Gear and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

In a manufacturing method, an annular preform made of reinforcing fibers is set in a region of a mold which corresponds to a sleeve. In this state, this region of the mold and a region of the mold which corresponds to a tooth portion are filled with a resin. A gear is manufactured by this process.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a gear, comprising: setting, in a radially inward region of a mold, an annular preform that is made of a reinforcing fiber and corresponds to a region of a sleeve of the gear, the mold also including an annular, radially outermost region that corresponds to a tooth portion of the gear, that is located radially outward of the inward region and the annular preform, and contacts the inward region; and impregnating the set annular preform with a resin-containing material and entirely filling with the resin-containing material the inward and outermost regions of the mold (i) so that the sleeve of the gear includes the reinforcing fiber and the tooth portion consists of the impregnated resin-containing material and (ii) so that the sleeve of the gear with the reinforcing fiber abuts a center through hole of the gear.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the annular preform is formed by stacking discs, made of the reinforcing fiber, that have a hole.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the resin-containing material is heated and melted, and the melted material is injected into the mold by injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the resin-containing material and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the material.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein a liquid precursor of the resin-containing material or a liquid resin is injected into the mold by resin injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the tooth portion is formed to have a cylindrical outer periphery, and teeth are formed in the outer periphery by cutting after a molding is removed from the mold.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the annular preform is formed by connecting a braided cord made of the reinforcing fiber into an annular shape.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the resin-containing material is heated and melted, and the melted material is injected into the mold by injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the resin-containing material and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the material.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein a liquid precursor of the resin-containing material or a liquid resin is injected into the mold by resin injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the tooth portion is formed to have a cylindrical outer periphery, and teeth are formed in the outer periphery by cutting after a molding is removed from the mold.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the annular preform is formed as a three-dimensional fabric made of the reinforcing fiber.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the resin-containing material is heated and melted, and the melted material is injected into the mold by injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the resin-containing material and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the material.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein a liquid precursor of the resin-containing material or a liquid resin is injected into the mold by resin injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the tooth portion is formed to have a cylindrical outer periphery, and teeth are formed in the outer periphery by cutting after a molding is removed from the mold.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the annular preform is formed by winding up a cylinder made of the reinforcing fiber in a longitudinal direction.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the resin-containing material is heated and melted, and the melted material is injected into the mold by injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the resin-containing material and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the material.

16. The method according to claim 14, wherein a liquid precursor of the resin-containing material or a liquid resin is injected into the mold by resin injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resin-containing material is heated and melted, and the melted material is injected into the mold by injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the resin-containing material and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the material.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid precursor of the resin-containing material or a liquid resin is injected into the mold by resin injection molding to impregnate the annular preform with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin and to fill entirely the regions of the mold with the liquid precursor or the liquid resin.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tooth portion is formed to have a cylindrical outer periphery, and teeth are formed in the outer periphery by cutting after a molding is removed from the mold.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The foregoing and further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of example embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals are used to represent like elements and wherein:

(2) FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing a molding that is formed by setting an annular preform in a mold, and impregnating the annular preform with a resin and filling each region of the mold with the resin in an example of a method for manufacturing a gear according to the present invention, and showing the molding before teeth are formed in the outer periphery thereof;

(3) FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing an example of a completed gear produced by removing the molding from the mold and forming the teeth in the outer periphery of the molding;

(4) FIG. 2A is a perspective view illustrating the position of the region that accommodates the annular preform and that is filled with the resin in the mold used in the manufacturing method of the above example;

(5) FIG. 2B is a perspective view showing the state where the annular preform has been set in the region of the mold which corresponds to a sleeve; and

(6) FIGS. 3A to 3D are perspective views showing examples of the annular preform that is set in the mold.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(7) Referring to FIG. 1A, a molding 2 serving as a base of a gear 1 has an annular tooth portion 3 as a radial outermost portion thereof and a thick disc-shaped sleeve 4 located radially inward of the tooth portion 3 so as to contact the tooth portion 3. A through hole 5 is formed in the center of the sleeve 4 so that a shaft, not shown, is inserted through and fixed in the through hole 5. The sleeve 4 has an annular preform 6 embedded therein, and is made of a fiber reinforced composite that is formed by impregnating reinforcing fibers forming the annular preform 6 with a resin. The tooth portion 3 is made of a resin containing no reinforcing fibers. The tooth portion 3 and the sleeve 4 are firmly fixed together by a continuous phase of the resin.

(8) Each of the through hole 5 and an outer periphery 7 of the tooth portion 3 has a cylindrical shape having a constant diameter. The outer periphery 7 is located concentrically with the through hole 5. The annular preform 6 embedded in the sleeve 4 is also located concentrically with the through hole 5. Referring to FIG. 2A, a mold 8 for producing the molding 2 includes a first region 9 and a second region 10. The first region 9 corresponds to the three-dimensional shape of the tooth portion 3. The second region 10 is located radially inward of the first region 9 so as to contact the first region 9, and corresponds to the three-dimensional shape of the sleeve 4. A columnar pin 11 corresponding to the through hole 5 and having a constant diameter is inserted through the center of the second region 10.

(9) An inner periphery 12 of the first region 9 has a cylindrical shape corresponding to the outer periphery 7 of the tooth portion 3 and having a constant diameter. The inner periphery 12 and the pin 11 are located concentrically with each other so that the outer periphery 7 and the through hole 5 of the molding 2 are formed concentrically with each other. Accuracy of the inside diameter of the through hole 5 depends on accuracy of the outside diameter of the pin 11. Accordingly, accuracy of press-fitting of the shaft in the through hole 5 can be improved by increasing the accuracy of the outside diameter of the pin 11. Alternatively, the through hole 5 may be formed by cutting after molding so that the inside diameter of the through hole 5 has predetermined accuracy.

(10) Referring to FIG. 2B, in the manufacturing method of this example, the annular preform 6 is first set in the second region 10 of the mold 8. As shown in the figure, a preform whose inside diameter is substantially the same as the outside diameter of the pin 11 is used as the annular preform 6. This allows the annular preform 6 to be located concentrically with the through hole 5 as described above.

(11) For example, preforms shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D etc. can be used as the annular preform 6. For example, the annular preform 6 of FIG. 3A is formed by stacking a plurality of discs 13 with a hole, which are made of reinforcing fibers, to a predetermined thickness in the thickness direction as shown by arrows in the figure. Examples of the disc 13 with a hole include a fabric produced by weaving reinforcing fibers into a disc shape with a hole, or a sheet-like fabric or a unidirectional material punched into a disc shape with a hole, etc.

(12) The annular preform 6 of FIG. 3B is formed by weaving reinforcing fibers into a braided cord 14 having a certain thickness and a certain width and connecting both ends of the braided cord 14 into an annular shape as shown by arrows in the figure. In the case where the braided cord 14 is not thick enough, a plurality of braided cords 14 may be stacked in the thickness direction like the discs 13 with a hole shown in FIG. 3A. The annular preform 6 of FIG. 3C is formed as a three-dimensional fabric 15 produced by weaving reinforcing fibers into a three-dimensional shape.

(13) The annular preform 6 of FIG. 3D is formed by weaving reinforcing fibers to form a cylinder 16 and winding up the cylinder 16 in the longitudinal direction shown by arrows in the figure. Various fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, or aramid fibers can be used as the reinforcing fibers for the annular preform 6. In particular, carbon fibers are preferable in order to make the sleeve 4 of the gear 1 as strong and rigid as possible. Carbon fibers having tensile strength of 3,000 MPa or more and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa or more are preferable in order to further enhance these effects of carbon fibers.

(14) In order to ensure satisfactory adhesion to the resin, the surfaces of the carbon resins are preferably treated with, e.g., a urethane, epoxy, acrylic, bismaleimide, or other sizing agent.

(15) In the manufacturing method of this example, a resin is then injected into the first and second regions 9, 10 of the mold 8. The annular preform 6 set in the second region 10 is thus impregnated with the resin, and the entire first and second resins 9, 10 are filled with the resin, whereby the molding 2 as shown in FIG. 1A is formed.

(16) For example, the regions 9, 10 of the mold 8 can be filled with the resin by injection molding, namely by heating and melting the resin and injecting the resin in the fluidized state by an injection molding machine through a gate (not shown). Any type of gate may be used as the gate, such as a pin gate communicating with a plurality of desired positions of the first or second regions 9, 10 of the mold 8 or a disc gate communicating with the entire circumference of the first region 9 and/or the second region 10.

(17) In the case where the resin is a thermoplastic resin, the molding 2 is formed by cooling and solidifying the resin filling the first and second regions 9, 10. In the case where the resin is a thermosetting resin, the molding 2 is formed by filling the first and second regions 9, 10 and then curing the resin by heating. Various thermoplastic resins that can be injection molded can be used as the thermoplastic resin. For example, engineering plastics such as a polyamide (PA6, PA66, PA46, etc.) or super engineering plastics such as an aromatic polyamide (PA6T, PT9T, PPA), a polyacetal, PEEK, and PPS which are often used particularly in the mechanical field are preferable as the thermoplastic resin.

(18) Various thermosetting resins that can be injection molded and that are cured quickly can be used as the thermosetting resin. Examples of such a thermosetting resin include a phenol resin (resol or novolac type) and an unsaturated polyester resin. An epoxy resin capable of being cured quickly instead of being sticky, flexible, etc. can be used as the thermosetting resin. A filler may be added to the resin. Adding the filler can further improve toughness, strength, wear resistance, shock resistance, etc. of the tooth portion 3 while particularly maintaining satisfactory flexibility of the tooth portion 3 containing no reinforcing fibers. Moreover, adding the filler can further improve strength and rigidity of the sleeve 4 and thus overall strength and rigidity of the gear 1 as the reinforcing fibers forming the annular preform 6 is impregnated with the filler.

(19) Examples of the filler include one or more of a fibrous filler such as glass fibers and carbon fibers, a plate-like filler such as glass flakes, and a filler capable of finely reinforcing the resin such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. Both in the case where the filler is not added to the resin and in the case where the filler is added to the resin, the resin (the resin itself in the former case, and the resin containing the filler in the latter case) preferably has a melt flow rate of 30 g/10 min or more, and more preferably 50 g/10 min or more, during injection molding (in the melted state).

(20) If the melt flow rate is lower than the above range, the annular preform 6 cannot be satisfactorily completely impregnated with the resin or with the resin and the filler by injection molding. As a result, a part of the annular preform 6 which has failed to be impregnated with the resin may serve as a fracture origin, reducing mechanical strength of the gear 1. Moreover, the regions 9, 10 may fail to be completely and sufficiently filled with the resin, resulting in defective molding. In order to adjust the melt flow rate in the above range, a viscosity reducer, a dispersant, an amorphous resin for reducing the solidification rate, etc. may be added as appropriate to the resin.

(21) In particular, in the case of using a resin having high melt viscosity during injection molding, in order to satisfactorily completely impregnate the annular preform 6 with the resin or with the resin and the filler, or to completely and sufficiently fill the regions 9, 10 with the resin or with the resin and the filler, the mold 8 may be evacuated and injection molding may be performed under reduced pressure. In the manufacturing method of this example, the regions 9, 10 can be filled with a liquid precursor of the resin or a liquid resin by, e.g., resin injection molding such as resin transfer molding (RTM) or vacuum resin transfer molding (VaRTM).

(22) An example of the liquid precursor of the resin which is used in the above methods is a mixture of a monomer or oligomer that produces the thermoplastic resin such as monomer-cast nylon with a polymerization catalyst, a polymerization promoting catalyst, a reaction initiator, etc. An example of the liquid resin is a liquid thermosetting resin capable of being injected into the mold 8 by resin injection molding and capable of being cured quickly. Examples of such a thermosetting resin include a phenol resin (resol or novolac type), an unsaturated polyester resin, an epoxy resin capable of being cured quickly instead of being sticky, flexible, etc. and being in a liquid state before being cured, and a resin liquefied by adding a reactive diluent etc.

(23) A similar filler may be added to the liquid precursor of the resin or to the liquid resin for a reason similar to the above reason in the case of injection molding. For example, in the RTM method, the liquid precursor or the liquid resin is injected into the mold 8 by a clamping force and a pump pressure. In the VaRTM method, the mold 8 is evacuated so that the liquid precursor or the liquid resin is sucked and injected therein. In the case of using the liquid precursor, the liquid precursor is then heated as necessary, whereby the monomer etc. produces the resin by a polymerization reaction, and the resin become solidified to form the molding 2. In the case of using the liquid thermosetting resin, the liquid thermosetting resin is heated and cured after the mold 8 is filled therewith, whereby the molding 2 is formed.

(24) Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the molding 2 thus formed by one of the above methods is removed from the mold 8. Teeth 17 are then formed in the outer periphery 7 of the tooth portion 3 by cutting in a manner similar to that of conventional examples. The gear 1 is thus completed. In the gear 1 of the example of FIG. 1A which is manufactured by the above process, the strong, rigid sleeve 4 made of the fiber reinforced composite and the tooth portion 3 made of the resin containing no reinforcing fibers and thus being flexible, tough, and less likely to generate rattling noise etc. and having high shock resistance are firmly fixed together by the continuous phase of the resin. The gear 1 is thus lightweight.

(25) Accordingly, for example, using the gear 1 thus manufactured as a worm wheel of a speed reducer of an electric power steering system can significantly reduce the weight of the speed reducer and thus the weight of the electric power steering system. The configuration of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example shown in the figures. For example, the shaft may be set at the position of the pin 11 of the mold 8, and insert molding may be performed. The molding 2 having the shaft inserted and fixed therein can thus be formed simultaneously with molding.

(26) Alternatively, protrusions and recesses corresponding to the teeth 17 may be formed in the region corresponding to the outer periphery 7 of the tooth portion 3 of the mold 8, and the teeth 17 may be directly formed in the outer periphery 7 of the tooth portion 3 by injecting the resin. Various other modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.