METHOD FOR OPERATING A HEATING BOILER AND HEATING BOILER FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD (VARIANTS)

Abstract

A method for operating a heating boiler and variant embodiments thereof are proposed. A working fluid is heated in the heating boiler consisting of at least two chambers by the heat of at least one heat carrier, and, by means of at least one of the heat exchangers in the heating boiler, a change in the temperature of the heat carrier in relation to the working fluid in the chambers is realized by supplying a more greatly heated heat carrier to the chambers containing a more greatly heated working fluid and, correspondingly, supplying a less greatly heated heat carrier to the chambers containing a less greatly heated working fluid, and, after heating, the working fluid is conducted out of the chamber via at least one channel or valve for use. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of the heat recovering.

Claims

1.-48. (canceled)

49. A method for operation of a boiler, comprising: heating a working body in the boiler, the boiler being made of at least two chambers, the heating being performed by at least one heating medium, the boiler comprising at least one heat exchanger; using at least one of the boiler's heat exchangers, achieving a change of a heating medium temperature relative to a working body temperature in the at least two chambers by adding a heating medium with higher temperature to those chambers containing a working body with higher temperature, and respectively by adding a heating medium with lower temperature to those chambers containing a working body with lower temperature; and once heated, removing the working bodies from the chambers for further utilization through at least one channel or valve.

50. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating medium temperature change with respect to one of the chambers containing the working body being heated is achieved by directing a heating medium flow through one or more valves.

51. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating medium temperature change with respect to the working body in the chambers is achieved by transferring the working body between the chambers using valves.

52. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the chambers is periodically sealed, the chambers being connected with each other by at least one valve through which the working body is transferred periodically from one chamber into another chamber.

53. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is used to supply heat from a processed working body during a steam phase.

54. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is used to supply heat from an external source.

55. The method of claim 1, wherein a number of the heating mediums for heating the working body in one of the chambers and using at least one of the heat exchangers is less than a number of heating mediums used in the boiler.

56. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the chambers contains a heat exchanger for removing heat from the working body.

57. The method of claim 1, wherein the chambers have a channel connected to them, and wherein the chambers contain a heat exchanger for removing heat from the working body.

58. The method of claim 1, further comprising: returning a liquid phase working body to the boiler through a channel after said liquid phase working body is used, and further feeding said liquid phase working body into at least one of the chambers through the heat exchanger.

59. The method of claim 1, wherein a working body is moved from one chamber into another chamber, common for several chambers, whereas a possibility to heat the working body in the chamber is arranged through a heat from at least one of the heating mediums inflowing through at least one of the heat exchangers, the working body being removed from the chamber for further utilization through a discharge channel.

60. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the heating mediums, flowing through a common chamber, through at least one of the heat exchangers, flows in also afterwards through at least one of the chambers through at least one of the heat exchangers.

61. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the chambers has an inlet channel to fill the chamber with a working body; the at least one of the chambers having a possibility to remove heat through the heat exchanger.

62. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the chambers is filled with a working body through discharge channels of at least one of the heat exchangers.

63. The method of claim 1, wherein the chamber is filled with a working body from the chamber, common for several chambers, and containing a heat exchanger to remove heat from the working body.

64. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the chambers, containing a heat exchanger to remove heat from a working body after it has been used, is filled with the working body through a channel which, in its turn, transfers the working body from discharge channels of at least one of the heat exchangers interfacing with at least one of the chambers.

65. The method of claim 1, wherein the chambers are positioned one above another, and when the chambers are connected, a liquid phase working body is transferred into a downstream chamber via gravity.

66. The method of claim 1, wherein the chambers are positioned randomly, and when the chambers are connected, a liquid phase working body is partially or fully transferred from one chamber (3) into another chamber using a transfer pump.

67. The method of claim 1, wherein the boiler is partly thermally isolated.

68. The method of claim 54, wherein a liquid phase working body, while transferred from one chamber into another chamber, is heated by a working body steam phase heat when the working body steam phase inflows in place of the liquid phase working body being transferred; the working body liquid phase being heated due to a direct contact of those phases or through a heat exchanger wall.

69. A steam power plant boiler, comprising: a casing, a channel to feed in a working body, a channel to remove heat from the working body, heat exchangers to supply a heating medium, wherein the boiler comprises at least two chambers made in the casing by a baffle, the baffle between the chambers having at least one valve installed to periodically transfer the working body from one chamber into another chamber, at least one of the chambers having at least one heat exchanger installed to heat the working body, at least one of the chambers being equipped with a channel to discharge the working body.

70. A steam power plant boiler, comprising: a casing, a channel to feed in a working body, a channel to remove heat from the working body, heat exchangers to supply a heating medium, wherein the boiler comprises chambers positioned in the casing radially towards a common central point, the chambers having at least one heat exchanger to heat the working body, the heat exchangers being equipped with valves allowing to supply more heated working medium to chambers containing more heated working body, and respectively to supply less heated working medium to chambers containing less heated working body, at least one of the chambers being equipped with a channel to discharge the working body.

71. The boiler of claim 70, wherein at least one of the chambers has a heat exchanger to remove heat from the working body.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] The boiler unit with recovery option embodiments.

[0068] FIG. 1 demonstrates the boiler with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant, having the casing (item 1) in the shape of a closed cylinder divided by the baffles, side and cross-section view.

[0069] FIG. 2 demonstrates the valve (item 4) in the closed position, having similar design and operation mode for ail boiler embodiments, side cross-section and plan view.

[0070] FIG. 3 demonstrates the valve (item 4) in the open position, having similar design and operation mode for all boiler embodiments, side cross-section and plan view.

[0071] FIG. 4 demonstrates the boiler embodiment with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant, side and plan cross-section view.

[0072] FIG. 5 demonstrates the boiler embodiment with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant, side and plan cross-section view.

[0073] FIG. 6 demonstrates the boiler embodiment with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant, side and plan cross-section view.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0074] The FIG. 1 demonstrates the first boiler embodiment with heat recovery option, to be used in a steam power plant. The proposed embodiment specific feature is operation with the working bodies at the subcritical temperature and pressure parameters, characterized by the working body state when its liquid and steam phases are separated. The boiler comprises the casing (item 1) having the shape of the closed cylinder, where the baffles (item 2) make periodically sealed chambers (item 3). The baffles have valves (item 4) installed, opened and closed by solenoid drive (item 5).

[0075] The FIG. 2 demonstrates the valve (item 4) in a closed position and FIG. 3 demonstrates the same in an open position. The chambers (item 3) contain the working body (item 6) liquid phase, when the valves (item 4) are opened the pressure in the chambers being connected is equalized and the working body liquid phase inflows into the chamber (item 3) below under gravity action due to its higher density in comparison to the steam phase (item 7). When the boiler cylindrical casing (item 1) axis is positioned horizontally or otherwise a transfer pump (not shown) may be used to transfer the working body liquid phase between the connected chambers (item 3).

[0076] The chambers (item 3) are designed to heat the working body inside by recovering heat of the processed steam inflowing through the channel (item 19) and heat exchangers (item 8) equipped with the heat exchanging coils. The chambers are also crossed by the heat exchanger (item 10) channel, which is used to transfer the working body condensate, collected in the condensate collector (item 11) and fed by the pump (item 12). The variant of the heat exchanger (item 10) channel, ensuring the processed working body condensate self-drainage due to inclination thereof, is possible. Apart from the chambers (item 3), having heat exchangers (item 8), the boiler has the chamber (item 3) equipped with the cooling heat exchanger (item 15), served to discharge excess heat from the working body fed into the boiler using heat-transfer fluid. The chamber (item 3) is equipped with the heat exchanger (item 16) served to supply additional heat to the heated working body from an external source using a heat-transfer fluid. The heated working body in the steam phase is removed from the chamber (item 3) through the channel (item 17) for further use, for example, to convert steam heat energy into mechanical work. The boiler may have an operation mode when the chambers (item 3), located in the lower part of the unit, have the higher temperature processed working body supplied and, respectively, the chambers (item 3), located in the upper part of the unit, have the lower temperature working body supplied, hence there is a possibility to keep temperature gradient due to movement of the working body in the chambers (item 3) towards the flow of the processed working body, fed into the boiler. There is a possibility to decrease the working body condensation specific heat and increase dew point temperature through raising pressure in the chamber (item 3), equipped with the cooling heat exchanger (item 15), and another boiler interiors connected with the chamber (item 3) respectively. In such case heat capacity of the heated working body in the chambers (item 3), will naturally increase.

[0077] The FIG. 4 demonstrates the second boiler embodiment with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant. The proposed embodiment specific feature is operation with the working bodies at the subcritical and supercritical temperature and pressure parameters. The boiler comprises the casing (item 1) in the shape of the cylinder consisting of several periodically sealed segmented chambers (item 3) positioned radially towards the common central point. The chambers (item 3) contain the working body (item 6) liquid phase, however a steam layer (item 7) may also present. The chambers (item 3) are designed to heat the working body inside by recovering heat of the processed steam, inflowing through the channel (item 19) and heat exchangers (item 8). The unit has common chamber (item 14) equipped with the heating heat exchanger (item 16) and channel (item 17) to discharge the working body. Each of the chambers (item 3) is connected with the chamber (item 14) through the valve (item 4), whereas their design and operation mode are similar to the unit embodiment 1, at valve (item 4) opening the working body transfers from the chamber (item 3) into the chamber (item 14) as per the principles, described in the first boiler embodiment. The common chamber (item 13) is equipped with the cooling heat exchanger (item 15) served to discharge excess heat from the working body, inflowing into the boiler, using heat-transfer fluid. The working body is transferred from the common chamber (item 13) into the chambers (item 3) through the valve (item 4) according to the similar principles of the working body transferring from the chamber (item 3) into the chamber (item 14). The working body is fed into the chamber (item 13) previously cooled in the heat exchangers (item 8) flowing consequently through the chambers (item 3). The valves (item 18) direct the flow of the processed working body, fed into the inlet channel (item 19) and flowing through the chambers (item 3) and further into the common chamber (item 13). The valves (item 18) are equipped with solenoid drive (not shown) and are made three-position: first positionthe valve is open to transfer the working body from the channel (item 19) into the heat exchanger (item 8), whereas the channel (item 19) behind the valve is closed and there is no connection with the chamber (item 13). In the second position the valve is open to transfer the working body from the heat exchanger (item 8) into the heat exchanger (item 8), whereas there is no connection between the channel (item 19) and the common chamber (item 13). In the third position the valve is open to transfer the working body from the heat exchanger (item 8) into the common chamber (item 13), whereas the next heat exchanger (item 8) is closed and there is no connection with the channel (item 19). The valves (item 18) direct the processed working body flow and the entry and exit positions into the heat exchangers (item 8) or other chambers (item 3). This specific feature along with the chambers (item 3) filling and draining moment helps to implement the boiler operation mode when the chambers (item 3), containing most heated working body, are fed with the most heated processed working body and the chambers (item 3), containing least heated working body are fed with the less heated working body. Employing the above described heat exchange organization principle, the unit may use another heating medium, different from the processed working body, full or partial parallel usage of several heat exchangers, interfacing with the working body in the chambers (item 3), is also possible. In case of the boiler embodiment without the common chamber (item 13) the working body may be fed through the feeding channel (item 17), proprietary for each of the chambers (item 3), in such case each of the chambers (item 3) is equipped with its own cooling heat exchanger (item 15) to discharge excess heat from the cooled working body in the chamber (item 3) being filled in. Similar to the boiler embodiment without the common chamber (item 13) it is possible to have the boiler without the common chamber (item 14). In such case the heated working body will be discharged from each of the chambers (item 3) using their own channels (item 17). The unit is equipped with the feed pump (item 12) to supply the working body into the boiler.

[0078] The FIG. 5 demonstrates the boiler embodiment with recovery option to be used in a steam power plant. The proposed embodiment specific feature is operation with the working bodies at the subcritical and supercritical temperature and pressure parameters. The boiler comprises the casing (item 1) in the shape of the cylinder, consisting of several periodically sealed segmented chambers (item 3), positioned radially towards the common central point. The chambers (item 3) contain the working body (item 6) liquid phase, however a steam layer (item 7) may also present. The chambers (item 3) are designed to heat the working body inside by the heat from the external heating medium, supplied through the heat exchanger (item 16). The valves (item 4) are designed to fill in and discharge the working body from the chambers (item 3), the valve (item 4) design and operation principle are similar to the embodiment 1. The heating medium gases flow in the heat exchanger (item 16) is directed by the flag-type valves (item 23), the valve's (item 23) flag position set direction for the heating medium movement. The gases are exhausted through the exhaust pipes (item 24) in sequences, depending on the flag-type valves (item 23) position. In combination with the chambers (item 3) filling and draining moment the boiler operation mode is achieved when the chambers (item 3), containing most heated working body, are fed with the most heated heating medium and the chambers (item 3), containing least heated working body are fed with the less heated heating medium. Employing the above described heat exchange organization principle, the unit may use another heating medium, different from for example processed working body, full or partial parallel usage of several heat exchangers, interfacing with the working body in the chambers (item 3), is also possible. Once the working body (item 6) is heated, it leaves the chamber (item 3) by the discharge channel (item 17) through the valve (item 4) for its further utilization, accordingly in case of filling the chamber (item 3) the working body (item 6), fed by the feed pump (item 12) (not shown on the FIG. 5), comes through the inlet channel (item 19) from the cooling heat exchanger (item 15). The arrows on the scheme show single-point heating medium and working body direction.

[0079] The FIG. 6 demonstrates the boiler with heat recovery option to be used in a steam power plant. Its difference from the boiler embodiment, shown on the FIG. 1, lies in absence of the condensate collector (item 11) and feed pump (item 12), and the heat exchanger (item 16) for the heat-transfer fluid from the additional heat source is used instead of the heat exchanger (item 10) with the heat exchanging coils (item 9).

[0080] The following techniques are used for the boiler embodiments described above.

[0081] The boiler is partially thermally isolated to decrease heat losses and improve performance.

[0082] The boiler is equipped with the heat exchanger (item 15) to discharge heat and improve its performance.

[0083] The boiler is cylinder shaped to improve its performance.

[0084] The boiler is included into a steam power plant closed circuit to improve its performance.

[0085] The operated boiler is cleaned from any other particles, except the working body, to improve its performance.

Best Embodiment

[0086] All of the described boiler embodiments and their operation modes are best embodiments.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0087] The proposed boiler operation mode employment allows using processed heat from the various heat plants. The boiler operation mode allows building highly cost-efficient external heated units.