Internal combustion engine

Abstract

An internal combustion engine includes: a cylinder block including multiple cylinders; a cylinder head; and a turbocharger including an inlet port connected to an exhaust outlet of the cylinder head. The inlet port includes a first wall portion located between one cylinder out of the two outermost cylinders and the central axis of the inlet port in the cylinder array direction, and a second wall portion located on the opposite side of the central axis of the inlet port from the first wall portion. The first wall portion includes a thick-walled portion that is greater in thickness than the second wall portion, and a thin-walled portion that is smaller in thickness than the thick-walled portion and is located upstream of the thick-walled portion in the direction of exhaust gas flow.

Claims

1. An internal combustion engine comprising: a cylinder block including a plurality of cylinders each defining a combustion chamber and arranged in a cylinder array direction; a cylinder head including an in-head manifold and an in-head coolant passage, the in-head manifold connecting to each of the combustion chambers of the plurality of cylinders, the in-head manifold configured to collect exhaust gases from the combustion chambers, and the in-head manifold connecting to an exhaust outlet of the cylinder head, a central axis of the exhaust outlet being located, in the cylinder array direction, closer to one cylinder of two outermost cylinders of the plurality of cylinders than a center of a straight line connecting central axes of the two outermost cylinders of the plurality of cylinders to each other, and the cylinder array direction being a direction of extension of a straight line that passes through central axes of each cylinder of the plurality of cylinders on a plane orthogonal to the central axes of the cylinders; and a turbocharger including an inlet port, the inlet port connecting to the exhaust outlet of the cylinder head, the inlet port including a first wall portion and a second wall portion, the first wall portion being located between the one cylinder of the two outermost cylinders of the plurality of cylinders and a central axis of the inlet port in the cylinder array direction, the second wall portion being located on an opposite side of the central axis of the inlet port from the first wall portion, the first wall portion including a thick-walled portion and a thin-walled portion, the thick-walled portion being greater in wall thickness than the second wall portion, the thin-walled portion being smaller in wall thickness than the thick-walled portion, and the thin-walled portion being located upstream of the thick-walled portion in a direction of exhaust gas flow.

2. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein: the inlet port includes a flange; the inlet port is connected at the flange to the cylinder head; and the thin-walled portion is located adjacent to the flange, at a position downstream of the flange in the direction of exhaust gas flow.

3. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a wall portion of the inlet port located between the thin-walled portion and the thick-walled portion is gradually increased in wall thickness from the thin-walled portion to the thick-walled portion until a wall thickness of the wall portion becomes equal to a wall thickness of the thick-walled portion.

4. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a wall thickness of the inlet port is greatest at the thick-walled portion in a cross-section of the inlet port, the cross-section being orthogonal to the central axis of the inlet port.

5. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a wall thickness of the inlet port is smallest at the thin-walled portion in a cross-section of the inlet port, the cross-section being orthogonal to the central axis of the inlet port.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals denote like elements, and wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the configuration around a turbocharger that is assembled to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of the cylinder head and an inlet port according to the embodiment;

(4) FIG. 3 is a sectional view illustrating the cross-section structure of the inlet port taken along the line in FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 4 is a sectional view illustrating the cross-section structure of the inlet port taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2;

(6) FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating exhaust gas flows in an in-head manifold and the inlet port according to the embodiment; and

(7) FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an inlet port of an internal combustion engine according to a modified example of the embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(8) Hereinafter, an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5. The internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment includes a turbocharger. As illustrated in FIG. 1, in the internal combustion engine, a cylinder head 20 is assembled to a cylinder block 10, and an inlet port 31 of a turbine housing 30 of the turbocharger is connected to the cylinder head 20. Thus, exhaust gases discharged from a plurality of cylinders of the cylinder block 10 is introduced through the inlet port 31 into the turbine housing 30. A catalytic converter 40 is disposed downstream of the turbine housing 30 in the direction of exhaust gas flow, and is connected to the turbine housing 30. In the internal combustion engine, a stay 50 is disposed between the turbine housing 30 and the cylinder head 20, and the stay 50 assists supporting of the turbine housing 30.

(9) As illustrated in FIG. 2, the internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment is an in-line four-cylinder internal combustion engine, and the cylinder block 10 includes cylinders #1, #2, #3, #4. The cylinder head 20 includes an in-head manifold 22 that is connected to combustion chambers of the cylinders #1, #2, #3, #4 to collect exhaust gases from the cylinders #1, #2, #3, #4. The in-head manifold 22 includes branch pipes 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d extending respectively from the cylinders #1, #2, #3, #4, and a collector 22e that collects the exhaust gases passed through the branch pipes 22a to 22d. An exhaust outlet 22f, through which the collected exhaust gas is discharged, is opened on a side surface of the cylinder head 20.

(10) An inlet port 31 of the turbine housing 30 is connected to a portion of the side surface of the cylinder head 20, where the exhaust outlet 22f is open. Thus, the exhaust gas discharged from the cylinder head 20 through the in-head manifold 22 is introduced into the turbocharger through the inlet port 31.

(11) An in-head coolant passage 21, through which coolant is circulated in the cylinder head 20, is provided around the in-head manifold 22 of the cylinder head 20. Next, the in-head manifold 22 will be described in detail.

(12) As illustrated in FIG. 2, the direction of extension of a straight line L1 that passes through central axes C1, C2, C3, C4 of the cylinders #1, #2, #3, #4 on a plane orthogonal to the central axes C1, C2, C3, C4 will be referred to as a cylinder array direction. Further, a straight line that passes through the midpoint between the central axis C1 and the central axis C4 and that is orthogonal to the straight line L1 will be referred to as a straight line L2.

(13) The exhaust outlet 22f of the in-head manifold 22 is provided at such a position that the central axis of the exhaust outlet 22f is located between the cylinder #1 and the straight line L2 in the cylinder array direction (i.e., the distance between the central axis of the exhaust outlet 22f and the cylinder #1 is shorter than the distance between the straight line L2 and the cylinder #1 in the cylinder array direction), so that the exhaust outlet 22f is closer to the cylinder #1 than to the cylinder #4. The cylinders #1, #4 are outermost cylinders in the cylinder array direction. Because the exhaust outlet 22f is provided at such a position that the central axis of the exhaust outlet 22f is located between the cylinder #1 and the straight line L2 in the cylinder array direction, the branch pipes 22a to 22d extending respectively from the cylinders #1 to #4 to the collector 22e vary in tilt angle from each other. More specifically, the branch pipe 22d extending from the cylinder #4, which is the cylinder farthest from the exhaust outlet 22f, is tilted such that the entry angle of the exhaust gas that enters the inlet port 31 from the branch pipe 22d is the largest entry angle of all the entry angles of the exhaust gases that enter the inlet port 31 from the branch pipes 22a to 22d.

(14) Next, the inlet port 31 will be described in detail. As described above, the inlet port 31 is connected to the cylinder head 20 at a flange 32, which is provided at the distal end of the inlet port 31, so as to be communicated with the exhaust outlet 22f. Thus, the inlet port 31 is provided on the cylinder #1 side in the cylinder array direction. As illustrated in FIG. 2, a central axis L3 of the inlet port 31 is located between the cylinder #1 and the straight line L2 in the cylinder array direction (i.e., the distance between the central axis L3 of the inlet port 31 and the cylinder #1 is shorter than the distance between the straight line L2 and the cylinder #1 in the cylinder array direction).

(15) A first wall portion 33 of the inlet port 31 includes a thick-walled portion 33a. The first wall portion 33 is located between the cylinder #1 and the central axis L3 in the cylinder array direction (i.e., the distance between the first wall portion 33 and the cylinder #1 is shorter than the distance between the central axis L3 and the cylinder #1 in the cylinder array direction). As illustrated in FIG. 3, a wall thickness O of the thick-walled portion 33a is greater than a wall thickness P of a second wall portion 34 that is located on the opposite side of the central axis L3 from the first wall portion 33.

(16) As illustrated in FIG. 2, a thin-walled portion 33b, which is thinner than the thick-walled portion 33a, is provided in a portion of the first wall portion 33, which is located upstream of the thick-walled portion 33a in the direction of exhaust gas flow. The thin-walled portion 33b is provided adjacent to the flange 32.

(17) In a cross-section illustrated in FIG. 4, the wall thickness of the inlet port 31 is substantially uniform along the entire circumference. As illustrated in FIG. 4, a wall thickness Q of the thin-walled portion 33b is substantially equal to the wall thickness P of the second wall portion 34.

(18) That is, the pipe wall thickness of the inlet port 31 is greatest at the thick-walled portion 33a. As illustrated in FIG. 2, a wall portion of the first wall portion 33, which is located between the thin-walled portion 33b and the thick-walled portion 33a, is gradually increased in thickness from the thin-walled portion 33b to the thick-walled portion 33a until the thickness of the wall portion becomes equal to the wall thickness of the thick-walled portion 33a.

(19) Next, the operation of the internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5. The exhaust gases discharged from the combustion chambers of the cylinders #1 to #4 pass through the branch pipes 22a to 22d extending respectively from the cylinders #1 to #4 to be collected in the collector 22e. Then, the collected exhaust gas passes through the exhaust outlet 22f, flows into the inlet port 31, and is then introduced into the turbine housing 30.

(20) The entry angles of the exhaust gases that enter the inlet port 31 from the branch pipes 22a to 22d tend to be set such that the entry angle of the exhaust gas, which enters the inlet port 31 from a branch pipe extending from a cylinder that is farther from the exhaust outlet 22f in the cylinder array direction, is larger. In the present embodiment, because the cylinder #4 is farthest from the exhaust outlet 22f, an angle ?1 between a central axis L4 of the branch pipe 22d extending from the cylinder #4 and the central axis L3 of the inlet port 31 is larger than an angle ?2 between a central axis L5 of the branch pipe 22a and the central axis L3 of the inlet port 31.

(21) That is, the entry angle of the exhaust gas that enters the collector 22e from the branch pipe 22d extending from the cylinder #4 is larger than any of the entry angles of the exhaust gases that enter the collector 22e from the other branch pipes 22a to 22c. Thus, the exhaust gas introduced into the inlet port 31 from the branch pipe 22d impinges on the wall of the inlet port 31 at an angle that is closer to the right angle than the angles at which the exhaust gases introduced into the inlet port 31 from the other branch pipes 22a to 22c impinge on the wall of the inlet port 31. As the angle at which the exhaust gas impinges on the wall is closer to the right angle, the temperature of the wall on which the exhaust gas impinges is likely to be higher.

(22) In this respect, in the internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment, the first wall portion 33 of the inlet port 31 is reinforced by providing the thick-walled portion 33a at the first wall portion 33 on which the exhaust gas flowing into the inlet port 31 from the branch pipe 22d impinges. This reinforcement enhances the rigidity of the inlet port 31 at the thick-walled portion 33a.

(23) The position of the thick-walled portion 33a in the direction of extension of the central axis L3 is set at a position at which the temperature of the wall is likely to be highest on the basis of the result of simulation conducted in advance. When the inlet port 31 is reinforced by increasing the thickness of the wall thereof, it is possible to reduce strain in the inlet port 31 itself due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31. As a result, however, the influence of elongation of the inlet port 31 due to the thermal expansion is easily exerted on a peripheral member connected to the turbine housing 30, such as the catalytic converter 40, resulting in larger strain in the peripheral member.

(24) Further, in the internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment, supporting of the turbine housing 30 onto the cylinder head 20 is assisted by the stay 50. That is, the turbine housing 30 is secured to the cylinder head 20. This reduces changes in positions of the turbine housing 30 and the catalytic converter 40 or the like, which is disposed downstream of the turbine housing 30 in the direction of exhaust gas flow, due to stress generated by the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31. However, due to the interaction between the force, with which the stay 50 supports the turbine housing 30 onto the cylinder head 20, and the stress generated by the thermal expansion, strain exerted on the peripheral member near the turbine housing 30 becomes larger.

(25) In order to avoid such a situation, in the internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment, the thin-walled portion 33b is provided in the inlet port 31, at a position upstream of the thick-walled portion 33a in the direction of exhaust gas flow. Because the rigidity of the thin-walled portion 33b is lower than that of the thick-walled portion 33a, the stress generated by the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31 is concentrated on the thin-walled portion 33b. Thus, the strain due to the stress is concentrated on the thin-walled portion 33b, so that the strain due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31 is absorbed within the inlet port 31. That is, it is possible to reduce the generation of strain due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 30, in the catalytic converter 40 or the like disposed downstream of the turbine housing 30 in the direction of exhaust gas flow and connected to the turbine housing 30.

(26) The embodiment described above produces the following effects (1) to (6). (1) The thick-walled portion 33a is provided in the first wall portion 33 of the inlet port 31, which is located on the opposite side of the central axis L3 of the inlet port 31 from the cylinder #4 that is farther from the exhaust outlet 22f in the cylinder array direction. Thus, the portion that is likely to be heated to a particularly high temperature is reinforced.

(27) (2) The thin-walled portion 33b that is thinner than the thick-walled portion 33a is provided in the first wall portion 33, at a position upstream of the thick-walled portion 33a in the direction of exhaust gas flow. Thus, the stress due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31 is concentrated on the thin-walled portion 33b having a lower rigidity. That is, the strain due to the stress is concentrated on the thin-walled portion 33b, so that the strain due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31 is absorbed within the inlet port 31. That is, it is possible to reduce the generation of strain due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 30, in the peripheral member connected to the turbine housing 30.

(28) (3) The cylinder head 20 is cooled by the coolant circulating through the in-head coolant passage 21. Thus, the thin-walled portion 33b, which is provided upstream of the thick-walled portion 33a in the direction of exhaust gas flow, namely, provided near the cylinder head 20, is less likely to be heated than the thick-walled portion 33a. Therefore, the strength of the thin-walled portion 33b is less likely to be decreased despite the small pipe wall thickness of the thin-walled portion 33b.

(29) That is, in synergy with the above-described effects (1), (2), the portion, which is likely to be heated to a high temperature and is thus likely to decrease in strength, is formed of the thick-walled portion 33a to be reinforced, while the portion, which is less likely to be heated to a high temperature and is thus less likely to decrease in strength, is formed of the thin-walled portion 33b so that the strain due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31 is concentrated on the thin-walled portion 33b to be absorbed. Thus, it is possible to achieve both ensuring of sufficient strength of the inlet port 11 of the turbine housing 30, which is heated to a high temperature by exhaust gas, and protection of the peripheral member connected to the turbine housing 30.

(30) (4) In the present embodiment, the thin-walled portion 33b is provided adjacent to the flange 32, and thus the thin-walled portion 33b is disposed near the cylinder head 20 that is cooled by the circulating coolant. As a result, an increase in the temperature of the thin-walled portion 33b is further inhibited and a decrease in the strength of the thin-walled portion 33b is inhibited.

(31) (5) If there is a steep change in the pipe wall thickness of the inlet port 31 between the thin-walled portion 33b and the thick-walled portion 33a, stress may be concentrated on a portion where the pipe wall thickness steeply changes. According to the present embodiment, the pipe wall thickness of the inlet port 31 gradually changes between the thin-walled portion 33b and the thick-walled portion 33a, stress is less likely to be concentrated on the portion between the thin-walled portion 33b and the thick-walled portion 33a.

(32) (6) In the inlet port 31, the pipe wall thickness of the thick-walled portion 33a is greater than that of the other portion, and thus an excessive increase in rigidity of the inlet port 31 is avoided. Thus, it is possible to effectively inhibit the stress due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31 from acting on the peripheral member connected to the turbine housing 30.

(33) The above-described embodiment may be modified as follows. In the above-described embodiment, the stay 50 used to support the turbine housing 30 onto the cylinder head 20 is provided. However, even if the stay 50 is not provided, the turbine housing 30 is secured by the cylinder head 20 and the catalytic converter 40. Therefore, regardless of whether or not the stay 50 is provided, there is a possibility that strain due to the thermal expansion of the inlet port 31 will exert influence on the peripheral member connected to the turbine housing 30. That is, the same inconvenience may occur even in an internal combustion engine provided with no stay 50. It is possible to produce the same effects as described above by adopting the configuration according to the above-described embodiment.

(34) In the above-described embodiment, the second wall portion 34 has a constant wall thickness. However, the wall thickness of the second wall portion 34 need not be constant. However, forming the second wall portion 34 to be thinner than the thin-walled portion 33b of the first wall portion 33 should be avoided.

(35) In the above-described embodiment, the wall thickness Q of the thin-walled portion 33b is substantially equal to the wall thickness P of the second wall portion 34. However, the wall thickness of the thin-walled portion 33b need not be substantially equal to the wall thickness of the second wall portion 34. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the thin-walled portion 33b having a wall thickness smaller than the second wall portion 34 may be provided by setting a wall thickness R of the thin-walled portion 33b to be smaller than the wall thickness P of the second wall portion 34. When such a configuration is applied to the above-described embodiment, the pipe wall thickness of the inlet port 31 is smallest at the thin-walled portion 33b. That is, stress due to the thermal expansion is more likely to be concentrated on the thin-walled portion 33b. As a result, strain in the inlet port 31 is more likely to be concentrated on the thin-walled portion 33b, and strain is further less likely to be generated in the portions of the inlet port 31 other than the thin-walled portion 33b. Consequently, it is possible to inhibit deformation of the portion that is likely to be heated to a high temperature and is thus likely to decrease in strength.

(36) In the above description, the configuration according to the above-described embodiment is applied to the in-line four-cylinder internal combustion engine. However, internal combustion engines to which the configuration according to the above-described embodiment is applicable are not limited to an in-line four-cylinder internal combustion engine. When the exhaust outlet 22f of the in-head manifold 22 is provided at such a position that the exhaust outlet 22f is closer to one of the two outermost cylinders than to the other one of the two outermost cylinders in the cylinder array direction, it is possible to produce the same effects as those in the above-described embodiment.

(37) In the above-described embodiment, the exhaust outlet 22f is provided such that the central axis of the exhaust outlet 22f is located between the cylinder #1 and the straight line L2 in the cylinder array direction. However, the exhaust outlet 22f may be provided such that the central axis of the exhaust outlet 22f is between the cylinder #4 and the straight line L2 in the cylinder array direction. In this case, the entry angle of the exhaust gas flowing into the inlet port 31 from the branch pipe 22a extending from the cylinder #1 is the largest entry angle of all the entry angles of the exhaust gases that enter the inlet port 31 from the branch pipes 22a to 22d. That is, when such a configuration is applied to the above-described embodiment, the same effects as those in the above-described embodiment are produced by providing the thin-walled portion 33b and the thick-walled portion 33a in the second wall portion 34 of the inlet port 31, which is located between the cylinder #4 and the central axis L3.

(38) The configuration according to the above-described embodiment may be applied to an internal combustion engine provided with a twin scroll turbocharger. In this case, the inlet port is provided with two separate exhaust passages. The same effects as those in the above-described embodiment are produced by providing a thick-walled portion and a thin-walled portion in a wall portion located on the side on which the exhaust outlet 22f of the in-head manifold 22 is offset with respect to the straight line L2.