Bioenergy storage and management system and method

Abstract

A bioenergy management system and method for generating and supplying on-demand auxiliary electrical power is disclosed. The system/method includes a biogas generation unit (BGU) that produces biogas from dairy farm manure and stores the biogas in a biogas storage unit (BSU). An stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU) converts the stored biogas to electricity. A biogas control unit (BCU) measures the quality and quantity of biogas stored in the BSU and calculates available electric power (AEP) from this information. Depending on auxiliary electrical power requirements, a utility control unit (UCU) initiates an on-demand request for electric power (REP) to the BCU using a producer communication device (PCD)/utility communication device (UCD) data link. The BCU processes the REP from the UCU and negotiates electrical power (NEP) quantity. The BCU may electrically connect the SEGU to an electric transmission grid (ETG) to allow instantaneous/scheduled NEP delivery to the ETG.

Claims

1. A bioenergy storage and management system comprising: (a) an anaerobic digester unit (ADU) to generate and store biogas; (b) stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU); and (c) biogas control unit (BCU); wherein said ADU is configured to store an amount of said biogas needed for demand and to transfer said biogas to said SEGU; said SEGU is configured to generate electric power with said transferred biogas; and said BCU is configured to initiate said SEGU in response to a request for on demand power from an utility company, an independent system operator, a utility intermediary entity, from an energy storage device, or from an onsite consumer.

2. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 wherein said ADU further comprises a manure processing unit (MPU); and wherein said MPU is configured to process manure; said MPU is configured to supply said processed manure to said ADU; said ADU is configured to produce said biogas using an Anaerobic Digestion Process (ADP); and said ADU is configured to produce an effluent using said ADP.

3. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 2 wherein said MPU is further configured to separate said processed manure into high content solids and low content solids.

4. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 2 wherein said manure is procured from a dairy farm.

5. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 2 wherein said ADU is further configured to transfer said biogas to said SEGU.

6. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 2 wherein said ADU is further configured to store said biogas.

7. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 2 wherein said ADU is further configured to transfer said effluent to an effluent processing unit (EPU) to produce a fertilizer.

8. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 further comprises: (a) producer communication device (PCD); (b) utility communication device (UCD); and (c) utility control unit (UCU); wherein said PCD is configured to permit remote control and monitoring of said BCU; said PCD is configured to communicate with said UCD; said UCD is configured to communicate with said PCD under control of said UCU; and said UCU is configured to permit remote control and monitoring of said BCU.

9. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim/wherein: said PCD comprises a transmitter (PTR) and a receiver (PCR); said UCD comprises a transmitter (CTR) and a receiver (CCR); said PTR is configured to communicate with said CCR; and said CTR is configured to communicate with said PCR.

10. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 wherein said SEGU further comprises: (a) electric generator to convert said biogas into said electrical power; and (b) transformer configured to electrically couple output from said electric generator to said ETG or to an energy storage device.

11. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 wherein said SEGU further comprises: (a) electric generator to convert said biogas into said electrical power; and (b) transformer configured to electrically couple output from said electric generator to a user transmission line (UTL).

12. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 wherein said ETG is configured to be coupled to said SEGU and an alternate renewable generation unit (AEGU).

13. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 wherein said BCU is configured to instantaneously couple said SEGU to said ETG.

14. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 wherein said BCU is configured to schedule coupling of said SEGU to said ETG.

15. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 wherein said BCU is configured to calculate available electrical power (AEP) based on measured quality and quantity of said stored biogas in said BSU, and efficiency of said SEGU.

16. The bioenergy storage and management system of claim 1 wherein said BCU is configured to activate the SEGU based on highest rate for electrical power.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) For a fuller understanding of the advantages provided by the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a system block overview diagram describing how prior art systems approach bioenergy management.

(3) FIG. 2a illustrates a graph describing how prior art systems manage renewable energy.

(4) FIG. 2b shows a graph (Duck Curve) describing how prior art systems can destabilize the energy grid and fail to manage renewable energy without renewable energy storage.

(5) FIG. 3a illustrates an exemplary system block overview describing a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(6) FIG. 3b illustrates an exemplary block overview of a bioenergy system supplying behind the meter electrical energy to users according to a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(7) FIG. 3c illustrates an exemplary system block overview of a hybrid biogas generation system with different types of ADUs and BGUs processing different fractions or types of organic materials or other intermittent renewable energy source(s) describing a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(8) FIG. 3d illustrates an exemplary system automatic communication system overview describing a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(9) FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a preferred exemplary biogas generation unit (BGU) embodiment.

(10) FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary overview flowchart describing a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(11) FIG. 5a illustrates an exemplary biogas storage automatic communication flowchart describing a presently preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(12) FIG. 6 illustrates a detailed flowchart of a preferred exemplary available electrical power (AEP) calculation method used in some preferred exemplary invention embodiments.

(13) FIG. 7 illustrates a detailed flowchart of a preferred exemplary biogas generation and control method used in some preferred exemplary invention embodiments.

(14) FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a preferred exemplary control and communication system.

(15) FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a preferred exemplary communication method used in some preferred exemplary invention embodiments.

(16) FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a preferred exemplary electrical generation unit (EGU) embodiment.

(17) FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a preferred exemplary biogas control unit (BCU) embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

(18) While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detailed preferred embodiment of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the invention to the embodiment illustrated.

(19) The numerous innovative teachings of the present application will be described with particular reference to the presently preferred embodiment, wherein these innovative teachings are advantageously applied to the particular problems of a bioenergy management system and method. However, it should be understood that this embodiment is only one example of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present application do not necessarily limit any of the various claimed inventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others.

Preferred Embodiment System Block Diagram (0350)

(20) The present invention may be seen in more detail as generally illustrated in FIG. 3a (0350), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU) (0351) is in fluid communication with a stored energy electrical generation unit (SEGU) (0352). According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, plural BSUs (0351) may be in fluid communication with the SEGU (0352).

(21) The BSU(s) (0351) may be configured to transfer biogas to SEGU (0352) using a conduit large enough for safe and efficient transfer. The conduit may be controlled by auxiliary control systems and valves. The BSU(s) (0351) may be connected to a biogas generation unit (BGU) that further comprises operational units as described below in FIG. 4. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, the BGU may be configured to connect to SEGU (0352) directly to supply biogas. The SEGU (0352) further comprises operational units that are described below in FIG. 10. In some cases, when BSU(s) (0301) and SEGU (0352) are separated by long distances, a pump or blower may be used to transfer the biogas. Additionally, manual storage equipment may also be used to transport the biogas.

(22) A biogas control unit (BCU) (0353) may be electronically coupled to the BSU(s) (0351) and the SEGU (0352). The BCU (0353) may use analog or digital electronic signals to control remote units and sensors. A user may invoke an automated process using a graphical user interface (GUI) on BCU (0353). FIG. 11 as generally described below, further provides additional details for the BCU (0353). The BCU (0353) may further include logic controllers to control transfer of information, electric circuits to receive/transmit signals and microcontrollers to interface with the automated processes. For example, the BCU (0353) may turn on an output valve on the BSU(s) (0351) and an input value on the SEGU (0352) enabling biogas fluid transfer.

(23) In another preferred exemplary embodiment, the BCU (0353) may be electronically coupled to an Anaerobic Digestive Units (ADUs) (0360). The ADUs (0360) may store and transfer biogas to the SEGU (0352) directly.

(24) The utility company may communicate directly with the BCU (0353) via a manual communication link for example, a communications link to an operator delivered via a telephone call. In a preferred exemplary embodiment, a manual communication link, for example a telephone, may be used to communicate utility company on-demand requests to biogas producers.

Preferred Embodiment Behind The Meter Biogas Generation Unit (BGU) (0320)

(25) The present invention may be seen in more detail as generally illustrated in FIG. 3b (0320), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU) (0311) is in fluid communication with an stored energy electrical generation unit (SEGU) (0312). According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, plural BSUs (0311) may be in fluid communication with the SEGU (0312). An ADU (0315) may also supply biogas to SEGU (0312). According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, SEGU (0312) may generate electricity to dispatch to a user transmission line (UTL) (0314) that may supply electricity to plural user's on-demand or scheduled. This form of behind the meter energy supply is not controlled/dispatched by the UCU (0307), rather it is stored and used to supply power to a user (industrial user, agricultural user, small battery systems for residential users)not set up to supply power to the grid when instructed to do so by the UCU (0307). It is behind the meter because it supplies the UTL (0314) not the ETG (0304). In this configuration, the BCU (0353) may be programmed to initiate energy delivery from the SEGU (0312) on a schedule such as by time of day or day of week or any other factor if BSU (0311) has biogas availability.

Preferred Embodiment Hybrid Generation Unit (HGU) (0330)

(26) An exemplary embodiment may be seen in more detail as generally illustrated in FIG. 3c (0330), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU) (0321) is in fluid communication with a stored energy electrical generation unit (SEGU) (0322). An alternate intermittent renewable electric generation unit (AEGU) (0326) may also be combined with SEGU (0322) to generate and supply the ETG (0324) with electricity. The intermittent sources used for AEGU (0326) may be wind turbines or solar cells.

Preferred Embodiment Automatic Communication System Block Diagram (0300)

(27) The present invention may be seen in more detail as generally illustrated in FIG. 3d (0300), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU) (0301) is in fluid communication with a stored energy electrical generation unit (SEGU) (0302). According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, plural BSUs (0301) may be in fluid communication with the SEGU (0302).

(28) The BSU(s) (0301) may be configured to transfer biogas to SEGU (0302) using a conduit large enough for safe and efficient transfer. The conduit may be controlled by auxiliary control systems and valves. The BSU(s) (0301) may be connected to a biogas generation unit (BGU) that further comprises operational units as described below in FIG. 4. In a preferred exemplary embodiment the BGU may be configured to connect to the SEGU (0302) directly to supply biogas. The SEGU (0302) further comprises operational units that are described below in FIG. 10. In some cases, when the BSU(s) (0301) and the SEGU (0302) are separated by long distances, a pump or blower may be used to transfer the biogas. Additionally, manual storage equipment may also be used to transport the biogas.

(29) A biogas control unit (BCU) (0303) may be electronically connected to the BSU(s) (0301), the SEGU (0302) and a producer communication device (PCD) (0305). The BCU (0303) may use analog or digital electronic signals to control remote units and sensors. A user may invoke an automated process using a graphical user interface (GUI) on BCU (0303). FIG. 11 as generally described below, further provides additional details for BCU (0303). The BCU (0303) may further include logic controllers to control transfer of information, electric circuits to receive/transmit signals and microcontrollers to interface with the automated processes. For example, BCU (0303) may turn on an output valve on BSU(s) (0301) and an input value on SEGU (0302) enabling biogas fluid transfer.

(30) In another preferred exemplary embodiment, the BCU (0303) may be electronically coupled to an Anaerobic Digestive Units (ADUs) (0310). The ADUs (0310) may store and transfer biogas to the SEGU (0302) directly.

(31) The BCU (0303) is also configured to communicate electronically with PCD (0305). The PCD (0305) may be used to transmit and receive information from a utility communication device (UCD) (0306) via an established data link (0308). The PCD (0305) and UCD (0306) may be similar to intelligent communication devices (ICD) that are generally used in smart grid technology. A utility company that operates a utility control unit (UCU) (0307) may remotely control UCD (0306) and monitor its status. The utility company may also communicate with BCU (0303) directly via a manual communication link (0309) for example via a communications to an operator delivered via a telephone call. Further details of the interactions of BCU (0303), PCD (0305), UCD (0306) and UCU (0307) are described in FIG. 8. The UCU (0307) may send requests for electric power (REP) to BCU (0303) via data link (0308). Likewise, BCU (0303) may respond back to UCU (0307) via data link (0308). According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the above described communication method may be used to meet on-demand requests for electric power from renewable sources. In another preferred exemplary embodiment, a manual communication link (0309), for example a telephone, may be used to communicate utility company on-demand requests to biogas producers.

Preferred Embodiment Biogas Generation Unit (BGU) (0400)

(32) The present invention may be seen in more detail as generally illustrated in FIG. 4 (0400), wherein a biogas generation unit (BGU) (0410) includes a manure processing unit (MPU) (0411) and an anaerobic digestive unit (ADU) (0412). BGU (0410) may be operatively connected to a biogas storage unit (BSU) (0413). The operation and control of MPU (0411) may be remotely managed by a manure control unit (MCU) (0421). Similarly, the operation and control of ADU (0412) may be remotely managed by a digester control unit (DCU) (0422) and the operation and control of BSU (0413) may be remotely managed by a storage control unit (SCU) (0423). A central control system (CCS) in the BCU (0420) may include MCU (0421), ADU (0422) and SCU (0423) as part of the overall control system.

(33) According to one preferred embodiment, dairy farm manure (DFM) may be collected from one or more dairy farms in the form of liquid or solid influent and then processed in MPU (0411). The DFM collection may be integrated into existing dairy farm operation. The energy in the methane that is produced naturally by anaerobic decomposition of the DFM would otherwise be wasted and released into the atmosphere, if not collected and stored. The MPU (0411) may include a collection pit, a processing pit, flush or scrape manure collection systems and/or mechanical separators. A pump and agitation system may transfer the DFM from the pit to an inclined screen solids separator where wet fibrous solids are separated from the liquid influent. The MCU (0421) may measure flows and control and monitor the operation of MPU (0411). For example, MCU (0421) may control the transport of processed DFM from the MPU (0411) to the ADU (0412). The MPU (0411) may also be configured to separate the solids/organics from DFM before transporting to the ADU (0412). The organics could be collected from agricultural substrates, human waste being processed at a waste water plant, or organic fraction of municipal solid waste stream (OFMSW). In one preferred exemplary embodiment, the ADU (0412) may receive feedstock from a combination of the organics such as agricultural substrates, human waste from waste water plant, OFMSW or DFM. It should be noted that any of the abovementioned combinations may be used in a hybrid manner to feed ADU (0412) for biogas production.

(34) Additionally, the MPU (0411) may further concentrate, separate or direct already separated organics and/or manure such that the high solids portion of a feedstock goes to one type of ADU configured for high solids such as a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and/or a plug flow reactor and the low solids content portion goes to a covered lagoon ADU or a similar type ADU (0412) more suited to low solids. The MPU (0411) may incorporate a tank or in ground plug flow digester (typically operating at a mesophillic or thermophillic temperature) for processing separated solids with a high total solids content around 5 to 20% total solids operating in parallel with a lagoon style digester (typically operating at a pyschrophilic temperature, i.e., ambient) which handles the low total solids concentration liquids (typically less than 5% total solids). The hybrid arrangement may allow for an improved system to bio digester and process dilute effluents.

(35) In one preferred exemplary embodiment, the MPU (0411) and the ADU (0412) may co-exist in one location or separated by a long distance. If the MPU (0411) and the ADU (0412) co-exist in one location, a conduit may be used to transfer processed DFM to the ADU (0412). A pump may be used to pump the DFM. A transport mechanism may be used to transfer DFM, if the MPU (0411) and the ADU (0412) are separated by long distances. Determination of using the transport mechanism or a pump to transfer DFM may be made depending on factors such as distance, volume of DFM and pumping capacity.

(36) Anaerobic digestion process (ADP) is a series of bio-chemical reactions by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material such as DFM, in the absence of oxygen. In the ADU (0412), microorganisms break down the DFM and create biogas, which is then trapped in the digester. The captured biogas primarily consists of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. One of the bi-products of ADP is carbon-dioxide. An equation describing ADP biogas production is as follows:
CH.sub.6H.sub.12O.sub.6.fwdarw.3CO.sub.2+3CH.sub.4

(37) The conversion of the DFM's organic nitrogen to its inorganic form (over 60% conversion) makes the nitrogen more available to the crops.

(38) According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, various pasteurization and concentration techniques may be used to convert the bi-products from ADP into valuable co-products including fertilizer. The bi-products may be transferred to an Effluent Processing Unit (EPU) (0431) that processes the bi-products to produce a fertilizer. The fertilizer may be marketed for use in agricultural farms.

(39) The DCU (0422) may control the temperature of ADP and regulate input/output and other operations of ADU (0412). The DCU (0422) may further monitor the quality of biogas and the concentration of methane in the biogas using a generally available gas analyzer. The BCU (0420) may use the measured quality of biogas to calculate available electrical power (AEP) generation potential.

(40) The BCU (0420) may use pressure sensors, laser scanning and/or optical scanning systems to measure the loft and elevation of a flexible cover base BSU (0413) and thus integrate and calculate the volume of stored biogas, stored energy value and available electric energy production or available electric power (AEP).

(41) The ADU (0412) may be configured to transfer biogas to BSU (0413) using a conduit large enough for safe and efficient transfer. The ADU (0412) may also be used to store and transfer biogas to SEGU. Auxiliary control systems and valves in BCU (0420) may remotely control operations of the conduit.

(42) Selection of an appropriate biogas storage system may make a significant contribution to the efficiency and safety of a bioenergy system. A biogas storage system may also compensate for fluctuations in the production and consumption of biogas as well as temperature-related changes in volume. The BSU (0413) may be a bioenergy storage system that typically operates at pressures below 2 psi. The BSU (0413) may be made of steel, fiberglass, or a flexible fabric. A separate tank may be used with a floating gas holder for the storage of the digestate (bi-product) and also storage of the raw biogas.

(43) In a preferred exemplary embodiment the BSU (0413) and the ADU (0412) are integrated into a single system such as a covered lagoon digester with a flexible covering that may have folds built into it or be sufficiently flexible to able to expand and store the produced biogas and still sustain and maintain its integrity under worst case wind loads.

(44) The BSU (0413) may also be a gas holder with a flexible inflatable fabric top. Flexible membrane materials commonly used for these gas holders may include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and chlorosulfonated polyethylene covered polyester. Thicknesses for cover materials typically may vary from 0.5 to 2.5 millimeters. According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, BSU (0413) may store biogas for a period of less than 7 days.

(45) According to one preferred exemplary embodiment, ADU (0412) may act as a self-contained biogas storage unit. After completing ADP process, ADU (0412) may produce and store the biogas in ADU (0412) and directly transfers the biogas gas to SEGU (0302), when instructed by BCU (0420). The ADU (0412) may include a flexible membrane inflatable top that expands as needed to allow for more biogas storage. Materials used for the inflatable top may be similar to the materials used in BSU (0413) as described above. Depending on the capacity and demand of biogas, ADU (0412) may store biogas independently or in conjunction with a BSU (0413).

(46) According to another preferred exemplary embodiment, plural ADUs (0412) may produce, store, and transfer biogas to SEGU (0302) for generating electrical power. The ADU's (0412) may store the biogas for less than 7 days.

(47) According to yet another preferred exemplary embodiment, plural ADUs may store and transfer biogas to plural BSUs or a standalone BSU.

Preferred Exemplary Method Embodiment (0520)

(48) As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG. 5 (0520), the present invention method may be generally described in terms of the following steps: (1) with the BCU, waiting for a request for electrical power (REP) indicating quantity (power level and duration) from a utility company (0521); (2) with the BCU, acknowledging the REP to the utility company (0522); (1) with the BCU, calculating available electrical energy and power (AEP) from the stored biogas (0523); BCU ensures the contracted amount of stored energy is available example 10 MWhrs if this is the contract mechanism; (3) with the BCU, determining if the AEP is greater than 0, and if so, proceeding to step (0527) (0524); (4) with the BCU, responding with non-availability to the utility company (0525); (5) with the BGU, generating biogas and proceeding to the step (0521) (0526); (6) with the BCU, responding with the AEP quantity to the utility company (0527); (7) with the utility company, sending authorization to the BCU, for a negotiated electrical power (NEP) that is less than or equal to the AEP (0528); (8) with the BCU, determining if the NEP is required instantaneously, and if not, proceeding to step (0531) (0529); (9) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (0521) (0530); and (10) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG at a scheduled time, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (0521) (0531).

(49) One skilled in the art will recognize that these method steps may be augmented or rearranged without limiting the teachings of the present invention. This general method summary may be augmented by the various elements described herein to produce a wide variety of invention embodiments consistent with this overall design description.

Preferred Exemplary Biogas Storage Automatic Communication Method Embodiment (0500)

(50) As generally seen in the Biogas Storage Automatic Communication flow chart of FIG. 5a (0500), the present invention method may be generally described in terms of the following steps: (1) with the PCD, establishing a network connection with the UCD (0501); (2) with the BCU, waiting for a request for electrical power (REP) from the UCD (0502); (3) with the PCD, receiving the REP indicating quantity (power level and duration) from the UCU via the UCD (0503); (4) with the PCD, acknowledging the REP to the UCD and forwarding the REP to the BCU (0504); (2) with the BCU, calculating available electrical energy and power (AEP) from the stored biogas (0505); BCU ensures the contracted amount of stored energy is available example 10 MWhrs if this is the contract mechanism; (5) with the BCU, determining if the AEP is greater than 0, and if so, proceeding to step (0508) (0506); (6) with the BCU, responding with non-availability of the REP to the UCU via the PCD and the UCD (0507); (7) with the BGU, generating biogas and proceeding to the step (0502) (0508); (8) with the BCU, responding with the AEP quantity to the UCU via the PCD and the UCD (0509); (9) with the UCU, sending authorization to the BCU via the UCD and the PCD, for a negotiated electrical power (NEP) that is less than or equal to the AEP (0510); (10) with the BCU, determining if the NEP is required instantaneously, and if not, proceeding to step (0513) (0511); (11) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (0502) (0512); and (12) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG at a scheduled time, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (0502) (0513).

(51) One skilled in the art will recognize that these method steps may be augmented or rearranged without limiting the teachings of the present invention. This general method summary may be augmented by the various elements described herein to produce a wide variety of invention embodiments consistent with this overall design description.

Preferred Exemplary Available Electric Power (AEP) Determination Method Embodiment (0600)

(52) As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG. 6 (0600), a preferred exemplary available electric power (AEP) determination method may be generally described in terms of the following steps: (1) with the utility company, forwarding a request to BCU for determining AEP (0601); (2) with the BCU, determining quality of biogas by measuring the percentage of methane in the BSU (0602); (3) with the BCU, determining quantity of biogas by measuring the percentage of methane in the BSU (0603); (4) with the BCU, calculating AEP based on the quality and the quantity of biogas available in the BSU and the efficiency of EGU (0604); and (5) Returning to the step (0504) (0605).

(53) AEP may be calculated as a function of gas volume in the BSU/ADP, methane percentage, pressure, temperature, and calorific value of methane. Gas volume may be calculated as a function of storage vessel dimensions, level of inflation or expansion of the BSU/ADP.

(54) Gas volume for a flexible inflatable covered BSU/ADP may be determined by measuring the height of inflation and/or more accurately by scanning the inflated cover with a laser or optical or other type of remote scanning device and integrating the results. A laser scanner as used by surveyors to calculate the volume of a pile could continuously scan and monitor the cover height and shape of a BSU using a flexible cover. A software algorithm (fuel gauge) may calculate AEP based on the calculated volume, pressure, methane percentage and other factors. This fuel gauge could be used to guarantee contracted obligations to show sufficient stored energy availability and recharge rates after a discharge.

Preferred Exemplary Biogas Production and Control Method Embodiment (0700)

(55) As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG. 7 (0700), a preferred exemplary biogas production and control method may be generally described in terms of the following steps: (1) with biogas facility, procuring dairy farm manure (DFM) (0701); (2) with the MPU, processing the procured DFM to extract solids from the DFM (0702); (3) with the MPU, transferring the processed DFM to the ADU (0703); (4) with the ADU, producing biogas through ADP (0704); (5) with the ADU, transferring the biogas to the BSU (0705); (6) with the BSU, storing the biogas in the BSU at ambient temperature (0706); (7) with the BCU, determining if stored biogas exceeds the capacity of the BSU, if not, proceeding to step (0710) (0707); (8) with an excess biogas processing unit (EPU), flaring or venting the excess biogas (0708); (9) with the BSU, transferring the biogas to a base load electric generation unit BEGU (0709); (10) with the BCU, determining if the remaining stored biogas exceeds minimum biogas storage requirements to meet contractual biogas energy demand (for example, biogas required to generate electricity for 4 hours a day), if so, proceeding to step (0709) (0710); and (11) returning to step (0507) (0711).

Preferred Embodiment Control and Communication System (0800)

(56) The present invention may be seen in more detail as generally illustrated in FIG. 8 (0800), wherein a control and communication system is described. The system may include a utility control unit (UCU) (0810), a utility communication device (UCD) (0820), a producer communication device (PCD) (0830), and a biogas control unit (BCU) (0840).

(57) An electric utility company (EUC) may manage the operation and control of UCU (0810). The EUC may have a central control system that manages energy suppliers such as renewable energy producers and may manage and monitor consumers such as residential and industrial customers via smart meters. The EUC may also calculate and forecast demand based on consumer needs and history. Additionally, EUC may need to meet the demand with a supply from the producers. Furthermore, the EUC may instruct UCU (0810) to generate a request for electrical power (REP) based on the demand. In some instances, EUC may not be able to accurately forecast demand and might need immediate or instantaneous supply of electric power, for example in 10 minutes. In these cases, EUC may instruct UCU (0810) to generate a request indicating the instantaneous nature of the request. The UCU (0810) may be connected to UCD (0820) and also configured to send and receive requests to UCD (0820).

(58) In a preferred exemplary embodiment, if the need for electrical power is instantaneous, an electrochemical battery of relatively short duration (capacity) may be placed between the SEGU and the utility with sufficient power and duration to instantaneously provide power and energy thus bridging the time the SEGU needs to power up and come on line which typically may be within a few minutes.

(59) The UCD (0820) is a communication device that may include a transmitter (CTR) (0821) and a receiver (CCR) (0822). Likewise, PCD (0830) is a communication device that may include a transmitter (PTR) (0832) and a receiver (PCR) (0831). The CTR (0821) may be connected to PCR (0831) for transmitting data such as request for electric power (REP). Similarly, CCR (0822) may be connected to PTR (0832) for receiving data such as responses for REP.

(60) A network connection may need to be established between UCD (0820) and PCD (0830) before communicating with each other. The network connection may be a wired connection using a copper wire or a wireless connection using such protocols as 3G, 4G, or LTE. The wired connection may be established by a generally available protocol such as Ethernet. Once a network connection is established between UCD (0820) and PCD (0830), UCU (0810) may send a REP and receive a response from BCU (0840).

(61) The BCU (0840) may be connected to PCD (0830) and also configured to send and receive requests to PCD (0830).

(62) According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, UCU (0810) may generate REP instantaneously or schedule REP for a later time. The CTR (0821) may transmit the REP to PCR (0831). The PCR (0831) may parse the request and forward it to BCU (0840). The BCU (0840) may then process the REP and send a response back to PCD (0830) indicating available electric power (AEP). The PTR (0832) may send the response to CCR (0822) which may then forward to UCU (0810) for further processing.

(63) According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the communication channel from UCU (0810) to BCU (0840) may be kept open at all times to fulfill on-demand energy requirements round-the-clock.

Preferred Exemplary Communication Flowchart Embodiment (0900)

(64) As generally seen in the flow chart of FIG. 9 (0900), a preferred exemplary bioenergy system communication flowchart may include a BCU (0303) continuously managing stored biogas to maintain available electrical power (AEP). The UCU (0307) may initiate a request for electric power (REP) indicating quantity required (power level and duration). The UCU (0307) may communicate directly with BCU (0303) via a manual communication link (0309), for example a telephone call or a hotline. A network connection (data link (0308)) between UCD (0306) and PCD (0305) may be established. The network connection may be wired or wireless. The REP may be forwarded to UCD (0306) which subsequently transmits the REP to PCD (0305). The PCD (0305) forwards the request to BCU (0303) for further processing. The BCU (0303), which is waiting for a REP, acknowledges the request to UCU (0303) via data link (0308).

(65) The BCU (0303) may then parse the received REP and extract quantity required. The BCU (0303) may calculate available electrical power (AEP) based on quality and quantity of stored biogas in BGU (0301) and efficiency of SEGU (0302). The AEP may be less than or more than the REP. The BCU (0303) may acknowledge with AEP quantity. In some cases, a price may be pre-negotiated in an existing contract between the EUC and the bioenergy producer. The acknowledgement is forwarded to UCU (0307) via data link (0308).

(66) The UCU (0307) may send an authorization back to BCU (0303) with a negotiated electrical power quantity (NEP). The UCU (0307) may also indicate in the authorization, if the NEP is required instantaneously or scheduled for a later time.

(67) The BCU (0303) may receive the authorization and determine the urgency of transmitting NEP. If NEP is instantaneously required, BCU (0303) may remotely send a signal to start a generator in SEGU (0302) and synchronize to the ETG (0304). Otherwise, BCU (0303) may schedule the coupling for the requested schedule time. The BCU (0303) may stop BEGU to replenish biogas and start BEGU when a required minimum biogas is stored.

Preferred Embodiment Electrical Generation Unit (EGU) (1000)

(68) The present invention may be seen in more detail as generally illustrated in FIG. 10 (1000), wherein a biogas storage unit (BSU) and/or anaerobic digestive unit (ADP) (1001) are configured to transfer gas to a stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU) (1010), a base load electric generation unit (BEGU) (1003) and a excess biogas processing unit (EPU) (1004). The SEGU (1010) is configured to be controlled electronically by BCU (1002). Upon receiving a control signal from BCU (1002), SEGU (1010) may electrically couple to ETG (1020) transmitting electrical power over ETG (1020).

(69) The BEGU (1003) may operate continuously to consume excess biogas generated from the BSU/ADP (1001). The BEGU (1003) may run under a load or no load. The EPU (1004) may be used to flare or vent excess biogas. A combination of EPU (1004) and BEGU (1003) may be used to consume or burn excess biogas. The BCU (1002) monitors stored biogas in BSU (1001) to ensure minimum required biogas volume is present in order to meet contractual conditions. For example, the contract might include delivering electrical power for 4 hours during a certain time of each day. In the remaining part of the day, excess biogas produced is flared or vented in EPU (1004) or consumed in BEGU (1003).

(70) The SEGU (1010) may further comprise an electric generator (1011) coupled to an electric transformer (1012). The generator (1011) receives biogas from BSU/ADP (1001) and converts it into electrical power using a combustion process. Typically, generator (1011) uses the energy in the biogas to drive a crank shaft. The crank shaft turns an alternator to produce electricity. Heat is also produced during this process. The efficiency of the generator may be taken into account when the electrical output is calculated.

(71) The output from the generator (1011) may be transformed into the required voltage and frequency that conforms to ETG (1020). The transformer (1012) with a circuit breaker may be used to synchronize the frequency (example 50 Hz) of the generated electrical power to the ETG (1020).

(72) According to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the generator (1011) may use a spinning reserve of biogas to keep running in idle without a load. For example, generator (1011) may rotate at a constant 1500 revolutions per minute in idle mode. This enables the generator to instantaneously generate electrical power without delay, when a request for instantaneous power is received. Business factors may enable bioenergy producers to negotiate a better price that would offset the spinning reserve biogas used for running generator (1011) in idle mode. Additionally, bioenergy producers may negotiate pricing schedule with EUCs based on time of the day and urgency of the request. This would allow for bioenergy producers to have a profitable business model.

(73) According to a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the BEGU (1003) and the SEGU (1010) may be combined as one electric generation unit (EGU) but partitioned or segmented. The BCU (1002) may instruct the utilization percentages of BEGU (1003) and SEGU (1010). For example BCU may instruct to combine 50 percent BEGU (1003) and 50 percent SEGU (1010) to generate electricity to the ETG (1020).

(74) According to yet another preferred exemplary embodiment, the SEGU (1010) may be coupled directly to a user transmission line (UTL) (1005) to provide on-demand behind the meter electricity.

Preferred Embodiment Biogas Control Unit (BCU) (1100)

(75) The present invention may be seen in more detail as generally illustrated in FIG. 11 (1100), wherein BCU (1101) includes a biogas computing device (BCD) (1110) that is configured for enabling users such as process control engineers, operators, managers to interact with central control system (CCS) (1105). The BCU (1101) may further comprise a logic controller (1103) that directs data flow, a CCS (1105), a network controller (1104) that enables remote network connection, a microcontroller (1102) that executes instructions read from a computer-readable medium (1111), and a graphical user interface (GUI) (1112) with a pointing device. The CCS (1105) may further comprise control units such as MCU, DCU, and SCU that control MPU, ADU and BSU respectively. The users may login to BCU (1101) directly or remotely through a network connection. After logging in, users may open GUI (1112) with the pointing device and launch CCS (1105) module to monitor/control various components of the bioenergy system. Additionally, users may use GUI (1112) to invoke processes that automatically wait for a request for electrical power (REP) and subsequently process received requests from UCUs. The BCU (1101) may also calculate available electrical power (AEP) using monitored/measured data from CCS (1105) and EGU efficiency. When BCU (1101) receives authorization for electric power, CCS (1105) may automatically connect EGU to ETG transmitting on-demand power after negotiating quantity. According to the present preferred exemplary embodiment, automated processes invoked within BCU (1101) may enable efficient communication between suppliers and renewable energy producers. Furthermore, the automated processes within BCU (1101) may allow for reliable on-demand supply of dairy farm bioenergy.

System Summary

(76) The present invention system anticipates a wide variety of variations in the basic theme of stored renewable energy utilizing stored bioenergy or biogas, but can be generalized as a bioenergy storage and management system comprising one or more of the following but not necessarily requiring all: (a) biogas generation unit (BGU); (b) biogas storage unit (BSU); (c) stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU); and (d) biogas control unit (BCU); wherein the BGU is configured to produce biogas; the BGU is configured to transfer the biogas to the BSU; the BSU is configured to store the biogas; the BSU is configured to transfer the biogas to the SEGU; the SEGU is configured to generate electric power with the transferred biogas; the BCU is configured to monitor the status of the BGU and the BSU; the BCU is configured to control the operation of the BGU and the BSU; the BCU is configured to control electrical coupling of the SEGU to an electric transmission grid (ETG); and the BCU is configured to communicate with an utility company.

(77) This general system summary may be augmented by the various elements described herein to produce a wide variety of invention embodiments consistent with this overall design description.

Method Summary

(78) The present invention method anticipates a wide variety of variations in the basic theme of implementation, but can be generalized as a bioenergy storage and management method wherein the method is performed on a bioenergy storage and management system comprising: (a) biogas generation unit (BGU); (b) biogas storage unit (BSU); (c) stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU); and (d) biogas control unit (BCU); wherein the BGU is configured to produce biogas; the BGU is configured to transfer the biogas to the BSU; the BSU is configured to store the biogas; the BSU is configured to transfer the biogas to the SEGU; the SEGU is configured to generate electric power with the transferred biogas; the BCU is configured to monitor the status of the BGU and the BSU; the BCU is configured to control the operation of the BGU and the BSU; the BCU is configured to control electrical coupling of the SEGU to an electric transmission grid (ETG); and the BCU is configured to communicate with an utility company; wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) with the BCU, waiting for a request for electrical power (REP) indicating quantity (power level and duration) from a utility company; (2) with the BCU, acknowledging the REP to the utility company; (3) with the BCU, calculating available electrical energy and power (AEP) from the stored biogas; (4) with the BCU, determining if the AEP is greater than 0, and if so, proceeding to step (7); (5) with the BCU, responding with non-availability to the utility company; (6) with the BGU, generating biogas and proceeding to the step (1); (7) with the BCU, responding with the AEP quantity to the utility company; (8) with the utility company, sending authorization to the BCU, for a negotiated electrical power (NEP) that is less than or equal to the AEP; (9) with the BCU, determining if the NEP is required instantaneously, and if not, proceeding to step (11); (10) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (1); and (11) with the BCU, connecting the SEGU to the ETG at a scheduled time, transmitting the NEP and proceeding to the step (1).

(79) This general method summary may be augmented by the various elements described herein to produce a wide variety of invention embodiments consistent with this overall design description.

System/Method Variations

(80) The present invention anticipates a wide variety of variations in the basic theme of bioenergy. The examples presented previously do not represent the entire scope of possible usages. They are meant to cite a few of the almost limitless possibilities.

(81) This basic system and method may be augmented with a variety of ancillary embodiments, including but not limited to: An embodiment wherein the BGU further comprises: manure processing unit (MPU); and anaerobic digester unit (ADU); wherein the MPU is configured to process manure or organic feedstock; the MPU is configured to supply the processed manure or organics to the ADU; the ADU is configured to produce the biogas using the ADP; the ADU is configured to produce an effluent using the ADP; and the ADU is configured to transfer the biogas to the BSU. An embodiment wherein said communication further comprises: (a) producer communication device (PCD); (b) utility communication device (UCD); and (c) utility control unit (UCU); wherein the PCD is configured to permit remote control and monitoring of the BCU; the PCD is configured to communicate with the UCD; the UCD is configured to communicate with the PCD under control of the UCU; and the UCU is configured to permit remote control and monitoring of the BCU via data transferred to and from the PCD. An embodiment wherein: the PCD comprises a transmitter (PTR) and a receiver (PCR); the UCD comprises a transmitter (CTR) and a receiver (CCR); the PTR is configured to communicate with the CCR; and the CTR is configured to communicate with the PCR. An embodiment wherein the SEGU further comprises: electric generator to convert the biogas into the electrical power; and transformer configured to electrically couple output from the electric generator to the ETG. An embodiment wherein the SEGU further comprises: electric generator to convert the biogas into the electrical power; and transformer configured to electrically couple output from the electric generator to a user transmission line (UTL). An embodiment wherein the ETG is configured to be coupled to the SEGU and an alternate renewable generation unit (AEGU). An embodiment wherein the MPU is further configured to separate the processed manure into high content solids and low content solids. An embodiment wherein the manure is procured from a dairy farm. An embodiment wherein the manure is human waste procured from a waste water treatment plant. An embodiment wherein the manure is an organic waste. An embodiment wherein the ADU is further configured to transfer the biogas to the SEGU. An embodiment wherein the BSU is configured to store the biogas for less than 7 days. An embodiment wherein plural BSUs are configured to store the biogas. An embodiment wherein the plural BSUs are configured to transfer the biogas to the SEGU. An embodiment wherein the plural BSUs are configured to store the biogas for less than 7 days. An embodiment wherein the ADU is further configured to store the biogas. An embodiment wherein the ADU is configured to store the biogas for less than 7 days. An embodiment wherein plural ADUs are configured to produce the biogas. An embodiment wherein the plural ADUs are configured to store the biogas. An embodiment wherein the plural ADUs are configured to transfer the biogas to the SEGU. An embodiment wherein the plural ADUs are configured to store the biogas for less than 7 days. An embodiment wherein the ADU is further configured to transfer the effluent to an effluent processing unit (EPU) to produce a fertilizer. An embodiment wherein the BCU is configured to instantaneously couple the SEGU to the ETG. An embodiment wherein the ECU is configured to schedule coupling of the SEGU to the ETG. An embodiment wherein the PCD and the UCD are configured to communicate wirelessly. An embodiment wherein the PCD and the UCD are configured to communicate using a wired connection. An embodiment wherein the BCU and the UCU are configured to communicate using a manual connection. An embodiment wherein the BCU is configured to calculate available electrical power (AEP) based on measured quality and quantity of the stored biogas in the BSU, and efficiency of the SEGU.

(82) One skilled in the art will recognize that other embodiments are possible based on combinations of elements taught within the above invention description.

CONCLUSION

(83) A bioenergy management system and method for generating and supplying on-demand auxiliary electrical power has been disclosed. The system/method includes a biogas generation unit (BGU) that produces biogas from digestible organic material including dairy farm manure and stores the generated biogas in a biogas storage unit (BSU). A stored energy electric generation unit (SEGU) converts the stored biogas to electricity. A biogas control unit (BCU) measures the quality and quantity of biogas stored in the BSU and calculates available electric power (AEP) from this information. Depending on auxiliary electrical power requirements, a utility control unit (UCU) initiates an on-demand request for electric power (REP) to the BCU using a producer communication device (PCD)/utility communication device (UCD) data link. The BCU processes the REP from the UCU and negotiates electrical power (NEP) quantity. The BCU may electrically connect the SEGU to an electric transmission grid (ETG) to allow instantaneous or scheduled NEP delivery to the ETG.