WEAPON MOUNTABLE ILLUMINATION DEVICE

20230056507 · 2023-02-23

Assignee

Inventors

Cpc classification

International classification

Abstract

A weapon mountable illumination device configured to mount to existing firearm mounting rails to provide illumination of potential targets while mitigating problems associated with snagging, and shadow casting. It is an aspect of the present invention to provide a rapidly mountable device to provide increased lighting capability while obviating the need to remove back up iron sights.

Claims

1. A weapon mountable illumination device comprising: a first lighting element, and a second lighting element; the lighting elements are interconnected by a web extending therebetween; and the web comprising a first side having an interconnection mechanism, wherein the interconnection mechanism is configured to interconnect with a firearm, and wherein the lighting elements are configured to shine forward when the weapon mountable illumination device is interconnected the firearm.

2. The illumination device of claim 1, further comprising an actuation switch disposed on a rearward portion of the illumination device, wherein the actuation of the actuation switch actuates the lighting elements.

3. The illumination device of claim 2, wherein the actuation switch is disposed on a rearward aspect of a first battery compartment.

4. The illumination device of claim 2, further comprising a modality switch disposed on a first lateral aspect of the illumination device, wherein the actuation of the modality switch switches a modality of the lighting elements.

5. The illumination device of claim 4, further comprising a second actuation switch and a second modality switch.

6. The illumination device of claim 5, wherein the second actuation switch is disposed on the rearward portion of the illumination device, and wherein the second modality switch is disposed on a second lateral aspect of the illumination device.

7. The illumination device of claim 6, wherein the first actuation switch is disposed on a rearward aspect of a first battery compartment, and the second actuation switch is disposed on a rearward aspect of a second battery compartment.

8. The illumination device of claim 6, wherein the lighting elements comprise a diameter which is greater than a thickness of the web.

9. The illumination device of claim 8, wherein the lighting elements comprise a lateral offset from a centerline of the illumination device wherein the lateral offset is greater than the thickness of the web.

10. The illumination device of claim 9, wherein the lighting elements comprise an angular offset from the web.

11. The illumination device of claim 10, wherein the angular offset is configured wherein the lighting elements are angled toward the firearm when the illumination device is interconnected with the firearm.

12. The weapon mountable illumination device of claim 6, wherein the interconnection mechanism comprises a channel in a first side of the web, wherein the channel extends from a forward aspect of the web to a rearward aspect of the web, and wherein the channel is configured to slidably mate with a rail interface system of a firearm.

13. The weapon mountable lighting device of claim 12, wherein the channel comprises undercut sidewalls.

14. The weapon mountable lighting device of claim 13, wherein the web comprises a second side; the second side of the web comprising a through-hole extending from a first lateral aspect of the web, to a second lateral aspect of the web; the through-hole is transverse to the channel; and the through-hole comprises a medial portion open to the channel, wherein the through-hole is configured to receive a pin therethrough, and wherein when the channel is slidably mated with a rail interface system of a firearm, and a pin is inserted through the through-hole, a medial portion of the pin engages with a slot of the rail interface system places the weapon mountable illumination device into a locked configuration with the rail interface system.

15. The weapon mountable illumination device of claim 6, comprising a first oblong fastener interconnected with the first side of the web, and the first oblong fastener is configured to interconnect with an elongated slot of a firearm; the first oblong fastener comprising a central axis, and a keyed connector located on the second side of the web, wherein the insertion of the first oblong fastener through the elongated slot, and rotating the first oblong fastener about the central axis by rotating the keyed connector thereby interconnects the weapon mountable illumination device to the firearm in a locked configuration.

16. The weapon mountable illumination device of claim 1, further comprising a second oblong fastener.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] FIG. 1A—An exploded perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device for assembly with a firearm

[0033] FIG. 1B—A perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device assembled with a firearm

[0034] FIG. 2A—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0035] FIG. 2B—A rear view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0036] FIG. 3A—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0037] FIG. 3B—A front view detail of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device shown in FIG. 3A

[0038] FIG. 3C—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device assembled with a firearm

[0039] FIG. 4—A front perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0040] FIG. 5—A system representation of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0041] FIG. 6—A rear perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0042] FIG. 7A—A top view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0043] FIG. 7B—A bottom view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0044] FIG. 7C—A left side view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0045] FIG. 7D—A right side view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0046] FIG. 8A—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0047] FIG. 8B—A rear view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0048] FIG. 9—A front perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0049] FIG. 10—A rear perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0050] FIG. 11A—A left side view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0051] FIG. 11B—A right side view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0052] FIG. 11C—A top view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device in a locked configuration

[0053] FIG. 11D—A bottom view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0054] FIG. 12A—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device in a locked configuration

[0055] FIG. 12B—A top view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device in a locked configuration

[0056] FIG. 13A—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0057] FIG. 13B—A rear view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0058] FIG. 13C—A sideview of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0059] FIG. 13D—A top view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0060] FIG. 13E—A bottom view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0061] FIG. 13F—A bottom perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0062] FIG. 13G—A top perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0063] FIG. 14A—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0064] FIG. 14B—A rear view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0065] FIG. 14C—A sideview of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0066] FIG. 14D—A top view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0067] FIG. 14E—A bottom view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0068] FIG. 14F—A bottom perspective exploded view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0069] FIG. 14G—A top perspective view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0070] FIG. 14H—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

[0071] FIG. 14J—A front view of certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS EMBODIMENTS

[0072] Certain embodiments of the present invention, such as shown in FIG. 1A-FIG. 1B, comprise a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 configured to slidably affix to the forward end of a firearm 9000 for providing illumination toward a forward aspect 9100, or muzzle end, of the firearm 9000.

[0073] Certain embodiments comprise a weapon mountable illumination device 1000, as seen in FIG. 2A-FIG. 2B and FIG. 8A-FIG. 8B, which has a cuff form 1100 wherein the cuff form has a first end 1110, a second end 1120, and a gap 1130 disposed therebetween. The gap 1130 extends longitudinally between the first open side 1150 and the second open side 1160 resulting in an open cuff which extends between a first end 1110 and a second end 1120 wherein the cuff less than 360-degrees between the ends. The weapon mountable illumination device 1000 comprises a first open side 1150, a second open side 1160, and a pathway 1170 there between. The gap 1130 of the cuff form is configured to allow the mounting to a firearm 9000, now referencing FIG. 1A-FIG. 1B, without impediment to or from existing elements of the firearm such as fixed iron sights 9200 or backup iron sights (BUIS), a slide of a semi-automatic pistol, or other aspects, or accessories mounted to a top aspect of a firearm such as those mounted to a rail system.

[0074] Certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device 1000, as seen in FIG. 2A-FIG. 2B and FIG. 8A-FIG. 8B, comprise at least one lighting element 1200 configured to shine in a forward direction, while certain embodiments comprise a plurality of lighting elements 1200. Further embodiments still comprise a singular lighting element configured to provide annular or semi-annular lighting.

[0075] Certain embodiments of the present invention, such as shown in FIG. 3A, comprise a weapon mountable illumination device having a first channel 2000 in an internal perimeter 2100 of the cuff form 1100. The channel 2000 has an angular offset of 180-degrees from the gap 1130 of the cuff form 1100. The channel 2000 is configured to allow the slidable interconnection and removal of the weapon mountable illumination device 1000 to and from a firearm 9000 (FIG. 1AFIG. 1B).

[0076] In certain embodiments, again referencing FIG. 3A, the cuff form 1100 further comprises a set screw 2200 extending from an external perimeter 2110 of the cuff form through the internal perimeter of the cuff form. The set screw 2200 is configured to extend radially inward from the internal perimeter 2100 of the cuff form and engage with the firearm, thereby affixing the weapon mountable illumination device to the firearm. Certain embodiments within the spirit and scope of the present invention comprise a plurality of set screws 2200. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the attachment of a weapon mountable illumination device is not limited to the use of set screws 2200. Embodiments comprising elements configured to be threadably advanced, slidably advanced, or through the use of spring-loaded elements such as ball detents to engage with a firearm, aspects of a rail interface system, or elements thereof are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will be further appreciated that the use of quick-disconnect elements such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,823,315 to Webber et al. (“Webber”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,857,097 to Rorick (“Rorick”), U.S. Pat. No. 8,336,247 to Haering (“Haering”), and U.S. Pat. No. 8,397,421 to Ding, et al. (Ding”)—each of which are incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes, are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0077] In certain embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3A-FIG. 3C, a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 comprises a channel 2000 configured to receive a rail interface system 9300. A rail interface system as disclosed herein refers to MIL-STD-1913, STANAG 4694 specifications, as well as any rail interface system known to those skilled in the art.

[0078] In certain embodiments, shown in FIG. 3A-FIG. 3C, a weapon mountable illumination device comprises a channel 2000 having undercut sidewalls 2010. It will be appreciated that undercut, as used herein refers to a manufacturing “undercut” resulting in a recessed surface that is inaccessible using a straight tool. In certain embodiments, a channel having undercut sidewalls 2010 is characterized by having an opening 2020 of a first width 2030, and a second width 2040 located between the opening and the bottom 2050 of the channel, wherein the second width is greater than the first width.

[0079] Certain embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 3A, comprise a plurality of channels 2000 angularly offset from each other around the internal perimeter of the cuff form. Certain embodiments comprise three channels 2000 angularly offset around the internal perimeter 2100 of the cuff form at intervals of 90-degrees, 180-degrees, and 270-degrees offset from the gap of the cuff form. It will be appreciated that alternate embodiments of the plurality of channels comprising straight walls, walls without undercuts, undercut sidewalls, and embodiments wherein some channels comprise undercut sidewalls while others do not, are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0080] Certain embodiments of the present invention, such as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 9, comprise a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 having a plurality of lighting elements 1200 interconnected with a forward aspect 4000 of the cuff form wherein the lighting elements 1200 are configured to shine forward. In certain embodiments four lighting elements are equidistantly radially offset from a longitudinal axis 4100 of the pathway and are angularly offset from each other in 90-degree increments. In certain embodiments the longitudinal axis 4100 is centrally located.

[0081] Certain embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 9, comprise a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 further comprising a laser 4200 configured to emit a beam 4210 of light parallel to a longitudinal axis 4100 of a pathway of the cuff form. The laser as shown in FIG. 4 is useful in visual feedback of on-target aiming. In certain embodiments the beam 4210 is adjustable to allow for the correction of parallax error between the beam and the aimpoint of a firearm for a desired distance.

[0082] Certain embodiments of the present invention, shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 and FIG. 9, comprise a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 which further comprises a power source 5000, a lighting element switch 5010 for operating a lighting element 1200, and a laser switch 5020 for operating a laser 4200 (FIG. 4)—each with connection to a control unit 5100. The power source 5000 typically comprises a battery or plurality of batteries although alternate forms of power source are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0083] Certain embodiments of the present invention, shown in FIG. 5-FIG. 6 and FIG. 10, comprise a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 further comprising a modality switch 5030 having connection with the control unit 5100 wherein the modality switch 5030 allows an operator to select between operational modes of the lighting elements. The modality switch 5030 of certain embodiments comprise a push button wherein each press of the button advances the mode to the next mode in a sequence of selectable modes, while other embodiments comprise a rotary switch wherein each of a plurality of positions selects a particular mode associated with that position. In certain embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 8B, a second modality switch 5030 provides the ability to switch between settings such as a high and low light intensity mode.

[0084] Certain embodiments of the present invention, shown in FIG. 6-FIG. 7A, and FIG. 10FIG. 11A for example, comprises at least one battery compartment 6000 interconnected with the cuff form 1100. In certain embodiments, as shown, a first battery compartment 6000 extends rearward form the first end 1110 of the cuff form and a second battery compartment 6000 extends rearward from the second end 1120 of the cuff form. The battery compartment 6000 of certain embodiments is waterproof while alternate embodiments comprise a battery compartment which is water resistant when the battery compartment is closed.

[0085] Certain embodiments, shown in FIG. 6-FIG. 7D and FIG. 10-FIG. 11D for example, of the present invention comprise a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 having at least one gusset 6100 interconnected between a battery compartment 6000 and the cuff form 1100. Certain embodiments, as shown comprise a first gusset 6100 interconnected between a first battery compartment 6000 and the cuff form 1100, and a second gusset 6100 interconnected between a second battery compartment 6000 and the cuff form 1100. In certain embodiments the gussets 6100 are swept radially inward to provide a lower profile to reduce snagging. It will be appreciated that the gussets as disclosed provide at least one of the following: added rigidity, lower snagging risk, increased volume to address buoyancy, added surface area for an operator to place their hand.

[0086] In certain embodiments, seen in FIG. 7C-7D for instance, a first gusset 6100 comprises a first lighting element switch 5010 and a first laser switch 5020, and a second gusset 6100 comprises a second lighting element switch 5010 switch and a second laser switch 5020, wherein the lighting element switches 5010 switches have identical functionality to each other, and the second lighting element switches 5020 have identical functionality to each other—thus providing ambidextrous operation of the weapon mountable illumination device. Similarly, embodiments shown in FIG. 11C-FIG. 11D comprise similar functionality surrounding a first lighting switch 5010 and a second lighting element switch 5010.

[0087] In certain embodiments of the present invention, such as shown in FIG. 10-FIG. 11B, a weapon mounted illumination device 1000 further comprises a finger hold 7000 interconnected with a surface of the weapon mounted illumination device wherein the finger hold 7000 extends radially away from an external aspect of the weapon mounted illumination device. As shown, the finger hold 7000 extends radially outward from the bottom aspect 1115 of the cuff form, but is not limited in location thereto. The finger hold 7000 provides a point of engagement wherein an operator is able to engage with a finger to further stabilize the forward aspect 9100 (FIG. 1) of the firearm. In certain embodiments, a recess 7100 is located adjacent to the finger hold in a forward direction from the finger hold 7000 to further enable the operator's engagement with weapon mounted illumination device and increase the ease of engaging a finger hold in a consistent and repeated manner. In certain embodiments, the recess 7100 comprises a concave curvature which is configured for receiving at least one finger of an operator.

[0088] In certain embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11CFIG. 12B, a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 is configured to interconnect with a weapon or weapon accessory having an elongated slot. In certain embodiments, the weapon mountable lighting device 1000 comprises an oblong fastener 7500 having a central axis 7520, wherein the oblong fastener 7500 comprises an offset 7530 radially inward from an internal surface 2100 of the weapon mountable illumination device. The oblong fastener 7500 is configured to be inserted through an elongated slot and then rotated about the central axis 7520 of the oblong fastener resulting in the oblong fastener 7500 interconnecting the weapon mountable illumination device 1000 to the weapon or weapon accessory. A keyed connector 7510 is interconnected with the oblong fastener wherein the keyed connector faces radially outward from an external surface of the weapon mountable illumination device. It will be appreciated that the keyed connector 7510 of certain embodiments comprises a standardized fastener such as a hex-head, torx-head or flat-head connection, however it will be further appreciated that any keyed connection is within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The oblong fasteners 7500 are typically interconnected to an internal perimeter 2100 of the weapon mountable illumination device and extend radially inward, and are preferably mounted to the internal perimeter 2100 directly opposite or 180-degrees opposed from the gap 1130. Certain embodiments of the present invention comprises a first oblong fastener 7500 and a second oblong fastener 7500 configured to be inserted through at least one elongated slot of a weapon or weapon accessory wherein the rotation of the oblong fastener 7500 results in changing from an unlocked configuration 7600 to a locked configuration 7650 and the interconnection of the weapon mountable illumination device to the weapon or weapon accessory.

[0089] In certain embodiments of the present invention, shown in FIG. 13A-FIG. 14G, a weapon mountable illumination device 1000 comprises a first lighting element 1200 and a second lighting element 1200 interconnected by a web 7700 therebetween which constrains the configuration of the first lighting element 1200 in relation to the second lighting element 1200. The first side 7710 of the web is configured to interconnect the weapon mountable illumination device 1000 to a forward aspect of a firearm 9000 by interconnecting with a rail interface system 9300. The web 7700 as shown, allows for the interconnection of the device to a top aspect, side aspect, or bottom aspect of a rail interface system 9300. In certain embodiments weapon mountable illumination device is configured to interconnect with a pistol, while in alternate embodiments are configured to interconnect with a long gun. The lighting elements 1200 include a battery compartment 6000 which extend longitudinally rearward from the lighting elements 1200. While embodiments shown herein describe a battery compartment 6000 extending rearward to provide a housing for batteries stored therein, alternate embodiments wherein the battery compartment 6000 is used for alternate purposes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0090] Certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device 1000, for example as shown in FIG. 13A-FIG. 13G, comprise a first lighting element 1200 and second lighting element 1200 interconnected by a web 7700. The weapon mountable lighting device is configured to interconnect with weapon accessory systems such as KeyMod® and M-Lok® systems which comprise an elongated slot for interconnection with. The weapon mountable lighting device 1000 comprises an oblong fastener 7500 configured for interconnection with the oblong slot as discussed in relation to embodiments (shown in FIG. 9-FIG. 12B) wherein the oblong fastener 7500 extends from the first side 7710 of the web, and the keyed connector is accessed from the second side 7720 of the web.

[0091] In certain embodiments, as shown in FIG. 13C-13D for instance, the weapon mountable illumination device 1000 comprises at least a first actuation switch 7900 on a rearward aspect 1020 of the of the illumination device. The first actuation switch 7900 in certain embodiments is a push-button activated switch wherein each depression of the switch activates the lighting elements 1200. In certain embodiments the actuation switch is mounted to the rearward aspect 6020 of the battery compartment. In certain embodiments the weapon mountable illumination device comprises a first modality switch 7910 mounted on a lateral aspect 7920 of the illumination device wherein the first modality switch 7910 allows the toggling through functionality of the lighting element 1200 such as high intensity, low intensity, momentary-on wherein the lighting element 1200 is on only when the actuation switch 7900 is depressed, strobe function, or other lighting element functions as desired. In certain embodiments the illumination device 1000 comprises two actuation switches 7900 mounted to the rearward aspect 1020 and two modality switches 7910 mounted to each lateral aspect 7920. While embodiments shown herein comprise a first lighting element switch 7900 and second lighting element switch 7910, embodiments which comprise either a first lighting element switch 7900 or a second lighting element switch 7910 are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, while the function of the first lighting element switch 7900 is described herein as activating the lighting elements 1200, alternate embodiments wherein the first lighting element switch 7900 toggles the modality of the lighting element 1200 are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Further still, while the function of the second lighting element switch 7910 is described herein as toggling the modality of the function of the lighting elements 1200, alternate embodiments wherein the second lighting element switch 7910 activates the lighting elements 1200 are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0092] Certain embodiments of a weapon mountable illumination device 1000, for example as shown in FIG. 14A-FIG. 14G, comprise a first lighting element 1200 and a second lighting element 1200 interconnected by a web 7700. The device 1000 is configured to interconnect with a t-shaped rail such as a Picatinny Rail or similarly configured rail interface system 9300 such as discussed in embodiments such as discussed surrounding embodiments shown in FIG. 1AFIG. 4. The web 7700 comprises a channel 2000 on a first side 7710 of the web wherein the channel 2000 extends from a forward aspect 2010 of the web to a rearward aspect 2020 of the web. The channel 2000 is configured to allow the slidable interconnection and removal of the weapon mountable illumination device 1000 to and from a rail interface system 9300 (FIG. 1A). It will be appreciated the embodiments as shown can be mounted to the top, bottom, or sides of a rail interface system 9300. In certain embodiments a through-hole 7750 extends through the second side 7720 of the web from a first lateral aspect 7721 of the second side of the web to a second lateral aspect 7722 of the second side of the web. The through-hole 7750 is transverse to the direction 1210 of the lighting element. The through-hole 7750 comprises a medial portion 7750 which is open to the channel 2000. The through-hole 7750 is configured to receive a pin 7800, such that a portion of the pin 7800 extends into the channel 2000. The pin 7800 is configured to slide within slots 9350 of the rail interface system when inserted within the through-hole 7750, wherein a medial portion 7805 of the pin engages with a slot 9350. Thus, when the weapon mountable lighting device is affixed to a rail interface system 9300, and the pin 7800 is inserted through the through-hole 7750 to engage with a slot 9350 (FIG. 1A), the weapon mountable lighting device is in a locked configuration with the rail interface system 9300. In order to slidably remove the weapon mountable lighting device 1000 from the rail interface system 9300, the pin 7800 must first be removed from the through-hole 7750.

[0093] In certain embodiments, as shown in FIG. 13A-FIG. 13F the lighting elements 1200 are aligned with the web 7700. However, in alternate embodiments such as shown in FIG. 14AFIG. 14I, it may be desired to angle the lighting elements 1200 offset at an angle 7730 from the web 7700 so as to provide closer proximity of the lighting elements 1200 to the firearm and reduce the chances of snagging. In certain embodiments it may be desired that the angle 7730 is between 15-degrees and 20-degrees. However, embodiments having an angle 7730 between 0-degrees and 45-degrees are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Alternate embodiments wherein the lighting elements are angled away from the firearm are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. In certain embodiments the lateral extension 7731 of the lighting elements 1200 from centerline 7733 are greater than the thickness 7732 of the web 7700. In certain embodiments the diameter 1201 of the lighting element is greater than the thickness 7733 of the web.

[0094] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and alterations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. However, it is to be expressly understood that such modifications and alterations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention. Further, the inventions described herein are capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. In addition, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purposes of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “adding” and variations thereof herein are meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof, as well as, additional items.