid lines 31 and the fluid lines 34 two separate fluid circuits may be implemented. Or, a fluid which is heated upon exposure to the front surface 30 in the fluid lines 31 may then be guided into the fluid lines 33 where it may deliver the previously-absorbed heat to the surroundings of the rear side 34.

[0042] A further structural element 35 is shown in FIG. 7. The cross-sectional profile of the structural element 35 is characterized in that it has sections 36 which protrude further than the intermediate sections 37, and which are arranged at the tops of which fluid lines 38. Thus, the fluid lines 38 of the further protruding sections 36 are protected from environmental influences. As in the previous examples, the device 35 is also filled with a thermal insulation material 39.

[0043] In the examples described above, the fluid lines of the structural elements need not be uncovered or exposed at all. Rather, a wall or layer may also be present between the front sides of the structural elements and their fluid lines. FIG. 8 shows a detailed view of a structural element with a fluid line 40, which is covered by a wall 42 towards the front side 41 of the structural element. The wall 42 has a thickness D, while the fluid line has a wall thickness d. In order to ensure that fluid which is located within the fluid line 40 is heated when it is irradiated with solar radiation on the front side 41, the thickness D of the wall 42 should not be too great. The thinner the thickness D of the wall 42 relative to the wall thickness d of the fluid line 40, the better the fluid in the fluid line 40 is heated. Therefore, it is preferable that the thickness D of the wall 42 is at most double or a unit, or a half, or one quarter, or one-tenth of the wall thickness d of the fluid line 40.

[0044] In particular, the structural elements 21, 25, 29 and 35 are suitable, owing to their flat backs, to form a structural element arrangement in which two of these structural elements 21, 25, 29 and 35 are arranged with their rear sides facing each other, or even adjacent to one another. In the case of such a structural element arrangement, the front sides of the respective structural elements 21, 25, 29 and 35 forming the structural element arrangement, are opposite each other or face away from one another, so that the resulting structural element arrangement has two opposing sides with respective fluid lines. Such a structural element arrangement may, for example, be similar to the structural element 29 shown in FIG. 6.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

[0045] 1. Structural element [0046] 2. Surface [0047] 3. Wall [0048] 4. Front side [0049] 5. Rear side [0050] 6. Fluid line [0051] 7. Structural element [0052] 8. Front side [0053] 9. Fluid line [0054] 10. Structural element [0055] 11. Front side [0056] 12. Fluid line [0057] 13. Structural element [0058] 14 Fluid line [0059] 15. Photovoltaic layer [0060] 16 Front side [0061] 17. Structural element [0062] 18. Photovoltaic layer [0063] 19. Fluid line [0064] 20. Air channel [0065] 21. Structural element [0066] 22. Thermal insulation layer [0067] 23. Front side [0068] 24. Rear side [0069] 25. Structural element [0070] 26. Front side [0071] 27. Fluid line [0072] 28. Thermal insulation material [0073] 29. Structural element [0074] 30. Front side [0075] 31. Fluid line [0076] 32. Thermal insulation material [0077] 33. Fluid line [0078] 34. Rear side [0079] 35. Structural element [0080] 36. Protruding section [0081] 37. Protruding section [0082] 38. Fluid line [0083] 39. Thermal insulation material [0084] 40. Fluid line [0085] 41. Front side [0086] 42. Wall