Apparatus employing pressure transients for transporting fluids

Abstract

An apparatus employing pressure transients for transporting fluids from a first reservoir to a second reservoir, includes at least one partly enclosed space and a body. The body is movable relative to the interior of the space. The apparatus also includes at least one first conduit and at least one second conduit in fluid communication with the opening via a third conduit, and connected to the first and second reservoir, respectively. An opening in the enclosed space allows a fluid to flow alternately in the direction into and out of the space and which opening is connected to a third conduit. At least one solid object is arranged to fall onto and collide with the body so as to generate pressure transients in the space to produce a flow of fluid in the direction from the space towards the second reservoir, and to produce a flow of fluid in the direction from the first reservoir towards the space.

Claims

1. An apparatus for transporting fluids from a first reservoir to a second reservoir, the apparatus comprising: at least one partly enclosed space; at least one body placed in said at least one partly enclosed space, where said at least one body is movable relatively to the interior of said at least one partly enclosed space; an opening in said at least one enclosed space which allows a fluid to flow alternately in the direction into and out of said at least one partly enclosed space and which opening is connected to a third conduit; and at least one first conduit and at least one second conduit in fluid communication with the opening via the third conduit, and connected to the first and second reservoir, respectively; wherein at least one solid object is arranged to fall onto and collide with said at least one body so as to generate pressure transients in at least one of said at least one partly enclosed space in order to produce a flow of fluid in the direction from said at least one partly enclosed space towards said second reservoir, and to produce a flow of fluid in the direction from said first reservoir towards said at least one partly enclosed space.

2. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 1, where the apparatus further comprises at least one first mechanical unit and at least one second mechanical unit in said at least one first conduit and in said at least one second conduit, respectively, where: said at least one first mechanical unit only allows flow in said at least one first conduit in the direction from said first reservoir and towards said at least one partly enclosed space; and said at least one second mechanical unit only allows flow in said at least one second conduit in the direction from said at least one partly enclosed space and towards said second reservoir.

3. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus is placed relative to said first reservoir with a resulting hydrostatic head between said first reservoir and at least one of said at least one partly enclosed space such as to produce a flow of fluid in the direction from said first reservoir through said at least one first mechanical unit and towards said at least one partly enclosed space.

4. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 2 wherein at least one liquid and gas filled chamber is provided, wherein the third conduit is connected to the liquid filled parts of the at least one chamber, and said third conduit is in fluid communication with said at least one partly enclosed space through said at least one second mechanical unit, and said at least one third conduit is in fluid communication with said at least one second reservoir.

5. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 4, wherein at least one membrane within at least one of said at least one chamber separates said liquid and said gas.

6. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 4, wherein at least one of said at least one first reservoirs, at least one said second reservoirs or at least one said chambers is a pressure tank.

7. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 2, wherein said at least one first mechanical unit and at least one second mechanical units correspond to at least one of the following valves; one-way valves, check valves, restrictor check valves, throttle check valves, restrictor one-way valves, throttle one-way valves, and check valves.

8. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 1, wherein a flow of fluid into said at least one partly enclosed space is assured by arranging at least one of said at least one first reservoir with a hydrostatic head between at least one of said at least one partly enclosed space and at least one of said at least one first reservoir so that said flow of fluid comes from at least one of said at least one first reservoirs, the flow thereby acting to prevent cavitations occurring in said at least one partly enclosed space.

9. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said at least one partly enclosed space is a hydraulic cylinder and that at least one of said at least one body is a piston.

10. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus constitute at least one energy converting system where at least one of said at least one second reservoir is a hydropower reservoir so that the potential energy of the fluid in at least one of said at least one second reservoir can be converted into electric energy by employing at least one hydropower turbine.

11. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 10, wherein said apparatus operates as an energy converting system wherein at least one of said at least one object is connected to at least one wave motion capturing system.

12. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 11, wherein said apparatus operates as an apparatus for capturing the energy in the wave motions, wherein said at least one wave motion capturing system comprises at least one floating buoy which can be set in motion by waves, and where the motion of said at least one floating buoy induces movement of said at least one object, prior to the collision with at least one of said at least one body.

13. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 12, wherein said at least one floating buoy is connected to at least one cord running through at least two pulleys, and where at least one pulley is anchored to at least one sinker and at least one pulley is linked to a fixed construction.

14. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 11, wherein said apparatus operates as an apparatus for capturing the energy in the wave motions, wherein said at least one wave motion capturing system comprises at least one wall which can be set in motion by waves, and where the motion of said at least one wall induces movement of the said at least one object, prior to collision with at least one of said at least one body.

15. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 14, wherein said at least one wall is connected to at least one cord running through at least one pulley that is linked to a fixed construction, and where said at least one wall is anchored to at least one sinker with at least one joint.

16. The apparatus for transporting fluids according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus constitutes at least one heat exchange system.

17. A method for transporting a fluid from a first reservoir to a second reservoir, comprising connecting the reservoirs to a first and a second conduit, respectively, the conduits being in fluid communication via a third conduit with an opening in an at least partly enclosed space, the method comprising making at least one solid object fall onto and collide with at least one body placed in said at least one partly enclosed space movable relatively to the interior of said at least one partly enclosed space, thereby generating pressure transients in at least one of said at least one partly enclosed space producing a flow of fluid in the direction from said at least one partly enclosed space towards said second reservoir, and producing a flow of fluid in the direction from said first reservoir towards said at least one partly enclosed space.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates a Prior Art Ram pump where a flow of fluid is sent through a Drive pipe, and a Waste valve is employed to generate a pressure transient within a Valve box.

(2) FIG. 2 shows one possible embodiment of the inventive apparatus employing, in addition to reservoirs, conduits and check valves, a hydraulic cylinder, an object and a piston to produce sufficient pressure transients to transfer fluid from one reservoir to another.

(3) FIG. 3 outlines another embodiment of the inventive apparatus where the hydraulic cylinder has only one common opening.

(4) FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the inventive apparatus where there is only one reservoir and both first and second conduits are connected to said reservoir.

(5) FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the inventive apparatus where the two fluid transport applications are performed with only one hydraulic cylinder.

(6) FIG. 6 outlines another embodiment of the inventive apparatus where two hydraulic cylinders are employed to perform a fluid transport application.

(7) FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of the inventive apparatus with an additional chamber mounted on the second conduit leading to the second reservoir.

(8) FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a Prior Art piston pump.

(9) FIG. 9 outlines an embodiment of a Prior Art piston pump.

(10) FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a Prior Art displacement pump.

(11) FIG. 11 shows an application of the inventive apparatus in order to capture the energy in ocean wave motions applying a buoy that is floating in the ocean.

(12) FIG. 12 outlines an application of the inventive apparatus in order to capture the energy in ocean wave motions applying a wall that is partly submerged into the ocean.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(13) The invention will be disclosed with reference to the drawings wherein:

(14) FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of the inventive apparatus comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 201 with first and second openings 204,205, a piston 202, first and second pipe lines 211,212 that is connected to first and second openings 204,205 respectively, first and second reservoirs 231,232 connected to first and second pipe lines 211,212, first and second check valves 221,222 in first and second pipe lines 211,212 respectively, and an object 208 which can collide with piston 202. First check valve 221 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from first reservoir 231 and towards hydraulic cylinder 201, while second check valve 222 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from hydraulic cylinder 201 and towards second reservoir 232.

(15) The total head, i.e. the sum of the hydrostatic head and the friction head, between second reservoir 232 and hydraulic cylinder 201 is larger than the total head, i.e. the hydrostatic head plus the friction head, between first reservoir 231 and hydraulic cylinder 201. Notice that the hydrostatic head between first reservoir 231 and hydraulic cylinder 201 might be larger than the hydrostatic head between second reservoir 232 and hydraulic cylinder 201 even if the difference in the total head is reversed. This would be the case when the friction head is largest between second reservoir 232 and hydraulic cylinder 201.

(16) Object 208 collides with the end of a piston 202, and the sudden movement of piston 202 caused by the collision generates positive pressure transients in hydraulic cylinder 201 which again generate a fluid flow in the direction from the hydraulic cylinder 201 through second check valve 222 and towards second reservoir 232. First and second check valves 221,222 ensure that the positive pressures transient only produce a flow in the above described direction due to their one-way directional properties.

(17) A fraction of the positive pressure transients is likely not to be converted into a fluid flow. Instead this fraction will interact with the solid surfaces within the apparatus, thereby transforming the fraction of positive pressure transients into negative pressure transients within hydraulic cylinder 201. The negative pressure transients generate a fluid flow in the direction from first reservoir 231 through first check valve 221 and towards hydraulic cylinder 201. First and second check valves 221,222 ensure that the negative pressure transients only produce a flow in the above described direction due to the one-way directional properties of valves 221,222. Notice that the hydrostatic head between first reservoir 231 and hydraulic cylinder 201 also contributes to the generation of the described fluid flow.

(18) FIG. 3 outlines a possible embodiment of the inventive apparatus comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 301 with one opening 304, a piston 302, first and second pipe lines 311,312 that are both connected to a third conduit 310, which again is connected to opening 304, first and second reservoirs 331,332 connected to first and second pipe lines 311,312 respectively, first and second check valves 321,322 arranged in first and second conduits 311,312, respectively, and an object 308 which can collide with piston 302. First check valve 321 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from first reservoir 331 and towards hydraulic cylinder 301, while second check valve 322 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from hydraulic cylinder 301 and towards second reservoir 332.

(19) In this embodiment the hydraulic cylinder has only one opening 304 which is connected to a third conduit 310. First and second conduits 311, 312 are connected at one of their ends to the third conduit 310 and at their opposite ends to first and second reservoirs 331,332, respectively. In the embodiment show in FIG. 3 and described herein only one opening 304 may be applied in hydraulic cylinder 301 since the positive and negative pressure transients do not appear at the same time in hydraulic cylinder 301, hence allowing the fluid to alternately flow into and out of hydraulic cylinder 301 through same opening 304. In addition, the pressure transients do not have the possibility to generate flow through two different openings as in FIG. 2 thus increasing the efficiency compared to the previously mentioned embodiment.

(20) FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the inventive apparatus comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 401 with one opening 404, a piston 402, first and second pipe lines 411,412 that are both connected to a third conduit 410, which again is connected to opening 404, first and second reservoirs 431,432 connected to first and second pipe lines 411,412 respectively, first and second check valves 421,422 arranged in first and second conduits 411,412, respectively, and an object 408 which can collide with piston 402. First check valve 421 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from first reservoir 431 and towards hydraulic cylinder 401, while second check valve 422 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from hydraulic cylinder 401 and towards second reservoir 432. Moreover, in this embodiment first reservoir 431 and second reservoir 432 are merged to constitute one common reservoir 430.

(21) This embodiment has only one common reservoir 430 in which both first and second conduits 411,412 are connected. Such embodiment is advantageous when applied as heat exchange systems such as heating or cooling systems. One example of the latter application is storage of hot or cold fluid in reservoir 430, using first and second conduits 411,412 as climate distributors to the surrounding environment.

(22) FIG. 5 shows a possible embodiment of the inventive apparatus comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 501 with one opening 504, a piston 502, one first and second pipe lines 511,512 that are connected to one third conduit 515, which again is connected to a fourth conduit 510, which again is connected to opening 504, one first and second reservoirs 531,532 connected to first and second pipe lines 511,512 respectively, one first and second check valves 521,522 in first and second pipe lines 511,512 respectively, one additional first and second pipe lines 513,514 that are connected to one additional third conduit 516, which again is connected to fourth conduit 510, one additional first and second reservoirs 533,534 connected to additional first and second pipe lines 513,514 respectively, one additional first and second check valves 523,524 in additional first and second pipe lines 513,514 respectively, and an object 508 which can collide with piston 502. Moreover, in this embodiment first reservoir 531 and second reservoir 532 are merged to constitute one common reservoir 530.

(23) One of said first check valves 521 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from first reservoir 531 and towards the hydraulic cylinder 501, while one of said second check valves 522 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from hydraulic cylinder 501 and towards second reservoir 532. Another of said additional first check valves 523 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from said additional first reservoir 533 and towards hydraulic cylinder 501, while said additional second check valves 524 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from hydraulic cylinder 501 and towards said additional second reservoir 534.

(24) The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is capable of fulfilling all the functionalities of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 applying only one hydraulic cylinder 501. Moreover, if check valves 521,522,523,524 are replaced with other type of valves such as restrictor check valves or throttle check valves the flow energy from hydraulic cylinder 501 to each of the fluid transport applications may be more precisely regulated.

(25) FIG. 6 outlines a possible embodiment of the inventive apparatus comprising a system with the following components; a first hydraulic cylinders 601 with one first opening 604, a second hydraulic cylinder 606 with one second opening 605, a first and second pistons 602,607, first and second pipe lines 611,612 both connected to a third conduit 610, which again is connected to a fourth conduit 613 and a fifth conduit 614, first and second reservoirs 631,632 connected to first and second pipe lines 611,612 respectively, first and second check valves 621,622 in first and second pipe lines 611,612 respectively, an object 608 which can collide with pistons 602,607, where fourth conduit 613 and fifth conduit 614 are connected to first and second openings 604,605 respectively. First check valve 611 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from first reservoir 631 and towards first and second hydraulic cylinders 601,606, while second check valve 632 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from first and second hydraulic cylinders 601,606 and towards second reservoir 632.

(26) This embodiment applies two hydraulic cylinders 601,606 to perform one fluid transport application. The inventive apparatus is hence not limited to only one hydraulic cylinder for each fluid transport application. Furthermore, one hydraulic cylinder is not limited to perform only one fluid transport application, as described above.

(27) FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of the inventive apparatus comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 701 with first and second openings 704,705, a piston 702, first and second pipe lines 711,712 that is connected to first and second openings 704,705 respectively, first and second reservoirs 731,732 connected to first and second pipe lines 711,711, first and second check valves 721,722 in first and second pipe lines 711,712 respectively, a chamber 740 connected to second conduit 712 between the second check valve 722 and the second reservoir 732 through a third conduit 713, and an object 708 which can collide with piston 702. First check valve 721 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from first reservoir 731 and towards hydraulic cylinder 701, while second check valve 722 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from hydraulic cylinder 701 and towards second reservoir 732 and/or chamber 740.

(28) Chamber 740 may be a pressure tank or a hydraulic accumulator, and thus a fraction of or all fluids flowing through second check valve 722 can flow into chamber 740. Chamber 740 is preferably filled with both liquid and gas and only the liquid filled part is connected to third conduit 713. The liquid and gas may be separated by a boundary such as a membrane as in the case of a hydraulic accumulator. Such embodiment decreases the resistance of the fluid flow in second conduit 712 since the gas in chamber 740 compresses during the inflow of the fluid from third conduit 713 and thus fluid can flow more easily into chamber 740 than into second reservoir 732. The gas starts to decompress when the fluid flow through second check valve 722 stops and the flow into chamber 740 halts. As a result of the gas decompression fluid begins to flow out of chamber 740 through third conduit 713, where one-way directional second check valve 722 ensures that the fluid flows from chamber 740 into second reservoir 732.

(29) The effect of such arrangement causes more fluid to be transferred to second reservoir 732 per collision. This again serves two purposes:

(30) 1. The efficiency of the inventive apparatus increases

(31) 2. The flow of fluid into second reservoir 732 becomes more continuous.

(32) The method of connecting a chamber 740 as illustrated in FIG. 7 and described above can also be employed in all the embodiments outlined in FIG. 2-6 and described above.

(33) FIG. 8 outlines a possible embodiment of a prior art piston pump comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 801 with one opening 804, a piston 802, first and second conduits 811,812 both connected to a third conduit 810, which again is connected to opening 804, first and second reservoirs 831,832 connected to first and second conduits 811,812 respectively and first and second check valves 821,822 in first and second conduits 811,812 respectively. Piston 802 is directly connected to a machinery device 803 that is capable of moving piston 802.

(34) The prior art piston pump shown in FIG. 8 has some resemblance with the possible embodiment of the inventive apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3. There are however some important differences. One obvious distinction is that piston 802 is directly connected to machinery device 803, in contrast to piston 302 in FIG. 3. Moreover, piston 802 is set in motion by machinery device 803, whereas piston 302 shown in FIG. 3 experiences a sudden movement when object 308 collides with the end of piston 302. In addition, check valves 821,822 must be close to hydraulic cylinder 801 whereas check valves 321,322 may be arranged far from hydraulic cylinder 301. Check valves 821,822 are thus often integrated in the piston pump and hence it becomes a fluid transport device with two openings, which is in contrast to the inventive apparatus shown in FIG. 3 where check valves 321,322 may be placed far from hydraulic cylinder 301 and hence constitute an apparatus for fluid transport with only one opening 304.

(35) FIG. 9 illustrates a possible embodiment of a prior art piston pump comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 901 with one opening 904, a piston 902, first and second conduits 911,912 both connected to a third conduit 910, which again is connected to opening 904, first and second reservoirs 931,932 connected to first and second conduits 911,912 respectively and first and second check valves 921,922 in first and second conduits 911,912 respectively. Piston 902 is directly connected to a chamber 903 where an expanding fluid is capable of moving piston 902.

(36) Piston 902 has one end that is inside hydraulic cylinder 901 and the other end is inside chamber 903. Piston 902 is moved by a fluid which can expand inside chamber 903 and thus move piston 902. The movement of piston 902 by the expanding fluid inside the chamber 903 shown in FIG. 9 and the mechanical movement of piston 802 by the machinery 803 outlined in FIG. 8 have one thing in common. The movements by piston 802 and 902 are not sufficiently sudden in order to generate pressure transients inside hydraulic cylinders 802 and 902 respectively. The reason for this is that the movements are not obtained by a collision process as described in the introductory part.

(37) FIG. 10 shows a possible embodiment of a prior art displacement pump comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 1001 with one opening 1004, a membrane 1002, first and second conduits 1011,1012 both connected to a third conduit 1010, which again is connected to opening 1004, first and second reservoirs 1031,1032 connected to first and second conduits 1011,1012 respectively and first and second check valves 1021,1022 in first and second conduits 1011,1012 respectively. Membrane 1002 constitutes a separation of hydraulic cylinder 1001 from a chamber 1003 where an expanding fluid is capable of moving membrane 1002.

(38) Membrane 1002 is moved by a fluid which can expand inside chamber 1003 and thus move membrane 1002. Movement by membrane 1001 is not able to generate pressure transients inside hydraulic cylinder 1002. The reason for this is that the movement is not obtained by a collision process as described in the introductory part.

(39) FIG. 11 outlines a possible embodiment of the inventive apparatus comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 1101 with one opening 1104, a piston 1102, first and second pipe lines 1111,1112 that are both connected to a third conduit 1110, which again is connected to opening 1104, first and second reservoirs 1131,1132 connected to first and second pipe lines 1111,1112 respectively, first and second check valves 1121,1122 arranged in first and second conduits 1111,1112, respectively, and an object 1108 which can collide with piston 1102. First check valve 1121 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from first reservoir 1131 and towards hydraulic cylinder 1101, while second check valve 1122 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from hydraulic cylinder 1101 and towards second reservoir 1132. Furthermore, object 1108 is connected to a floating buoy 1150 with a wire 1180 which is running through two pulleys 1170, 1171 where one pulley 1170 is anchored to a sinker 1160 and the other pulley 1171 is linked to a fixed construction 1190.

(40) Floating buoy 1150 is floating in the ocean and can be set in motion by the ocean waves, and thus producing a movement of object 1108. Hence, object 1108 gains a nonzero momentum before it collides with body 1102.

(41) FIG. 12 illustrates a possible embodiment of the inventive apparatus comprising a system with the following components; a hydraulic cylinder 1201 with one opening 1204, a piston 1202, first and second pipe lines 1211,1212 that are both connected to a third conduit 1210, which again is connected to opening 1204, first and second reservoirs 1231,1232 connected to first and second pipe lines 1211,1212 respectively, first and second check valves 1221,1222 arranged in first and second conduits 1211,1212, respectively, and an object 1208 which can collide with piston 1202. First check valve 1221 only allows the fluid to flow in the direction from first reservoir 1231 and towards hydraulic cylinder 1201, while second check valve 1222 only allows fluid to flow in the direction from hydraulic cylinder 1201 and towards second reservoir 1232. Furthermore, object 1208 is connected to a wall 1250 with a wire 1280 which is running through a pulley 1271 which is linked to a fixed construction 1290 and where wall 1250 is anchored to a sinker 1260 with a joint 1270.

(42) Wall 1250 is partly submerged into the ocean and can be set in motion by the ocean waves, and thus producing a movement of object 1208. Hence, object 1208 gains a nonzero momentum before it collides with body 1202.