Method for operating a gas turbine arrangement

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for operating a gas turbine arrangement, wherein the gas turbine arrangement can be actively connected to a grid system and includes a separation of compressor and turbine shaft to operate both components individually as unit. A first unit can include at least one turbine and at least one generator and a second unit can include at least one compressor and least one motor. Various switches are situated along power lines and are actively connected to a frequency converter and/or the grid system, wherein the compressed air duct operating downstream of the compressor includes a flap.

Claims

1. A method for operating a gas turbine arrangement connected to a grid system, the method comprising: separating a compressor and a turbine including a combustor to rotate on separate shafts to operate both components individually, wherein a first unit includes the turbine and at least one generator and a second unit includes the compressor and at least one motor, wherein a first switch, a second switch and a third switch are situated along respective first, second and third power lines and are connected to a frequency converter and the grid system; and introducing an air mass flow from the compressor to the combustor of the turbine via a compressed air duct including a flap operating downstream of the compressor.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first switch is arranged along the first power line arranged between the generator and the grid system or vice versa, the second switch is arranged along the second power line which operates between the first power line and the frequency converter or vice versa, the third switch is arranged along the third power line which operates between the motor and the frequency converter or vice versa, and wherein a fourth power line operates between the frequency converter and the grid system or vice versa.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein operating of the gas turbine arrangement refers to at least one or a sequential process or a variable combination of the following modes: a standstill mode; a ready-to-start mode; a start-up and ignition mode; a loading mode; a shut-down mode; and/or a gas turbine trip mode.

4. The method according to claim 3, the standstill mode comprising: driving the first unit by a rotor barring; driving the second unit by a rotor barring; opening the first, second and third switches; and closing the flap.

5. The method according to claim 3, the ready-to-start mode comprising: driving the first unit by a rotor barring; driving the second unit by a rotor barring; running the first unit to a speed via the fourth power line from the grid system to the frequency converter; closing the second switch arranged along the second power line, while the first switch and the third switch remain opened; opening the flap for introducing the air mass flow from the compressor to the combustor to introduce a slight air mass flow; choosing a speed to turn the turbine/generator shaft such that the turbine is heated up via ventilation of blades of the turbine in the area of 1000 rpm.

6. The method according to claim 3, the start-up and ignition mode comprising: driving the first unit by a rotor barring; driving the second unit by a rotor barring; running the first unit to nominal speed corresponding to a grid frequency; closing the first switch arranged along the first power line, such that the generator operates as a motor; opening the second switch; opening the flap; and driving the second unit to a speed n2 via the third power line by the frequency converter by closing the third switch, wherein speed n2 corresponds to an ignition speed of the combustor of the gas turbine arrangement.

7. The method according to claim 3, the loading mode comprising: driving the first unit by a rotor barring; driving the second unit by a rotor barring; gradually increasing a fuel flow and a compressed air mass flow in a composition by a controller wherein a) the fuel flow is directed by a fuel control valve; b) the compressed air mass flow is directed by the frequency converter; c) the flap is opened; and driving the second unit by the frequency converter by closing the third switch, wherein the generator is first consuming electrical energy from the grid system and by increasing a thermal power of the combustor, an electrical load consumption is reduced and the generator starts to export energy via a power line by closing the first switch, wherein the generator is always connected to the grid system in such a way that no re-synchronization is needed.

8. The method according to claim 3, the shut-down mode comprising: driving the first unit by a rotor barring; driving the second unit by a rotor barring; reducing a thermal power of the combustor until no combustion process is present in the combustor; closing a control valve; opening the first switch, wherein a turbine/generator shaft is slowing down and when stopped the rotor barring driving the first unit is started, wherein the third switch is opened and a compressor/motor unit shaft is quickly running down and at standstill, the rotor barring driving the second unit is started; closing the flap to keep the turbine warm, wherein in keeping ready to start mode an opened second switch is closed and a speed n1 is kept.

9. The method according to claim 3, the gas turbine trip mode comprising: driving the first unit by a rotor barring; driving the second unit by a rotor barring; stopping a fuel flow by immediate closing of a fuel control valve and a trip valve; simultaneously opening the third switch and a compressor/motor unit shaft is slowing down, wherein as soon as the generator consumes energy, opening the first switch and a turbine/generator unit shaft is slowing down, closing the flap to keep the turbine warm and a point of time to close of the flap avoids a compressor surge, closing an opened second switch and keeping a speed n1 to keep the turbine on ready to start mode.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the turbine and the generator are associated with a steam power station which has a controller which controls the gas turbine and the steam power station, and which controller causes initiation of the generator when there is a power demand on the steam power station which exceeds a specific limit.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will be described in more detail in the following text using one specific exemplary embodiment and with reference to a drawing for illustrative purposes. For a person skilled in the art, these statements will result in additional possible ways to implement the invention which may differ from the specific exemplary embodiment. In the Figures:

(2) FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of a gas turbine engine, wherein the arrangement comprising a separation of compressor and turbine shaft to operate both components individually;

(3) FIG. 2 shows the operation method referring to ready-to-start mode;

(4) FIG. 3 shows the operation method referring to start-up and ignition mode;

(5) FIG. 4 shows the operation method referring to loading mode;

(6) FIG. 5 shows a graphic on the relationship between thermal load and demand/export generator power;

(7) FIG. 6 shows the operational method referring to shut-down mode.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

(8) FIG. 1 shows a gas turbine arrangement comprising fundamentally a separation of turbine T/generator G unit from compressor C/motor M unit. Turbine/generator unit T/G is always connected to the grid system via a power line 100, except run-up and shut-down modes (see also FIG. 6). Turbine/generator unit T/G driven by T/G shaft 200, and compressor/motor unit C/M driven by C/M shaft 300. In operative connection with the frequency converter FC three switches S1, S2, S3 are provided, wherein the switch S1 is located along the power line 100, downstream of the switch S2, wherein the switch S2 is arranged along the power line 600, which extending between frequency converter FC and power line 100. The power line 500 operates between frequency converter FC and grid system or vice versa. The switch S3 is arranged downstream of the frequency converter FC toward the motor M along the power line 400. In the air duct 700 downstream of the compressor C a flap Fl is arranged, which regulates the compressed mass flow directed to the combustor 800 upstream of the turbine T. At the beginning the fuel control valve CV is closed. Basically, the fuel flow within the fuel distribution system 900 and air mass flow in the required composition are gradually increased by the controller CR. The fuel flow directed by the fuel control valve CV and the air mass flow of the compressor C directed by the frequency converter FC and motor M.

(9) FIG. 2 shows a gas turbine arrangement comprising fundamentally a separation of turbine T/generator G unit from compressor C/motor M unit, wherein this operation method referring to ready-to-start mode. Turbine/generator unit T/G is run to speed n1 via frequency converter FC; in this state, switch S2 is closed (see power line 610); while switches S1 and S3 are open. Flap Fl to block air mass flow is open to introduce a slight air mass flow. Speed n1 is chosen to turn the turbine/generator shaft 200 such that the turbine is heated up via ventilation of blading in the area of 1000 rpm. This arrangement corresponds then to that in FIG. 1.

(10) FIG. 3 shows a gas turbine arrangement comprising fundamentally a separation of turbine T/generator G unit from compressor C/motor M unit, wherein this operation method referring to start-up and ignition mode. Turbine/generator unit T/G is run to nominal speed (grid frequency) and switch S1 is closed (see power line 110 from grid system to generator G), i.e., generator G working as motor. Switch S2 is opened (see power line 600), and flap Fl is open. Compressor/motor unit C/M is driven by frequency converter FC by closing switch S3 (see power line 410 from grid system to frequency converter FC and forwards to the motor M) to speed n2, wherein speed n2 is the ignition speed of the combustor of GT. Thus, the combustor is ignited. Beyond that this arrangement corresponds then to that in FIGS. 1 and 2.

(11) FIG. 4 shows a gas turbine arrangement comprising fundamentally a separation of turbine T/generator G unit from compressor C/motor M unit, wherein this operation method referring to loading mode. The fuel flow and air mass flow in the required composition is gradually increased by the controller CR via: The fuel flow 910 directed by the fuel control valve CV. The air mass flow of the compressor C directed by the frequency converter FC and motor M and flap Fl is open. The generator G is first consuming electrical energy from the grid system and by increasing the thermal power of the combustor, the electrical load consumption will be reduced and the generator will start to export energy, i.e. the generator is always connected to the grid system so that no synchronization is needed. Switch S2 is opened (see power line 600). Switch S1 is closed (see power line 120 from generator G to grid system). Switch S3 is closed (see power line 410 from grid system to frequency converter FC and forwards to the motor M).

(12) FIG. 5 shows a graphic on the relationship between thermal load and demand/export generator power. The ordinate shows a percentage scale referring to the thermal load of the gas turbine arrangement. The abscissa symbolizes generator power in the division between demand and export. At the intersection with 20% thermal load with respect to the subdivision demand/export (the consumed compressor power to run the turbine T/generator G unit self-sustaining is in the range of 20% full load thermal power on nominal speed), reflects in point A the two states, namely Reverse Power and Power to the Grid.

(13) FIG. 6 shows a gas turbine arrangement comprising fundamentally a separation of turbine T/generator G unit from compressor C/motor M unit, wherein this operation method referring to a shout-down mode. The thermal power of the combustor is reduced until flame-off. Fuel control valve CV is closed. Switch S1 is opened, the turbine shaft is running down and at standstill rotor barring is started. Switch S3 is opened, the compressor shaft is quickly running down and at standstill rotor barring is started. Flap Fl is closed to keep the turbine warm. The point of time to close of the flap shall avoid compressor surge. In case of keeping ready to start mode, the opened switch S2 is closed and speed n1 is kept.

LIST OF DESIGNATIONS

(14) T Turbine C Compressor G Generator M Motor FC Frequency converter CV Fuel control valve CR Controller S1 Switch, first switch S2 Switch, second switch S3 Switch, third switch Fl Flap to block air mass flow 100 Power line 110 Power line (to Generator) 120 Power line (from Generator) 200 T/G shaft 300 C/M shaft 400 Power line 410 Power line (to Motor) 500 Power line 510 Power line (from FC to grid system) 600 Power line 610 Power line (from FC to G) 700 Duct air flow mass, compressed air 800 Combustor 900 Fuel distribution system 910 Fuel flow