Abstract
The invention relates to a tool for securing on a tool holder of a machine tool for machining vegetable and/or mineral materials, comprising a tool body which is equipped with a machining attachment that points in a tool feeding direction and comprises a cutting region, in particular a cutting element, and on which a fitting element for meshing with a mating element provided on the tool holder is formed on a support surface facing the tool holder. The dependability and operational reliability when using a machine tool can be ensured if the fitting element has at least two molded regions with different contour regions over the vertical course of the fitting element with respect to the support surface.
Claims
1. A tool for fastening on a tool holder of a machine tool for machining vegetable and/or mineral materials, having a tool body which has a machining attachment, which points in a tool feed direction, comprising a cutting region, and which has a support surface which faces the tool holder, such that a fitting element is provided for interlocking with a counter element, which is provided on the tool holder, wherein the fitting element comprises at least two molded regions with contour regions which differ from one another over its vertical profile with reference to the support surface.
2. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fitting element and the counter element on the tool holder are provided so as to complement one another for forming a positive locking and/or a non-positive locking connection.
3. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fitting element is an attachment and the counter element is an indentation or the fitting element is an indentation and the counter element is an attachment.
4. The tool as claimed in claim 3, wherein when looking from a top view onto the fitting element, a contour of a second molded region, which is spaced further from the support surface, lies inside or at least in regions on a contour of a first molded region, which is located closer to the support surface.
5. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two molded regions are closed off over the vertical profile of the fitting element at least in regions via plateau surfaces that have substantially rectangular alignment with respect to the vertical profile, and/or merge into the next molded region.
6. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two molded regions have varying heights.
7. The tool as claimed in claim 6, wherein the at least two molded regions are bordered over their heights by edge surfaces which are aligned with respect to a vertical direction of the fitting element at least in regions parallel and/or conically tapering against a closure surface of the fitting element.
8. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contour of the at least two molded regions is provided at least in regions in a polygonal manner and/or in a curved manner.
9. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contour regions of the at least two molded regions are provided in each case in a symmetrical manner and/or in a geometrically similar manner to one another.
10. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contour regions are rotated by an angle bout a rotational axis, which extends parallel to a vertical direction, and arranged with respect to one another with reference to reference points associated therewith and/or are arranged offset to one another in a direction directed at right angles to the vertical direction.
11. The tool as claimed in claim 10, wherein reference axes and/or centroids are defined as reference points and/or in that the rotational axis is formed by a common centroid axis.
12. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one bore for receiving a fastening means, a longitudinal axis of which is aligned in a vertical direction, extends through the fitting element.
13. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein a recess is guided from outside to a region between the fitting element and the counter element.
14. The tool as claimed in claim 13, further comprising a fluid introducible through the recess and/or an indentation, in relation to an attachment, comprises a setback region for forming a fluid channel between the attachment and the indentation, which is accessible through the recess.
15. The tool as claimed in claim 13, wherein the recess is designed in order to accommodate a release element or in that a release element is arranged in the recess.
16. The tool as claimed in claim 13, wherein a fastening element for connecting the tool to the tool holder is introducible through the recess.
17. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein an intermediate element is arranged between surfaces of the tool and of the tool holder which are in contact with one another.
18. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein a clamping element is arranged between surfaces of the tool and of the tool holder which are in contact with one another.
19. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein surfaces of the tool and of the tool holder which are in contact with one another in the mounted state comprise one recess and/or elevation or multiple recesses and/or elevations.
20. A tool system having a tool and a tool holder of a machine tool for machining vegetable and/or mineral materials as claimed in claim 1.
21. The tool system as claimed in claim 20, wherein a centroid of a cross section of at least one recess for accommodating the fitting element deviates from at least one centroid of a cross section of at least one contour region by a distance.
22. The tool system as claimed in claim 21, wherein a projection of the centroid of the cross section of the at least one recess into a plane of the support surface, lies inside the support surface.
23. The tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting region of the machining attachment comprises a cutting element.
24. The tool as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reference axes are axes of symmetry.
25. The tool as claimed in claim 17, wherein the intermediate element is a plate-shaped element.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] The present invention is explained in more detail below by way of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings.
[0027] FIG. 1 shows an oblique view from below in perspective of a tool system with a tool and a tool holder;
[0028] FIG. 2 shows a vertical section of the mounted tool system according to FIG. 1;
[0029] FIG. 3 shows an oblique view from above in perspective of the released tool according to FIG. 1;
[0030] FIG. 4 shows a view from above of the released tool according to FIG. 1;
[0031] FIG. 5 shows a view from behind of the released tool according to FIG. 1, in top view onto the fitting element;
[0032] FIG. 6 shows an oblique view from below in perspective of the released tool holder according to FIG. 1;
[0033] FIG. 7 shows a side view in partial section of the released tool holder according to FIG. 1;
[0034] FIG. 8 shows a view from the front of the released tool holder according to FIG. 1, in top view onto a counter element;
[0035] FIG. 9 shows a vertical section of a further realization variant of a tool;
[0036] FIG. 10 shows a view from above of the tool according to FIG. 9, in top view onto a fitting element;
[0037] FIG. 11 shows a vertical section of a further realization variant of a mounted tool system; and
[0038] FIGS. 12A and 12B show a perspective view of a further realization variant of a released tool system with a tool (FIG. 12A) and a tool holder (FIG. 12B).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0039] FIG. 1 shows a tool system 1 with a tool 20 which is fastened releasably on a tool holder 30. The tool 20 includes a tool body 200, on which a machining attachment with a cutting element 20.1 is realized on a head region 25, as an extension of a front side 21 which points in a tool feed direction V. The cutting element 20.1 is fastened, in particular, soldered, on the tool body 200 in a cutting element receiving means 20.3 which is provided for this purpose, and comprises on its end, which is at the top, turned away from the tool body 200 and points in the feed direction V, a tapering and rounded end region 20.2. The cutting element 20.1 is produced from a hard metal material such that it is suitable, in particular, for machining resistant vegetable and/or mineral materials. On the side located opposite the head region 25, the tool body 200 comprises a projection 24 which extends beyond a support surface 22. The support surface 22 and a contact surface 23, which is inclined in the feed direction V in relation to the support surface, form the surfaces of the tool 20 which are in contact with the tool holder 30.
[0040] The tool holder 30 comprises a tool holder body 32, on the top side of which an outer region 33 is integrally formed. The outer region 33 is in contact with the head region 25 by way of a contact counter surface 35 which points in the tool feed direction V. In this case, the outer region 33 is realized as a type of extension of the head region 25, the contour of the outer region 33, which points away from the tool holder 32, extending rearward in a curved manner. An inner region 34 with a tool holder fastening region 31 for fastening on a rotating element of a machine tool, for example, a drum body, is provided on a side of the tool holder body 32 located opposite the outer region 33. The inner region 34 correspondingly comprises at the bottom, pointing in the direction of a rotating element, an arcuate contour which is adapted to the rotating element. An embodiment in which the tool holder 30 is received in an indentation of the rotating element or also of a translational element of the machine tool would also be conceivable or that the tool holder 30 is already integrated into the machine. The tool holder fastening region 31 comprises inwardly pointing chamfers 31.1 which form a welding region for a substance-to-substance bonding connection of the tool system 1 on the machine tool. The welding region, which is located in the feed direction V, is protected by the projection 24 which protrudes over it. For improved hold and support of the tool system 1 on the machine tool, the inner region 34 is extended rearward in the direction opposite to the feed direction V in relation to the remaining tool holder body 32. On the rear side of the tool holder 30 facing away from the feed direction V, the head of a fastening means 40, here a screw, can be seen. The fastening means 40 is guided by means of a passage 41 through the tool holder 30 into a bore 42 provided in the tool 20 (see FIG. 2). The bore 42 is realized as a threaded bore with a thread 42.1 such that the fastening means 40 pulls the tool 20 with the support surface 22 onto a counter surface 36 of the tool holder 30 for forming a positive locking and/or non-positive locking connection. Other forms of fastening means 40 are also conceivable, for example, one or multiple clamping, tensioning or latching elements, a through bore 42 also being conceivable.
[0041] FIG. 2 shows a vertical section of the tool system 1. The tool system 1, in this case, is aligned such that the fastening means 40 extends with its longitudinal axis along a horizontal x axis. A y axis, which is aligned correspondingly perpendicularly to the x axis, extends through a center point M of a rotation circle, along which the tool system 1 rotates in operation. A z axis is aligned perpendicularly to the image plane. The tool feed direction V corresponds to the direction of rotation of the tool system 1.
[0042] As can be seen in FIG. 2, the end region 20.2 of the cutting element 20.1 lies on a chord through the center point M, which is rotated by an angle with reference to the y axis, it being possible for to be between 45 and +80, in particular, between 5 and 30, for example 21. With reference to the chord, the front face of the cutting element 20.1 pointing in the feed direction V is inclined by an angle , where is between 45 and +75, in particular, between 0 and 10, for example 4. As can be seen further in FIG. 2, the support surface 22 is aligned parallel to the y-z plane which is spanned by the y and the z axes. In relation to the support surface 22, the contact surface 23 is inclined by an angle (where is between 90 and +90, in particular, between 5 and 45). Such an alignment of the two surfaces with respect to one another is conducive, in particular, to simplified assembly, as the angled contact surface 23 guides the tool 20 when inserted into the tool holder 30 into the correct assembly position. In addition, tension and anti-twist protection is achieved, in particular, with lateral torques.
[0043] A fitting element 50 of the tool 20 extends over the support surface 22, in a direction opposite the feed direction V, into a corresponding counter element 60 of the tool holder 30. The fitting element 50 is realized, for example, as shown in the exemplary embodiment, as an attachment and the counter element 60 is realized as an indentation. The vertical direction of the fitting element 50, in the direction of which its center longitudinal axis ML is aligned, forms the x axis, the total height H (H=H.sub.1+H.sub.2, see FIG. 4) of the fitting element 50 proceeding from the support surface 22 increasing in the direction opposite to the x direction. The vertical direction of the fitting element 50 consequently extends perpendicularly to the support surface 22. Via its vertical profile, in the direction opposite to the x direction, the fitting element 50 comprises two molded regions 51, 53 which are each closed off by plateau surfaces 52, 54. The counter element 60 correspondingly comprises two corresponding counter molded regions 61, 63, the vertical profile of which is closed off by plateau counter surfaces 62, 64. The fitting element 50 and the counter element 60 are dimensioned in such a manner that edge surfaces 51.2, 53.2 of the fitting element 50 are supported in a positive locking and/or non-positive locking manner on corresponding edge counter surfaces 61.2, 63.2. However, the plateau surfaces 52, 54 do not contact the plateau counter surfaces 62, 64. The fitting element 50 and the counter element 60 thus contribute to the positive locking and/or non-positive locking connection between the tool 20 and the tool holder 30. In particular, when the tool 20 is acted upon by shear forces, these can be removed via the edge surfaces 51.2, 53.2 onto the tool holder 30. The design of the fitting element 50 in relation to the counter element 60 could also be shaped in such a manner that the plateau surfaces 52, 54 also contact the plateau counter surfaces 62, 64. Intermediate elements could also be provided between the plateau surfaces 52, 54 and the plateau counter surfaces 62, 64. The design of the fitting element 50 or of the counter element 60 will be described in more detail by way of the following figures.
[0044] FIG. 3 shows a view from above in perspective of the released tool 20. It can be seen from the representation that the lateral surfaces of the head region 25 are realized offset inwardly in relation to the lateral surfaces of the remaining tool body 200. In addition, it is possible to see inclined surfaces 25.1 which broaden forward, extending in the direction of the cutting element 20.1, and merge into the tapering end region 20.2 of the cutting element 20.1. During machining, the form first of all favors a simplified penetration of the machining attachment with the cutting element 20.1 into the material to be machined. During further penetration of the tool 20 into the material to be machined, the fragmentation effect is increased by the cross section of the head region 25 which becomes bigger in the direction opposite to the feed direction V.
[0045] In addition, FIG. 3 shows the fitting element 50 with its two molded regions 51, 53, the fitting element extending over the support surface 22 in the direction opposite to the feed direction V.
[0046] FIG. 4 illustrates the design of the fitting element 50, a view from above over its vertical profile, with reference to the x direction. Proceeding from the support surface 22, the fitting element 50 first of all merges via a first transition region 51.1 of the fitting element 50, realized as a rounding, into the first molded region 51 which extends over a first vertical region dx.sub.1. A first edge surface 51.2, which largely surrounds the first molded region 51 in the vertical direction x, extends parallel to the x direction. Via a first phase 51.3, the first molded region 51 merges in regions into the first plateau surface 52 (see FIG. 5) which is preferably aligned substantially at right angles to the x axis and closes off the molded region 51 vertically. As the height of the fitting element 50 progresses, the plateau surface 52 merges at least in part into a second transition region 53.1. In the, for example, lateral regions of the fitting element 50, as can be seen in FIG. 4, the phase 51.3 merges directly, without the intermediate plateau surface 52, via the second transition region 53.1 into the second molded region 53. The second molded region 53 extends over a second vertical region dx.sub.2 and is surrounded in the vertical direction x largely by a second edge surface 53.2. A second phase 53.3 forms the transition into the second plateau surface 54, which closes off the molded region 53 vertically and also the fitting element 50 in its overall height. The fitting element 50 extends consequently in its overall height from the support surface 22 up to the plateau surfaces 54 and is produced from the sum of the heights of the individual molded regions 51, 53, the height of which is in each case H.sub.1 (molded region 51) or H.sub.2 (molded region 53). The height H.sub.1, in this case, is greater than the height H.sub.2, identical heights or a reversed height ratio also being conceivable. All in all, a step-like design of the fitting element 50 is thus produced over its height.
[0047] In the view of the tool 20 from behind shown in FIG. 5, in top view onto the fitting element 50, the external outlines of the molded regions 51, 53, formed by the respective edge surfaces 51.2 or 53.2, can be seen in the y-z direction, at right angles to the x direction. The external outlines form in each case the contour in the y-z direction and outline the surfaces of the molded regions 51, 53 with reference to the y-z direction, which are designated here as contour regions. The contour region of the molded region 51 is realized symmetrically substantially as a type of rectangle with rounded corner regions 55 and an indentation 56.1 pointing in the direction of the head region 25 as well as a bulge 56.2 which points downward. The contour region of the molded region 53 is realized in a slightly oval manner and in top view, which reference to its y-z position, lies inside the external outline or the contour of the molded region 51.
[0048] FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show the released tool holder according to FIG. 1. FIG. 6 shows a view from below of the tool holder 30 in perspective, it being possible to see the counter element 60 in a three-dimensional manner.
[0049] FIG. 7 shows a side view of the tool holder 30, it being possible to see the vertical profile of the counter element 60 in the partially sectioned region. Proceeding from the counter surface 36, the counter element 60 merges via a first phase 61.1 into the first counter molded region 61. The counter molded region 61 is located in a vertical region dx.sub.1, inside which it is largely surrounded by a first edge counter surface 61.2. The edge counter surface 61.2, in this case, is aligned parallel to the x direction. Via a rounding, the edge counter surface 61.2 merges into the first plateau counter surface 62 which is aligned at right angles to the x direction and closes off the first counter molded region 61 vertically. Via a second phase 63.1, the counter element 60 then merges into the second counter molded region 63 which is located in a vertical region dx.sub.2 which is connected to the first vertical region dx.sub.1. The second counter molded region 63 is outlined over its vertical profile largely by a second edge counter surface 63.2 which is aligned parallel to the x direction. The edge counter surface 63.2 merges via a further rounding into the second plateau counter surface 64. This is aligned at right angles to the x direction and closes off the second counter molded region 63 vertically. The overall height of the counter element 60 reaches consequently from the counter surface 36 to the plateau counter surface 64 and is the sum of a height H.sub.1 of the first counter molded region 61 and a height H.sub.2 of the second counter molded region 63.
[0050] Since, as shown in FIG. 2, the plateau surfaces 52, 54 do not come into contact with the plateau counter surfaces 62, 64, the heights H.sub.1 or H2 of the counter molded regions 61, 63 are greater than the heights H.sub.1 or H.sub.2 of the corresponding molded regions 51, 53.
[0051] FIG. 8 shows the external outlines of the counter molded regions 61, 63 which are formed by the edge counter surfaces 61.2, 63.2 and outline the contour regions. The shaping of the contour regions corresponds to the contour regions of the fitting element 50 and they are simply enlarged in such a manner that the fitting element 50 is able to be inserted with its edge surfaces 51.2, 51.2 into the counter element 60 in contact with the edge counter surfaces 61.2, 63.2.
[0052] FIGS. 9 and 10 show a vertical section (FIG. 9) and a view from behind (in top view onto the fitting element 50) (FIG. 10) of a further exemplary embodiment of a tool 20 according to the present invention for assembly in a tool holder 30. In the case of the tool 20, the cutting element receiving means 20.3 is admitted into the tool body 200 at an angle in the form of an exception. The tool 20, in this case, is realized in a relatively wide manner (in the z direction, see FIG. 10) such that inserting multiple cutting elements 20.1 (not shown here) side by side into the cutting element receiving means 20.3 can be provided. The cutting elements 20.1, in this case, are produced from a hard metal material. Further hard metal elements can be provided on the tool body 200, for example, pointing in the feed direction V, and/or on the lateral surfaces of the tool body 200, in particular, to protect the tool 20 from wear.
[0053] FIG. 10 shows the molded regions 51, 53 with their contour regions and the alignment thereof with respect to one another with reference to the y-z directions (at right angles to the vertical profile or to the x direction) in more detail. The contour region of the second molded region 53, in this case, is realized in a substantially geometrically similar manner to the contour region of the first molded region 51, i.e. its form is able to be transposed as a result of displacement, rotation and/or compression/stretching, its surface being a smaller surface here. Each contour region comprises symmetry with respect to its axis of symmetry S1, S2. For describing the alignment of the contour regions with reference to the y-z directions with respect to one another, the axes of symmetry S1, S2 are chosen as reference axes, the axis of symmetry S2 being rotated by an angle about a rotational axis D in relation to the axis of symmetry S1. In this case, the angle can be 4, for example. The rotational axis D is formed here by the center longitudinal axis of the cross section of the bore 42 which extends along the x axis. As a result of the rotated alignment of the contour regions with reference to the y-z directions with respect to one another, in addition to the diverse coding possibilities via the vertical direction (x direction) further coding possibilities in the y or z direction can be added which can be combined. Thus, a defined interface coding between the tool 20 and the tool holder 30 can be set up in three directions in space, tension against torsion at various rotation angles of tool 20 and tool holder 30 also being achievable.
[0054] FIG. 11 shows a vertical section of a further realization variant of the mounted tool system 1. The tool system 1, in this case, corresponds to the tool system 1 according to FIG. 2, except for the designs of the fitting element 50 and of the counter element 60. In this case, a setback, which forms an additional intermediate molded region 65, is provided in the case of the counter element 60 such that in the vertical section a step-like appearance with three steps is produced. The fitting element 50, in contrast, with the two molded regions 51, 53, usually also comprises a 2-step appearance in vertical section. The molded region 51, in this case, is also realized corresponding to the counter molded region 61 and the molded region 53 corresponding to the counter molded region 63. As no corresponding molded region of the fitting element is provided for the intermediate molded region 65, it forms an at least partially circumferential gap 65.1. The circumferential gap 65.1, in this case, can preferably be accessible from outside via a channel-like recess through the tool 20 and/or through the tool holder 30 (not shown here). For release, a fluid can then be supplied through the recess into the region between the fitting element 50 and the counter element 60, which is formed by the circumferential gap 65.1. As a result of the fluid, the tool 20, once the fastening means 40 have been released, can be pressed out of the connection to the tool holder 30. It is also conceivable for a fluid to be supplied during operation for cooling purposes.
[0055] FIGS. 12A and 12B show a perspective view of a further tool system 1 according to the present invention with the tool 20 (FIG. 12A) and the tool holder 30 (FIG. 12B) in the released state. It is to be noted that the tool 20 is shown enlarged compared to the tool holder 30. The fitting element 50 on the tool 20, in this case, comprises a first molded region 51 with a, for instance, drop-shaped contour region. The second molded region 53 with a, for instance, round contour region is positioned, in this case, on the first molded region 51 in such a manner that the contour, that is to say the external outline, of the second molded region 53, in top view onto the fitting element 50, lies in regions on the contour of the first molded region 51. The counter element 60 is realized in a corresponding manner.
[0056] In the exemplary embodiment, the tool holder 30 comprises in its inner region 34 a protrusion 37 which points in the tool feed direction V. In this way, the protrusion 37 forms a bottom surface 38 which is aligned substantially at right angles to the counter surface 36, another alignment angle also being conceivable. The bottom surface 38 is in contact with a bottom region 26 of the tool 20 in the mounted state. The bottom surface 38, in this case, presents, for example, additional advantages with reference to simple assembly and/or can act as, where applicable, a further support surface for absorbing forces.
[0057] In the embodiments of the tool 20 which are shown as also in other embodiments of the tool, an additional hard metal element, in particular, a hard metal pin, with an emergency operating feature, could also be introduced into the tool body 200. The hard metal element preferably projects into the head region 25 of the tool 20 and beyond the outer region 33 of the tool holder 30. In a case of serious wear in the head region 25, the hard metal element, as a result of material removal, then passes to the surface and there forms protection against further wear of the tool 20. In the case of loss of the cutting element 20, the hard metal element could also provide an emergency operating feature by countering excessive material removal on the tool body 200.
[0058] Along with the tools 20 or tool holders 30 shown in the exemplary embodiments, the coding is also usable with differently designed tool systems 1. Thus, for example, further corresponding support surfaces can be provided on the tool holder 30 and/or on the tool 20, for example, also below, pointing in the direction of the machine tool, or on the lateral surfaces, for example, as a result of lateral plates. Further hard metal elements, as already mentioned, can also be provided on the tool 20 and/or on the tool holder 30 which, just as the cutting element 20.1, can be exchangeable. In addition, the coding could also be provided in the case of tool systems 1 which are not realized as interchangeable systems, but where the tool 20 is fastened non-releasably on the tool holder 30 in a first assembly. As a result of the tool 20 according to the present invention or the tool system 1 according to the present invention, it is possible to ensure that suitable tools 20 are used for a machine tool or for a machining task. Ensured reliability and the operating safety of the machine tool used can thus be assured.
